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Practical  Spelling: 


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A    TEXT    BOOK 


FOR   USE   IN 


Commercial  Schools,  Normal  Schools, 

Colleges,  Academies,  and 

High  Schools. 


^5^3 


Cleveland,  Ohio: 

The  Practical  Text  Book  Company, 

Publishers. 


EDUCATION  DEPT. 
PREFACE. 


^^ 


To  a  young  man  or  a  young  woman  who  seeks  employment  in 
business,  or  who  would  have  a  practical  education,  no  subject  can 
be  of  more  importance  than  spelling. 

Any  person  expecting  to  succeed  in  business  should  at  least  be 
able  to  spell  correctly  and  write  a  good  letter.  Correct  spelling, 
beautiful  writing,  and  careful  arrangement,  in  letters,  are  like  cor- 
rect pronunciation  of  well  chosen  words ;  or  like  neat-fitting,  clean- 
looking  clothes,  —  they  are  a  valuable  and  impressive  introduction. 

While  one  may  not  always  receive  the  credit  to  which  he  is 
entitled  for  spelling  correctly,  he  is  sure  to  suffer  humiliation  and 
loss  if  he  spells  incorrectly. 

A  great  deal  of  time  and  thought  was  devoted  to  the  prepara- 
tion of  this  text-book,  and  it  is,  therefore,  with  much  satisfaction 
that  the  author  observes  its  growing  popularity. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1889,  by 

The  Practical  Text  Book  Company, 
in  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington. 


Copyrighted,  1897,  oy  The  ]Prd\itlcalT.^xt  l^ook  (\)mpany, 


Copyrighted,  1902,  by  The  PracHcal  Text  iJook  Company, 


INDEX. 


Agriculture 

Animals 

Annoyance      

Architecture 

Arithmetic 

Authority 

Birds 

Bookkeeping 

Business 

City 

Cities  of  U.  S 

Cities,  Foreign 

Clothing 

Color 

Confusion 

Conversation 

Crimes  and  Criminals 

Death 

Dictation  Exercises  .  .  .  lo,  15 
20,  24,  27,  29,  31,  35,  40,  42,  46 
54.  55,  56,  61,  64,  67,  69,  70,  72 
78,  82,  84,  85,  87,  89,  91,  93,  97, 
106,  III,  ii8. 

Disaster 

Disease 

Drugs 

Dry  Goods  

Expenditure 

Festivity      

Finished      

Fire  and  Fuel 

Fish  and  Fowl 

Flowers 

Food 

Fruit 

Furniture 


29 

lOI 

68 

30.31 

49.50 

43,44 

102 

18 

10-15 

III 

112-114 

116-118 

20 

100 

66 

86,87 

41 

93 

16,  19, 

,  48,  52, 

.  74.  76. 

99.  103, 

69 

34,35 

32 

19 
18 

97 
94 

57 

26 

98,99 

26 

28 
57 


Geography 53 

Government 42 

Groceries 25 

Hardware 21, 22 

Hatred 83 

Homophonous  Words  .    .17,  21,  25,  30, 

34,  41,  47,  52,  56,  62,  67,  73.  79.  85,  90, 

95,  loi,  104,  106. 

Human  Body 36 

Humor 96 

Injury 68 

Insects 103 

Intemperance 84 

Joy 95 

Kindness 84 

Law      37-40 

Laziness  and  Fatigue     ....  55 

Lineage 81 

Lines  and  Forms  .......  51 

Literature 62, 63 

Manners 79-8i 

Men 76 

Mind 59-61 

Miscellaneous  .    .  15,   19,  23,  27,  31,  37, 

45.  49,  54.  59,  64,  69,  75,  82,  87,  92,  98, 

no. 

Months  and  Days 118 

Motion      54 

Music 55 

Mystery 92 

Nations 78 

Navigation 71 

Oratory    .    .           46 

Orthography       9 

Persons 77 

Physics 33 


M118317 


IV 


INDEX. 


Pictures 58 

Politics .    t  44 

Praise .  88, 89 

Precious  Stones     ...              .  105 

Quantity 106 

Religion 90,  91 

Requiring  Careful  Discrimina- 
tion      107-110 

Schools 45.46 

Sciences 47.48 

Size 104 

Skill      17 

Society 75 

Sorrow _ 94 


States  and  Territories     ...  114-116 

Stationers*  Goods 23 

Temper  and  Disposition    ...  83 

Theatre 96 

Time 73,74 

Traveling 70 

Trees 100 

Vegetables 28 

Vehicles 71 

Vocations 16 

War  or  Military  Service     ...  65,  66 

Wind  and  Weather 72 

Women .  76 

Writing 24 


INTRODUCTION, 


Had  we  believed,  with  a  celebrated  congressman  —  not  noted 
for  skill  in  orthography  —  that  ' '  spelling  is  very  small  business, ' ' 
this  book  would  not  have  been  published.  Considering  the  subject 
important^  we  have  earnestly  endeavored  to  prepare  a  work  that 
should  present  it  in  the  most  attractive,  interesting,  and  useful 
manner. 

The  words  have  been  selected  with  great  care,  our  aim  being  to 
give  only  words  in  common  use,  and  those  that  are  liable  to  be 
misspelled.  They  are  arranged  alphabetically,  marked  diacritically, 
divided  into  syllables,  and  classified  according  to  their  meaning. 
This  classification  makes  the  study  of  the  lessons  more  interesting 
and  at  the  same  time  gives  a  knowledge  of  the  correct  use  of  the 
words.  There  is  no  better  way  of  acquiring  discrimination  in  the 
use  of  words  than  by  the  study  of  synonyms,  and  many  of  these  are 
grouped  in  lessons  as  a  result  of  this  method  of  classifying 

The  parts  of  speech  have  been  indicated  in  accordance  with  the 
definitions  given.  Only  one,  two,  or  at  most  three  words  have 
been  selected  from  a  series  of  words  derived  from  the  same  root, 
varying  slightly  in  spelling  or  definition. 

The  dictation  exercises  are  on  the  same  subject  as  the  respective 
lessons,  and  are  the  best  thoughts  of  the  best  writers.  They  will 
add  interest  to  the  spelling  lesson,  and  afford  excellent  practice 
in  penmanship,  and  the  spelling  of  short  and  common  words.  They 
may  alco  be  used  as  gems  of  thought  to  be  recited  in  concert  by  the 
class,  reading  from  the*  open  book,  or  be  committed  to  memory,  by 
each  pupil,  and  recited  individually. 

The  definitions  are  short  and  comprehensive,  and  of  the  words 
in  their  most  common  use.  It  is  as  important  to  know  what  a  word 
means  as  how  to  spell  it. 

Webster's  International  Dictionary  has  b3en  used  as  the  authority 
in  spelling,  defining,  and  pronunciation. 


VI  INTRODUCTION. 


The  key  to  pronunciation,  carefully  studied,  will  enable  the 
student  to  know,  from  a  glance  at  its  diacritical  marks,  the  right 
pronunciation  of  a  word.  Correct  pronunciation  is  quite  as  impor- 
tant as  correct  spelling. 

The  geographical  names  include  some  of  the  largest  cities  in  the 
world,  and  those  most  difficult  to  spell.  In  a  work  of  this  kind  it 
is  impossible  to  give  a  very  extensive  list,  as  the  number  of  geo- 
graphical words  is  almost  limitless. 

Capital  letters  have  been  used  to  begin  words  wherever  re- 
quired, and  the  lessons  should  be  written  in  this  respect  as  printed. 

The  use  of  the  book  may  be  varied  to  suit  the  taste  of  the  teacher 
and  needs  or  qualifications  of  the  pupils.  We  might  suggest  that 
spelling  '  *  by  ear  ' '  is  not  a  good  method  where  the  orthography  is 
as  arbitrary  and  inconsistent  as  in  the  English  language.  We  only 
need  to  spell  when  we  write,  and  not  when  we  pronounce  words. 
The  dictation  exercises  should  be  read  through  first  by  the  teacher, 
and  again  slowly,  while  the  pupils  write.  The  short  quotations 
may  be  written  at  the  beginning  of  each  lesson,  and  the  long  dicta- 
tion exercises,  as  lessons,  in  the  order  they  are  given.  The  teacher 
should  read  the  definitions  of  each  of  the  classified  words,  after  he 
pronounces  the  word.  If  the  school  is  small,  the  teacher,  or  some 
one  selected  by  him,  may  correct  the  lessons.  In  large  classes,  the 
students  might  exchange  blanks  and  correct  each  other's  work.  A 
check  mark  should  be  placed  opposite  each  misspelled  word,  and 
under  each  error  in  spelling,  capitalization,  or  punctuation  of  the 
dictation  exercises.  One  hundred  per  cent,  may  be  taken  as  the 
standard  of  perfection,  and  five  per  cent,  deducted  for  each  mistake. 
It  is  well  to  keep  a  record  of  each  pupil's  work,  for  which  purpose 
the  books  should  be  collected  after  each  lesson,  and  returned  just 
before  the  beginning  of  the  next. 

To  the  student. —  We  suggest  that  in  studying  the  lessons  you 
note  carefully  the  definitions,  and  endeavor  to  learn  the  meaning  of 
the  words  as  well  as  how  to  spell  them.  Use  great  care  in  writing 
your  lessons,  with  a  view  to  neatness,  legibility,  and  good  penman- 
ship. You  will  thus  make  the  spelling  lesson  a  valuable  writing 
lesson,  and  form  habits  of  the  greatest  importance  in  business  life. 


RULES   FOR  SPELLING. 


[Most  rules  for  spelling  have  so  many  exceptions  they  are  not  of  much  use. 
The  following  may  prove  of  some  assistance.] 

1.  Monosyllables  and  words  accented  on  the  last  syllable, 
when  ending  in  a  single  consonant  (except  h  and  x)  preceded  by  a 
single  vowel,  double  the  final  consonant  when  a  syllable  is  added: 
as,  clan^  clannish;  plan,  planned;  hat^  hafter;  prefer\preferredf. 
When  the  accent  of  the  primitive  is  thrown  back  upon  another 
syllable,  the  final  letter  is  not  doubled:  as,  prefer\  pref^erence ; 
refer'^  ref^erence ;  defe'/,  deference.  The  following  are  exceptions : 
infe'/able,  transfer' able,  chagrin' ed. 

2.  A  consonant  standing  at  the  end  of  a  word  immediately 
after  a  diphthong  or  double  vowel  is  never  doubled :  as,  ail,  haul, 
door,  maim ;  the  word  guess  is  the  only  apparent  exception,  as  the 
u  does  not  strictly  form  a  diphthong  with  the  e,  but  serves  only  to 
render  the  g  hard. 

3.  The  plural  of  nouns  ending  in  y,  when  y  is  preceded  by  a 
consonant,  is  formed  by  changing  y  into  i  and  adding  es :  as,  lily, 
lilies ;  lady,  ladies.  When  y  is  preceded  by  a  vowel,  the  plural  is 
formed  by  adding  s  :  as,  valley,  valleys. 

4.  The  word/2^//,  used  as  an  affix,  always  drops  one  //  and 
its  compounds  form  their  plurals  by  adding  s  to  the  singular :  as, 
handful,  handfuls. 

5.  Words  formed  by  prefixing  one  or  more  syllables  to  words 
ending  in  a  double  consonant,  retain  both  consonants:  as,  befall, 
rebuff.  The  exceptions  are,  withal,  annul,  until ;  also  fulfill  and 
instill,  which  may  be  ^riiie^n  fulfil,  instil. 

6.  In  derivatives  formed  from  words  ending  with  silent  e,  the 
e  is  generally  retained  when  the  termination  begins  with  a  consonant : 
as,  pale,  paleness ;  hate,  hateful;  move,  movement ;  when  the  e  is 
immediately  preceded  by  another  vowel  (except  e),  it  is  often 
dropped  from  the  derivative:  as,  due,  duly ;  true,  truly ;  awe, 
awful.  The  words  wholly,  nursling,  wisdom,  abridgment,  acknowl- 
edgment, lodgment,  diVid  judgment  are  exceptions.  When  the  affix 
begins  with  a  vowel,  the  e  is  generally  omitted:  as,  bride,  bridal ; 
use,  usage ;  the  e  is  retained  in  the  words  hoeing,  shoeing^  toeing, 
dyeing,  singeing,  tingeing. 


KEY  TO   PRONUNCIATION, 

AND  ABBREVIATIONS. 


VO-WTEI^S. 


LONG   SOUNDS. 


a,  long,  as  in gray,  ale. 

e,  long,  as  in peace,  eve. 

i,  long,  as  in fine,  ice. 

6,  long,  as  in note,  old. 

u,  long,  as  in tube,  vise. 

y,  long,  as  in style,  fly. 


SHORT   SOUNDS. 


a,  short,  as  in fat,  have. 

e,  short,  as  in end,  check. 

i,  short,  as  in ill,  fin. 

d,  short,  as  in not,  tdrrid. 

u,  short,  as  in ns,  study,  tub. 

f,  short,  as  in  .   .   .  jf  st,  trj^st,  abj?ss. 


OCCASIONAL   SOUNDS. 


a,  as  in 

fi,  Italian,  as  in  .   .    . 

a,  as  in 

a,  broad,  as  in  .  .  . 
a,  like  short  5,  as  in 
e,  like  a,  as  in  .  .  . 
e,  like  a,  as  in     .   . 


e,  as  m 


I,  like  long  e,  as  in 
i,  like  e,  as  in    .   . 


.  air,  ^re,  pair, 
arm,  father,  far. 
ask,  pass,  dance, 
all,  talk,  swarm. 
.  what,  wander, 
ere,  heir,  where. 
.  .  .  eight,  prey. 
.  verge,  ermine. 
.  .  pique,  police, 
thirsty,  irksome. 


6,  like  short  ii,  as  in  .  .  .  .  d6ne,  sdn. 
0,  like  long  o^,  as  in  .  .  .  .  dg,  move. 
9,  like  short  ob,  as  in  .  WQlf,  WQman. 
6,  like  broad  a,  as  in   .   .  order,  stork, 

oO,  as  in mo?>n,  foI>d. 

do,  as  in book,  wool,  foot. 

]i,  preceded  by  r,  as  in  .  .  r^ide,  rjiral. 
u,  like  short  do,  as  in  .  full,  put,  push. 
ft,  as  in firge,  biirn,  fftrl. 


oi*,  oy*,  as  in 


REGULAR   DIPHTHONGAL   SOUNDS. 

.   .   .  oil,  toy.  I  ou*,  ow*,  as  in 


out,  owl. 


CONSOI^ABiXS. 


<j,  soft,  like  s,  sharp,  as  in  .  (jede,  <jite. 
«,  hard,  like  k,  as  in  .  .  €all,  su-egess. 
gh,  soft,  like  sh,  as  in  ^liaise,  machine. 
«h,  hard,  like  k,  as  in  -ehorus,  epo€h. 
g,  hard,  as  in  .  .  .  get,  tiger,  begin, 
g,  soft,  like  j,  as  in  ^em,  engine,  elegy. 
g*,  sharp,  as  in  ...  same,  yes,  rest. 
g,  like  z,  as  in    .   .  hag,  amuge,  re§ide. 

♦Unmarked. 


th*,  sharp,  as  in   .    . 
th,  flat  or  vocal,  as  in 

ng*,  as  in 

n,  as  in 

X,  like  gz,  as  in    .    .    , 


thing,  breath. 
.  thine,  smooth. 

.   sing,  single. 

link,  uncle. 

exist,  example. 


ph*,  like  f,  as  in  .  .  phantom,  sylph, 
qu*,  like  kw,  as  in  .  .  .  queer,  quail, 
wh'*,  like  hw,  as  in  what,wheu,awhile. 


ABBRHVIAXIOKS. 

a.  adjective;    adv.  adverb;   n.  noun;  //.  plural;  />.  p.  participal  past;  Pr^p. 
preposition ;  v.  verb ;  v.  t.  verb  intransitive ;  v.  t.  verb  transitive. 


WORDS,  DEFINITIONS, 

AND 

DICTATION  EXERCISES, 

FOR  PRACTICE  IN 

Spelling,    Defining,  and  Writing. 


LESSON    I. 

ORXHOGRAPHY. 

Now  the  old  schoolhouse  is  banished,  like  so  many  of  its  race, 

To  the  elements  that  wrought  it  —  and  a  new  one  holds  its  place; 

And  the  spellers  write  their  words  down,  with  a  chance  their  parents  lacked. 

For  as  Bacon  hints,  "  'Tis  writing  that  must  make  a  man  exact."— Car/^^ow. 


a€'-§eiit,  n.  Stress  of  voice  on  one  syl- 
lable of  a  word  more  than  another. 

af -fix,  n.  A  syllable  added  to  the  end 
of  a  word. 

al'-pha-bet,  n.  The  letters  of  a  lan- 
guage arranged  in  the  customary 
order. 

€dii'-so-nant,  «.  An  articulate  sound 
usually  combined  and  uttered  with  a 
vowel  sound. 

de-riv'-a-tiye,  «.  A  word  formed  from 
another  word. 

di-a-erit'-i€-al  marks,  n.  pi.  Marks 
used  to  indicate  the  sounds  of  letters, 
and  aid  in  pronunciation. 

^'-graph,  n.  A  union  of  two  vowels 
in  one  syllable  and  one  sounded. 

diph'-thong  (dif -thong),  n.  Union  of 
two  vowel  sounds  in  one  syllable. 

dis-syF-la-ble,  «.  A  word  of  two  syl- 
lables. 


mon'-o-syl-Ia-ble,  n.    Word  of  one  syl- 
lable. 

or'-tho-e-py,  n.     Correct  pronunciation 
of  words. 

6r-thog'-ra-phy,  n.      Naming  the  let- 
ters of  a  word  in  their  order. 

poF-y-sf  1-la-ble,  n.     A  word  of  four  or 
more  syllables. 

pre'-f ix,  n.     A  syllable  placed  before 
a  word. 

prim'-i-tive,  n.     Not  derived  from  any 

other  word. 
tri'-graph,  n.     A  union  of  thre^  vowels 

in  a  syllable  representing  a  single 

sound. 
tri-syF-la-ble,  n.     A  word  of  three  syl- 
lables. 
s;f  I'-la-ble,  n.  A  letter  or  letters  uttered 

at  a  single  impulse  of  the  voice. 
vow'-el,  n.     A  letter  uttered  at  a  single 

impulse  of  the  voice. 
word,  n.     The  sign  of  an  idea,  either 

written,  printed,  or  spoken. 


10 


.BUSINESS  SERIES. 


LESSON   2. 


IMCTAXIONf  KXKRCISH. 


There  they  stood,  like  young  globe  batters,  with  no  salary  enriched, 

Waiting  for  the  words  momentous  that  the  dexterous  teacher  pitched. 

And  he  hurled  the  first  one  at  them,  like  a  nicely  twisted  ball. 

While  the  catcher  just  behind  them  was  the  homy-handed  wall ; 

The  first  boy  struck  and  missed  it,  and  his  face  was  deeply  vexed 

As  the  teacher  scowled  a  cyclone,  and  vociferated  "  next." 

Then  a  fair-haired  maiden  tried  it  with  some  sympathetic  aid, 

And  avoiding  certain  blunders  that  her  predecessor  made ; 

But  she  happened,  too,  to  wander  from  the  orthographic  text. 

And  the  teacher  smiled  in  pity,  as  he  softly  murmured  "  next." 

Then  a  cross-eyed  boy  struck  at  it,  who  to  this  day  spells  by  ear. 

And  a  red-haired  girl  attacked  it,  with  her  pale  eyes  full  of  fear, 

And  the  word  flew  on,  till  one  boy,  very  ignorant  but  sharp-eyed. 

Spelled  it  by  the  only  method  that  had  not  as  yet  been  tried. 

Then  the  teacher  smiled  approval,  and  with  satisfaction  said, 

"  That  is  right,  my  studious  scholar,  you  can  go  up  to  the  head. " —  Carle  ton. 


LESSON    3. 


^^-ORDS  ITSBD  IIi(  BUSII9BSS. 


No  man  is  born  into  the  world,  whose  work  is  not  born  with  him  ;  there  is  always  work  and 
tools  to  work  withal,  for  those  who  vi\\\.— Lowell. 


a€-§ept'-aii§e,  n.     Bill  of    exchange, 

when  accepted. 
a€-«rSd'-it,  v.  t.    To  give  confidence 

or  trust  to. 
a€-enie%  v.  i.  To  increase ;  to  augment. 
a«-«u'-mn-Iate,  v.  t.      To   collect    or 

bring  together. 
ad-Ter'-tige-ment,      or      ad-ver-tige'- 

meut,  n.     A  public  notice. 
ad-vig'-a-ble,  a.     Prudent. 
a-man-u-Sn'-sis,  n.      One  who  writes 

what  another  dictates,  or  copies  what 

another  has  written. 
a-mass%  v.  t.    To  accumulate. 
as-sign-ee',  n.      One  to  whom  an  as- 
signment is  made. 
bink'-rftpt-^y,  n.    The  state  of  being 

insolvent. 


bar'-gaiu,  n.  A  gainful  or  satisfac- 
tory transaction. 

bar'-ter,  v.  t.    To  exchange. 

bo-nan'-za,  n.  Any  successful  ven- 
ture. 

bdnd,  n.  The  writing  by  which  a  per- 
son binds  himself  to  pay  a  certain 
sum  of  money  by  a  given  date,  under 
certain  conditions. 

b\ir-le-tin,  n.     Official  report. 

bijl'-lioii,  n.     Uncoined  silver  or  gold. 

bugi'-iiess  (biz'-nes),  n.  Employ- 
ment; occupation. 

bfis'-tle?  n.     Great  stir. 

bug'-y  (biz-y),  a.    Not  at  leisure. 

■eap'-i-tal-i8t,  n.  A  man  who  has  cap- 
ital or  stock  in  trade ;  usually  a  man 
of  large  property. 


SPELLING  AND  DEFINING. 


11 


LESSON   4. 

iBVords  used  In  Business. 

"  Our  thoughts  are  ever  forming  our  characters,  and  whatever  they  are  most  absorbed  in  will 
tinge  our  lives." 


■ear'-go,  n.     Load;  freight. 

€ash-ier',  n.  One  who  has  charge  of 
money. 

■char'-a€:-ter,  n.  The  estimate  which 
is  put  upon  a  person  or  thing. 

charge'-a-ble,  a.  Capable  of  being 
charged. 

cheat,  V.  t.    To  defraud. 

che«k,  n.  An  order  for  money,  on  a 
bank,  payable  on  sight. 

■clear-ing-house,  n.  The  place  where 
the  business  of  clearing  is  carried  on. 

€ler'-i€-al,  a.  Relating  to  a  clerk  or 
copyist. 

€6f' -fer,  n.  A  chest  or  trunk  for  keep- 
ing money  in. 

€Oin,  n.  A  piece  of  metal  on  which 
certain  characters  are  stamped,  mak- 
ing it  legally  current  as  money. 


«61-lat'-er-al,  n.  Security  given  in 
addition  to  promise. 

«5iii-bi-na'-tion,  n.  Association;  alli- 
ance. 

€6m'-mer§e,  n.  The  exchange  of  mer- 
chandise on  a  large  scale  between 
different  countries  or  places. 

■com-mer'-cial,  a.    Relating  to  trade. 

■eSm-mis'-sioii,  n.  Allowance  made  to 
an  agent  for  transacting  business. 

•€dm-mit'-tee,  n.  Persons  specially  ap- 
pointed to  manage  any  business. 

•€6m'-pa-nj^,  n.     A  corporation ;  a  firm. 

€om'-pen-sate,  v.  t.     To  remunerate. 

•eom'-pe-tent,  a.  Answering  all  re- 
quirements. 

•com-pe-ti'-tion,  n.  Common  strife  for 
the  same  object. 


LESSON   5. 

liVords  used  in  Business. 

Fortune  is  ever  seen  accompanying  industry,  and  is  as  often  trundling  in  a  wheelbarrow  as 
lolling  in  a  coach  and  svx..— Goldsmith. 


€6m-pu-ta'-tion,  n.     Reckoning. 
€dn-sigii-ee'    (-si-nee')?  n.    A  person 

to  whom  goods  are  delivered  in  trust. 
€6n-sign'-or,  n.     One  who  consigns. 
■€o-dp'-er-ate,  v.  i.   To  concur  in  action. 
«o-part'-iier-ship,  n.    A  joint  interest 

in  any  matter. 
€6r-po-ra'-tion,  n.    A  body  politic,  al- 
lowed by  law  to  act  as  an  individual. 
•eouu'-ter-feit,  n.      A  likeness;  an  im- 

poster. 
€on'-poii,  n.     An    interest    certificate 

attached  to  a  bond. 
•ere-den'-tials,  n.   pi.       That    which 

gives  credit. 
■ered'-it-or,  n.      One  who  credits  or 

trusts. 


■eur'-ren-§y,  n.  That  which  is  given 
or  taken  as  representing  value. 

■eus'-tom-house,  n.  The  house  where 
duties  are  paid 

dam'-age,  n.     Injury ;  loss  of  value. 

deal'-er,  n.     One  who  deals  or  trades. 

debt'-or,  n.     One  who  owes  another. 

def -al-ea-tor,  n.  One  who  embezzles 
money  left  in  his  care. 

de-fault'-er,  n.  One  who  fails  to  ac- 
count for  public  money  left  in  his 
care. 

de-fi'-cien-^y,  n.  Inadequacy;  im- 
perfection. 

de-fray',  v.  t.     To  pay  or  discharge. 

de  pre'-ci-ate  (-shi-ate),  v.  i.  To  fall 
in  value. 


12 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


LESSON    6. 


l^ords  used  In  Business. 


In  human  life  there  is  constant  change  of  fortune,  and  it  is  unreasonable  to  expect  an  exemp- 
tion from  the  common  fate.    I^ife  itself  decay's,  and  all  things  are  daily  changing— Pluiarch. 

dis-bftrse',  v.  t. 


To  pay  out. 

dis-€rep'-an-§y,  n.  Variance ;  incon- 
sistency. 

dis-hdn'-est, «.     Faithless;  fraudulent. 

draw-ee',  n.  One  on  whom  an  order 
or  bill  of  exchange  is  drawn. 


draw'-er, 


One  who  draws  a  bill  of 


exchange. 

el'-e-ya-tor,  n.  A  mechanical  contriv- 
ance for  lifting  persons  or  freight  to 
an  upper  floor. 

em-bez'-zle,  v.  t.  To  appropriate  by 
breach  of  trust. 

em'-is-sa-ry,  n.  A  person  sent  on  a 
private  mission. 


em-ploy- e',  n.     One  who  is  employed. 
em-pa'-ri-rim,  n.     Center  of  an  exten- 
sive trade. 


An  undertaking. 

To  found. 
Accuracy;  precision. 

To   give   and   take; 


eu'ter  prise,  «. 
es-tab'-lisli,  v.  t. 
ex-a«t'-iiess,  n. 
ex-change',  v.  t, 

to  swap. 

ex-peiise',  n.    Outlay ;  cost. 
ex'-port,  n.   A  commodity  sent  abroad. 
fi-nanee'  (-naus),  n.  Revenue ;  income. 
fin-an-^ier',  n.     One  who  is  skilled  in 

money  matters. 
firm,  n.     Partnership. 
flu€:'-tu-ate,  v.  i.     To  be  wavering  or 

unsteady. 


LESSON    7. 

l^ords  used  In  Business. 

Yet  still  there  whispers  the  small  voice  within, 
Heard  through  gain's  silence  and  o'er  glory's  din: 
Whatever  creed  be  taught  or  land  be  trod, 
Man's  conscience  is  the  oracle  of  God. — Byron. 


f5r'-eign,  a.     Not  native ;  remote. 
for'-feit,  V.  t.     To  lose  the  right  to,  by 

some  misdeed,  fault  or  offense. 
for'-ger-y,  n.     Producing  an  imitation, 

to  deceive  or  defraud. 
fraiid'-u-leiit,  a.    Containing  fraud. 
freight,  n.     Cargo. 
gran'-tee',  n.     One  to  whom  a  grant  is 

made. 


gr&nt'-or, 


One  by  whom  a  grant  is 


made. 
guar-an-tee',  v.  t.      To  make  sure ;  to 

warrant. 
hSii'-est-y,  «.     Trustiness;  integrity. 
Im-p6rt%  V.  t.     To  bring  from  abroad. 


iii-a€'-«u-ra-^y,  n.     Mistake;  error. 

iii"C6m'-pe-teiit,  a.    Insufficient;  unfit. 

iii-€or-rS-et',  ^.     Inaccurate;  faulty. 

in-€rease',  v.  t.    To  extend ;  to  spread. 

ill  debt'-ed,  a.     Under  obligation. 

in-dgm'-iii-fy,  v.  t.    To  make  good. 

iii-d6ii'-ture,  n.  A  mutual  agreement 
in  writing. 

in-dor-see',  n.  The  person  to  whom  a 
note  or  bill  is  indorsed  or  assigned 
by  indorsement. 

in-dors'  er,  n.  The  person  wIk*  in- 
dorses 

In-dtts'-tri-ofis,  a.  Diligent  in  misincss 
or  study. 


SPELLING  AND  DEFINING. 


13 


LESSON   8. 
VITords  used  in  Business. 

Next  to  knowing  when  to  seize  an  opportunity,  the  most  important  thing  in  life  is  to  know 
when  to  forego  an  advantage. 


D^  Israeli. 

in-soF-yeii-^y,  n.     Without  means  to 

discharge  debts. 
in-teg'-ri-ty,  n.    Honesty. 
in'-yen-to-ry,  n.    A  list  or  account  of 

goods  and  chattels. 
in-yest'-ment,  n.    Laying  out  of  money 

in  property  of  a  permanent  nature. 
in'-yoige,  v,  t.     To  insert  in  a  priced 

list. 
j6b'-ber,  n.     One  who  buys  goods  from 

importers  and  sells  to  retailers. 
joint'-ly,  adv.     Together. 
les-see',  n.     One  to  whom  a  lease  is 

given. 
lu'-€re,  n.     Gain  in  money  or  goods. 
mam'-mou,  «.     Riches;  wealth. 
mSr'-g'in,  n.     Difference  between  the 

cost  and  selling  price  of  an  article. 

LESSON    9. 
'Words  used  in  Business. 

"  Be  not  amazed  at  life.     'Tis  still 
The  mode  of  God  with  his  elect, 
Their  hopes  exactly  to  fulfill, 
In  times  and  ways  they  least  expect 

mo-n6p'-o-Iist,  n.  One  who  takes  the 
whole  of  anything. 

ne-go'-ti-a-ble  (-go-shi-),  a.  Transfer- 
a.ble  by  endorsement  to  another  per- 
son. 

ni-ek'-el,  «.  A  coin;  a  grejrish  white 
metal,  very  ductile  and  malleable. 

Sp-er-a'-tion,  n.    Mode  of  action. 

dp'-er-a-tor,  n.  One  who  produces  an 
effect. 

5p'-u-len§e,  n.     Wealth,  aflauence. 

par'-§el,  n.    A  small  package. 

part'-ner,  n.     One  who  acts,  suffers  or 

enjoys  with  another.  stratagem. 

pat'-ent,  «.     A  writing  securing  exclu-      po§-§es'-sioii,  «. 
sive  right  to  a  person.  in  one's  power. 


ma-tu'-ri-ty,  n.     Arrival  of  the  time 

fixed  for  payment. 
mer'-can-tile,  a.     Buying  and  selling 

of  commodities 
mer'-§e-na-ry,  a.     Governed  by  greed- 
iness of  gain. 
mer'-chan-dige,  n.      The    objects   of 

commerce. 
meth'-od,  n.     A  regular  way  of  doing 

anything 
met-ro-poF-i-tan,  a.      Belonging  to  a 

metropolis. 
mil'-li-ner-y,  n.    Articles    sold    by    a 

milliner. 
mil-lion -aire',  «.     One  whose  wealth 

is  counted  by  millions. 
mis-§el-la'-ne-ous,  a.      Consisting   of 

several  kinds. 


pa'-tron,  n.  One  who  supports  or  pro- 
tects. 

pay'-a-ble,  a.    Justly  due. 

pay-ee',  n.  The  person  to  whom  mon- 
ey is  to  be  paid. 

pay'-er,  n.    One  who  pays. 

pe-€u'-ni-ous,  a.     Full  of  money. 

pen'-sion,  n.  An  annual  allowance 
given  from  the  public  treasury. 

per-suade'  (-swad),  v.  t.  To  influence 
by  argument. 

pe-ti'-tion,  n.    A  request,  an  entreaty. 

pledge,  V.  t.    To  give  as  security. 

p61'  i-§y,   «.     System  of  management ; 


Ownership;  having 


14 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


LESSON    10. 

^Words  used  in  Business. 

Be  noble  ;  and  the  nobleness  that  lies 
In  other  men  sleeping,  but  never  dead, 
Will  rise  in  majesty  to  meet  thine  own, 


pre'-mi-iim,  n.  A  prize  to  be  won  by 
competition ;  something  given  for  the 
loan  of  money. 

pr5m'-is-S0-ry,  a.  Containing  a  prom- 
ise of  something  to  be  done. 

pro-por'-tlon,  n.  Symmetrical  distri- 
bution. 

prSp-o-gi'-tion,  n.     Offer  of  terms. 

pro-pri'-e-tor,  n.     An  owner. 

pr6s'-per-ous,  a.     Successful. 

pun€t'-U-al,  a.  Adhering  to  the  exact 
time  of  an  appointment. 

pftr'-clias-a-ble,  a.  Capable  of  being 
bought. 

qual'-i-f  ied,  a.  Fitted  by  accomplish- 
ments. 

ras-caF-l-ty,  n.     Base  fraud. 


Lowell. 

rea'-gon-a-ble,  a.  Within  due  limits; 
just. 

re-bate',  v.  t.     To  deduct  from. 

re-§eipt'  (-seet),  n.  Acknowledgment 
of  payment. 

re-§eiy'-er,  n.  One  who  receives  or 
takes. 

re«-om-meiid',  v.  t.  To  put  in  a  fa- 
vorable light  before  anyone. 

re-e'-om-pense,  n.  Reward ;  compen- 
sation. 

re-e'-ti-f  y,  v.  t.     To  make  right. 

re-deem'-a-ble,  a.  Purchasable  or  pay- 
able in  gold  and  silver. 

rSf-er-ee',  n.  One  to  whom  a  thing  is 
referred. 

re-li'-a-ble,  a.     Trustworthy. 


LESSON    II. 

^^rords  used  in  Business. 

Sum  up  at  night  what  thou  hast  done  by  day, 
And  in  the  morning  what  thou  hast  to  do. 
Dress  and  undress  thy  sovX.— Herbert. 


The  sum   or  thing 
An   equivalent 


re-mit'-tan^e,  n. 

remitted. 

re-mu-ner-a'-tion,  n. 

given  for  service. 
re-s6nr^e%  n.     Funds;  dependence. 
re-spS€'-ti  ve-ly ,  adv.  Relating  to  each. 
re-spdn'-si-ble,  a.     Accountable. 
r^s-tl-tu'-tion,  n.     Making  good  a  loss 

or  injury. 
8S«'-re-ta-ry,    n.     One    employed    to 

write  letters,  etc.,  and  transact  other 

business. 
saF-a-ble,  a.    In  good  demand. 
sil'-a-ry,  n.     The  amount  agreed  upon, 

to  be  paid  for  one's  services. 
Saleg'-man,  «.  One  who  sells  anything. 


S€h6d'-ule  (sked'-yul),  n.  A  docu- 
ment, list,  or  catalogue. 

scheme,  n.     A  design ;  a  project. 

se-eii'-ri-ty,  n.  One  who  becomes 
surety  for  another. 

seiz'-a-ble,  a.     Liable  lo  be  taken. 

shll'-Ilngr,  n.  An  English  coin  equal 
to  twelve  pence. 

ship'-ment,  n.  Goods  that  are  shipped. 

slirewd'-ly  (shrud'-iy),  adv.  With 
good  guess ;  sagaciously. 

shrink'-a^e,  «.  Reduction  in  bulk  or 
dimensions  of  anything. 

851'- vent,  a.  Able  to  pay  all  just  debts. 

stew'-ard  (stu-),  «.  An  officer  of  a 
boat,  church,  or  college. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


15 


LESSON    12. 
>iVords  used  In  Business. 

We  worldly  men,  when  we  see  friends  and  kinsmen 
Past  hope  sunk  in  their  fortunes,  lend  no  hand 
To  lift  them  up,  but  rather  set  our  feet 
Upon  their  heads  to  press  them  to  the  bottom." 


sti'-pend,  n.     Settled  pay  for  services. 

stip'-u-late,  v.  /.     To  settle  terms. 

stock,  n.    Money  invested  in  business. 

su-e-§ess'-ful,  a.  Prosperous ;  fortunate. 

s^ire'-ty  (sh^r-),  n.    A  bondsman. 

swin'-dler,  n.    A  cheat. 

tax-a'-tion,  «.  A  system  of  raising 
revenue. 

tes-ti-mo'-ni-al,  n.  A  writing  which 
testifies  in  favor  of  one's  good  con- 
duct. 

t6n'-na^e,  n.  The  whole  amount  of 
shipping  estimated  by  tons. 

traf -f  !€,  «,     Commerce ;  trade. 

traiis-ac'-tion,  n.  Performance  of  any 
business. 


trib'-ute,  n.  A  personal  contribution 
made  in  token  of  services  rendered. 

un-for'-tu-iiate,  a.     Unlucky. 

iin-prof -it-able,  a.  Useless;  not 
profitable. 

va'-eaii-§y,  n.  A  place  or  post  to  be 
filled. 

yaF-u-a-ble,  a.     Having  value. 
yal'-ne,  n.     Rate  or  estimated  worth. 
ware'-house,  «.      A  store  house  for 

goods. 
war'-rant,  ^.  /.     To  indemnify  against 

loss. 
wealtli'-y,  a.    Rich. 


LESSON    13. 
MCXAXION  KXHRCISK. 

Literature,  the  ministry,  medicine,  the  law  and  other  occupations,  are 
cramped  and  hindered  for  want  of  men  to  do  the  work,  not  want  of  work  to  do. 
When  people  tell  you  the  reverse  they  speak  that  which  is  not  true.  If  you  de- 
sire to  test  this  you  need  only  hunt  up  a  first-class  editor,  reporter,  business  man- 
ager, foreman  of  a  shop,  mechanic,  or  artist  in  any  branch  of  industry,  and  try  to 
hire  him.  You  will  find  that  he  is  already  hired.  He  is  sober,  industrious, 
capable  and  reliable,  and  is  always  in  demand.  He  cannot  get  a  day's  holiday 
except  by  courtesy  of  his  employer  or  of  his  city,  or  of  the  great  general  public. 
But  if  you  need  idlers,  shirkers,  half-instructed,  unambitious  and  comfort-seeking 
editors,  reporters,  lawyers,  doctors,  and  mechanics,  apply  anywhere. —  Mark 
Twain. 


LESSON    14. 

Formerly,  when  great  fortunes  were  only  made  in  war,  war  was  a  business 
great  fortunes  are  only  made  by  business,  business  is  -wsir.—Bovee. 

a-ban'-don,  v.  t. 

to  renounce. 
ab-bre'-Ti-ate,  v. 
ab'-di-«ate,  v.  t. 

nounce. 


but  now,  when 


To  forsake   wholly; 

/.     To  shorten. 

To  cast  off;    to  re- 


a-bove'-board,  adv.    Without  trick  or 

deception. 
a-bridge',  v.  t.    To  diminish. 
a€-§ept',  V.  i.     To  receive  with  favor. 
a-c-§ess'  or  a€'-§ess,  n.    Admittance. 


16 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


a-e-§Sss'-i-ble,  a.     Approachable. 
a€-quire',  v.  i.      To  gain ;  to  procure. 
a€'-tu-al,  a.     Truly  and  absolutely  so. 
ad-ap-ta'-tion,  n.    The  act  of  fitting. 
ad-lie'-sive,  a.    Sticking  to. 
ad-mit'-tan^e,  n.    Permission  to  enter. 
a-d5pt',  V.  t.   To  receive  as  one's  own. 
a-duF-ter-ate,  v.   t.      To  corrupt  by 
mixture. 


ad-van'-tage,  n.  Favorable  circum- 
stances. 

a-e'-ri-al,  a.     Belonging  to  the  air. 

ae-rie  (e'-ry),  n.  A  nest  of  a  bird  of 
prey. 

Theory  of' taste. 
Fond;  loving. 


8es-thet'-i«s,  "I  ^ 
es-thet'-i€s,  / 
af-f  e€'-tiou-ate,  a. 


LESSON    15. 

VOCATIONS. 

The  highest  excellence  is  seldom  attained  in  more  than  one  vocation.  The  roads  leading  to 
distinction  in  separate  pursuits  diverge,  and  the  nearer  we  approach  the  one,  the  farther  we 
recede  from  the  other.— ^oz/*?^. 


a'-er-o-nant,  n.    A  balloonist. 

ap-pren'-ti§e,  n.  One  bound  to  a  per- 
son to  learn  his  trade  or  art. 

ar'-elii-te-et,  n.  One  skilled  in  the  art 
of  building. 

ar'-ti-§an,  n.     A  skilled  mechanic. 

au-e-tion-eer',  n.  One  who  sells  goods 
at  public  sale. 

au'-di-tor,  n.  An  examiner  of  accounts. 

i)r6'-ker,  n.  One  who  transacts  busi- 
ness for  another. 

■eiir'-pen-ter,  n.  An  artificer  who  works 
in  timber. 

«a'-ter-er,  «.   A  provider  of  provisions. 

■cloth'-ier  (-yer),  n.      One  who  sells 


cloth  or  clothing. 


€om-pd§'-i-tor,  n.     One  who  sets  type. 

•eus-to'-di-an,  n.  A  keeper  or  superin- 
tendent. 

ed'-i-tor,  n.  One  who  prepares  or  re- 
vises matter  for  publication. 

en-gi-neer',  n.  One  who  manages  an 
engine. 

gla'-zier  (-zhur),  n.  One  who  sets  glass. 

hand'-i-€raft,  «•     Manual  occupation. 

jan'-i-tor,  n.     A  doorkeeper;  a  porter. 

ma-§hin'-ist,  n.  One  versed  in  the 
principles  of  machines. 

me-€han'-i-e,  n.  One  who  works  with 
instruments. 

ty-p6g'-ra-pher  (or  tj^-),  n.    A  printer. 


LESSON    16. 
DICTAXIOIN  HXHRCISE. 

He  was  one  of  those  men  who  achieve 

So  little  because  of  the  much  they  conceive. 

He  knocked  at  each  one 

Of  the  door-ways  of  life,  and  abided  in  none. 

His  course  by  each  star  that  would  cross  it  was  set, 

And  whatever  he  did  he  was  sure  to  regret. 

The  man  who  seeks  one  thing  in  life,  and  but  one. 

May  hope  to  achieve  it  before  life  be  done; 

But  he  who  seeks  all  things,  wherever  he  goes, 

Only  reaps  from  the  hopes  which  around  him  he  sows 

A  harvest  of  barren  regrets.— C?w^«  Meredith, 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


17 


LESSON    17. 


I»KRTAINfIB{G  TO  SKILrl^. 


"  There  are  two  most  valuable  possessions  which  no  search-warrant  can  get  at,  which  no  exe- 
cution can  take  away,  and  which  no  reverse  of  fortune  can  destroy  ;  they  are  what  a  man  puts 
into  his  brain  —  knowledge;  and  into  his  hands  —  skill." 


a-Ml'-i-ty,  n.     Power;  skill. 

a-dept',  n.     One  skilled  in  any  art. 

a-droit',  a.  Ready  in  invention  or  ex- 
ecution. 

€a'-pa-ble,  a.    Having  ability. 

•eun'-ning,  «•     Skill;  dexterity. 

dex'-ter-ous,  a.  Expert;  skillful  in 
contrivance. 

ef-f i'  cient,  a-  Energetic  and  useful 
activity. 

ex-pert'-ness,  n.  Skill  derived  from 
practice. 

ex-pe'-ri-euQe,  n.  To  train  by  prac- 
tice ;  to  try  personally. 

fa-<jir-i-ty,  n.     Ease  in  performance. 


in-a-bil'-i-ty,  n.  Lack  of  power, 
strength  or  resources. 

in-ea'-pa-ble,  a.  Incompetent,  unfit, 
disqualified. 

kna€k,  n.  Habitual  easiness  of  per- 
formance. 

man'-age-ment,  n.    Skillful  treatment. 

ma-nip'-u-late,  v.  t.  To  operate  with 
the  hands  in  a  skillful  manner. 

ui'-^e-ty,  n.     Delicate  management. 

p6s'-si-ble,  a.     Capable  of  being  done. 

pro-fi'-cient,  a.     Well  skilled. 

skilF-ful,  a.  Able  in  management; 
well  versed. 

toF-er-a-bly,  adv.     Moderately  well. 


LESSON    18. 


HOMOPHO^OUS  l^ORDS. 

"  Of  all  the  good  things  in  this  good  world  around  us. 
The  one  most  abundantly  furnished  and  found  us 
And  which,  for  that  reason,  we  least  care  about, 
And  can  best  spare  our  friends,  is  good  counsel,  no  doubt. 


i'-bel,  ft.     The  name  of  a  man. 
a'-ble,  a.      Having  ability  or    compe- 
tency of  any  and  every  kind. 
ail,  V.  i.     To  be  sick. 
ale,  n.     A  kind  of  liquor. 

air,  «.     The  atmosphere. 
heir,  n.     One  who  inherits. 

aisle  (II),  n.     A  passage  in  a  church. 
isle,  n.     An  island. 

ant,  n.     An  insect. 

aunt,  n.     A  parent's  sister. 


al'-ter,  v.  i.    To  make  some  change  in. 
al'-tar,  n.     The  communion  table. 
as-^ent',  n.     Motion  upward. 
as-sent',  n.    Consent. 
ate,  V.  t.    Past  of  eat. 
eight,  n.     A  number. 
au'-ger,  n.    A  carpenter's  tool. 
an'-gur,  v.  t.     To  predict  or  foretell. 
awl,  n.     A  shoemaker's  tool. 
all,  a.     The  whole  quantity. 


18 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


LESSON    19. 
^woRDs  rsKD  inj  bookke:hpi?9g. 

Success  in  business  is  seldom  owing  to  uncommon  talents  or  original  power  which  is  un- 
tractable  and  self-willed,  but  to  the  greatest  degree  of  commonplace  capacity.— /Tar/iV/. 


a€-«onnt'-ant,  n.  One  emploj'-ed  or 
skilled  in  keeping  accounts. 

a€'-€ii-ra-^y,  n.     Exactness. 

ag'-gre-^ate,  n.    Whole  amount. 

an'-iin-al,  n.    Yearly. 

bal'-aii^e,  n.  The  excess  on  one  side 
added  to  the  other  to  make  equality. 

bal'-an^e-sheet,  n.  A  paper  giving  a 
summary'-  and  balance  of  accounts. 

blank,  a.     Unwritten ;  white. 

bd^k'-keep-ing,  n.  The  keeping  of  ac- 
counts. 

€Ount'-iug-house,  n.     The  room  for 

keeping  accounts. 
dai'-ly,  a.     Happening  every  day. 


day'-bd6k,  n.  An  account  book  of 
original  entries,  giving  details  of  the 
transactions. 

deb'-it,  V.  t.     To  charge  with  debt. 

doub-le  en'-try,  «.  A  mode  of  book- 
keeping in  which  two  entries  are  made. 

jour'-nal,  n.  An  account  book  in 
which  the  transactions  are  arranged 
for  posting. 

led^'-er,  n.  The  final  book  of  record 
in  business  transactions. 

sum'-ma-ry,  n.     A  general  statement. 

to'-tal,  n.     The  whole  sum  or  amount. 

sem-i-an'-nii-al,  a.    Half  yearly. 

set'-tle-ment,  n.    Payment  of  accounts. 

tri-en'-ni-al,  a.  Once  in  every  three 
years. 


LESSON    20. 

Beware  of  little  expenses;  a  small  leak  will  sink  a  great  ^\\v^.— Franklin 

A  sum  or  portion  ap- 


al-low'-an^e,  n 

pointed. 

e-eo-n5m'-i«-aI,  a.  Managing  with 
frugality. 

gs-or'-l>i-tant,  a.  Extravagant ;  excess- 
ive. 

5x-p6nd'-i-ture,  n.  A  laying  out,  as 
of  money. 

5x-pSii'-sive,  a.    Costly. 

Sx-tor'-tion,  n.     Unlawful  exaction. 

8x-trav'-a-gant,  a.  Profuse  in  expense ; 
wasteful. 

fr\i-^al'-i-ty,  «•     Prudent  economy. 

im-pr5v'-i-dent,  a.  Not  providing  for 
what  will  happen  in  the  future. 

lav'-ish,  a.     Wasteful ;  profuse. 

mi'-ger-ly,  a.    Stingy. 


iiig'-gard,  n.  A  person  meanly  close 
and  covetous ;  a  miser. 

ont-ra'-gfeous,  a.  Exceeding  the  lim- 
its of  reason. 

par-si-mo'-ui-oiis,  a.  Frugal  to  excess; 
close;  saving. 

pe-nu'-ri-ofis,  a.  Very  saving  in  the 
use  of  money. 

piii'-m6n-ey,  ft.  A  sum  of  money  al- 
lowed a  wife  for  her  private  expen- 
ses. 

prdd'-i-gal,  n.  One  who  spends  money 
extravagantly. 

pro-fuse',  rt.  Liberal  to  excess ;  lavish. 

spSnd'-thrift,  n.  One  who  spends 
money  profusely. 

stlii'-gi-ness,  n.     Extreme  avarice. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


19 


LESSON    21. 

"  Foolish  spending  is  the  father  of  poverty.  Do  not  be  ashamed  of  hard 
work.  Work  for  the  best  salary  or  wages  you  can  get,  but  work  for  half  price 
rather  than  be  idle.  Be  your  own  master,  and  do  not  let  society  or  fashion  swal- 
low up  your  individuality  —  hat,  coat,  and  boots.  Do  not  eat  up  nor  wear  all  you 
can  earn.  Compel  your  selfish  body  to  spare  something  for  profit  saved.  Be 
stingy  to  your  own  appetite,  but  merciful  to  others'  necessities.  Help  others, 
and  ask  no  help  yourself.  See  that  you  are  proud.  Let  your  pride  be  of  the 
right  kind.  Be  too  proud  to  be  lazy ;  too  proud  to  give  up  without  conquering 
every  difficulty ;  too  proud  to  wear  a  coat  you  cannot  afford  to  buy ;  too  proud 
to  be  in  such  company  that  you  cannot  keep  up  with  expenses;  too  proud  to  lie 
or  steal,  or  cheat;  too  proud  to  be  stingy." 


LESSON    22. 

MISCEI^I^ANKOUS. 

Study  yourselves,  and  most  of  all,  note  well 

Wherein  kind  nature  invites  you  to  excel. — Longfellow. 


a'-li-as,  adv.     Otherwise  called. 
al-lay',  v.  t.     To  abate ;  to  subside. 
al-le'-Yi-ate,  v.  t.    To  make  light  or 

easy  to  be  borne. 
al-loy',  n.     A  baser  metal  mixed  with 

a  finer. 
al'-ter-nate,  v.  t.  To  perform  by  turns. 
al-to-geth'-er,  adv.  With  united  action. 
am-W-tion,  n.      Desire  for  office  or 

honor,  success  or  fame. 
an'-i-mate,  v.  t.    To  give  life  to. 
an-nex-a'-tion,  n.    Addition;  union. 
an-nouiiQe'-ment,  n.      Giving  public 

notice. 
ap-par'-ent,  a.  Plain ;  easy  to  be  seen. 


ar-ti-fi'-cial  (-fish'-al),  a.    Not  genu- 
ine. 

a-sy'-Ium,  n.     A  place  of  retreat  and 
security. 

at-tacli',  V.  t.      To  bind,  fasten  or  tie. 

at-tempt',  v.  z.      To  make  an  effort  or 
endeavor. 

at'-tri-bute,  n.     An  essential  or  neces- 
sary property  or  characteristic. 

ben-e-f  i'-cial  (-fish'-al),  a.    Profitable. 

bev'-er-a^e,  n.    A  drink. 

bom-bast'-ic,  a.    Inflated ;  big  without 
meaning. 

brick'-kiln,  n. 
brick. 


A   kiln    for  burning 


LESSON    23. 

DRY  GOODS. 

And  why  take  ye  thought  for  raiment  ?    Consider  the  lilies  of  the  field,  how  they  grow;  they 
toil  not;  neither  do  they  spin.—  Bible. 


al-pa-e'-a,  n.  A  thin  kind  of  cloth  made 
of  the  wool  of  the  alpaca. 

ban-dan'-iia,  n.  A  kind  of  silk  or  cot- 
ton handkerchief. 

■cal'-i-^o,  n.     Cotton  cloth. 

€am'-bri-e,  n.  A  fine,  thin,  white  fabric 
of  flax  or  linen. 


■cash'-mere,  n.    A  fine  woolen  dress 

goods. 
■eas'-si-mere,  n.  A  thin,  twilled  woolen 

cloth  for  men's  garments. 
■eor'-du-roy,  n.     A  thick,  cotton  stuff, 

corded  or  ribbed  on  the  surface. 


20 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


flan'-ue],  n.     A  woolen  cloth  of  loose 

texture. 
ging'-ham,  n.    A  kind  of  cotton  cloth, 

the  yam  of  which  is  colored  before  it 

is  woven. 

hand'-ker-chief,  «.     A   cloth  carried 
for  wiping  the  face  and  hands. 

miig'-liii,  n.    A  thin,  cotton  cloth  of 

any  kind. 

me-ri'-noj  n.     A  thin  fabric  of  merino 

wool  for  ladies'  wear. 
par'-a-sdl,  n.     A  small  umbrella  used 

by  ladies  to  protect  them  from  the 

rays  of  the  sun. 
rib'-bou,  «.    A  narrow  web  of  silk. 


sk^in,  n.  A  quantity  of  yam  or  silk 
taken  from  the  reel. 

tap'-Ss-try,  n.  A  kind  of  woven  hang- 
ing of  wool  or  silk. 

um-brer-la,  n.  A  shade  carried  in  the 
hand  to  shelter  one  from  the  sun, 
rain  or  snow. 

ya-Ien-^i-ennes',  n.  A  rich  kind  of 
lace. 

yeF-vet,  n.  A  soft  material  woven  from 
silk,  or  silk  and  cotton  mixed,  having 
short  thread  or  pile  on  the  surface. 

wad'-ding,  n.  Sheets  of  carded  cotton 
for  padding  garments. 

W8'-ter-pro?^f,  n.  A  kind  of  doth  im- 
pervious to  water. 


LESSON   24. 
DICTAXION  HXKRCISH. 

Stick  to  your  legitimate  business.  Do  not  go  into  outside  operations.  Few 
men  have  brains  enough  for  more  than  one  business.  To  dabble  in  stocks,  to  put 
a  few  thousand  dollars  into  a  mine,  and  a  few  more  into  a  manufactory,  and  a 
few  more  into  an  invention,  is  enough  to  ruin  any  man.  Be  content  with  fair 
returns.  I)o  not  become  greedy.  Do  not  think  that  men  are  happy  in  propor- 
tion as  they  are  rich,  and  therefore  do  not  aim  too  high.  Be  content  with  mod- 
erate wealth.  Make  friends.  A  time  will  come  when  all  the  money  in  the  world 
will  not  be  worth  to  you  so  much  as  one  good,  staunch  friend. —  Beecher. 


LESSON    25. 

PHIl.TAI]NI]KO  TO  CI^OTHIISG. 

Costly  thy  habit  as  thy  purse  can  buy,  but  not  expressed  in  fancy  ;  rich,  not  gaudy ;  for  the 
apparel  oft  proclaims  the  ra&n..— Shakespeare. 


ap-par'-el,  n.     Garments;  dress. 

bal-m5r'-al,  n.  A  kind  of  figured  pet- 
ticoat. 

b6n'-n8t,  n.    A  covering  for  the  head. 

•era- vat',  n.  A  piece  of  fine  cloth  worn 
by  men  around  the  neck. 

5m-broid'-er-y,  n.  Ornamental  deco- 
ration. 

f&sh'-ion-a-ble,  a.  Dressed  according 
to  the  prevailing  fashion. 


f  ich'-fl,  n.  A  light  pointed  cape  worn 
by  ladies,  usually  made  of  lace. 

ma-te'-ri-al,  «.  The  substance  of 
which  anything  is  made. 

o'-yer-ftlls,  n.  pi.  Loose  trousers  worn 
over  others  to  protect  them  from  be- 
ing soiled. 

pln'-a-f  ore,  «.    A  child's  apron. 
rai'-ment,  n.    Clothing. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


21 


shawl, 


A  loose   covering  for    the 


neck  and  shoulders. 
slip'-per,   n.       A  kind  of  light  shoe 

which  may  be  slipped  on  with  ease. 
sery'-i^e-a-ble,  a.   Prepared  for  giving 

good  service. 
sns-pend'-er§,  «.  pi.     Straps  worn  for 

holding  up  pantaloons. 
toi'-let,  n.     Mode  of  dressing. 


trous-seau'  (troD-so'),  n.  The  outfit 
of  a  lady  when  about  to  be  married, 
including  clothes,  etc. 

trou'-§er§,  n.  pi.  A  loose  garment  worn 
by  males,  covering  the  lower  limbs. 

YOgue,  n.  The  fashion  of  people; 
temporary  mode. 

waist'-coat,  «.    A  vest. 


LESSON    26. 

But  you  who  seek  to  give  and  merit  fame 

And  justly  bear  a  critic's  noble  name, 

Be  sure  yourself  and  your  own  reach  to  know, 

How  far  your  genius,  taste  and  learning  go. — Pope. 


aught  (awt),  n.     Anything;  any  part. 
ought  (awt),  auxiliary  v.     Should. 


bail,  n. 
bale,  n. 


Security. 

A  large  bundle. 


ball,  n.    A  globe. 

bawl,  V.  i.    To  cry  noisily. 

base,  n.     The  foundation. 
bass  or  base,  n.    The  lowest  part  in 
music. 

bell,  n.     A  resounding  metallic  vessel. 
belle,  n.     A  beautiful  young  lady  and 
much  admired. 


blew  (blu),  V.  t.     Past  of  blow. 
blue,  n.     A  color;  azure. 

been  (bin),  v.  i.     Past  of  be. 
bin,   n.      A  kind  of  box  or  enclosed 
space. 


A  branch  of  a  tree. 
To  bend. 

A  lady's  attendant  or 


bough  (bou),  n. 
bow  (bou),  V.  t. 

beau  (bo),  n. 

suitor. 
bow  (bo),  n.     A  weapon ;   doubling  of 

a  string  in  a  knot. 

bread,  n,     A  kind  of  baked  food. 
bred,  v.  i.     Trained;  educated. 


LESSON    27. 

What  stronger  breast-plate  than  a  heart  untainted  ? 

Thrice  is  he  arm'd  that  hath  his.quarrel  just ; 

And  he  but  naked,  though  lock'd  in  steel, 

Whose  conscience  with  injustice  is  corrupted.—  Shakespeare. 


adz,  n.   A  carpenter's  tool  for  chipping. 
an'-vil,  n.     An  iron  block  upon  which 

metals  are  hammered  and  shaped. 
au'-ger-bit,  n.    A  bit  with  a  cutting 

edge  or  blade  like  that  of  an  auger. 
ax'-le,  «.    A  transverse  bar  connecting 

the  hubs  of  the  opposite  wheels  of  a 

car  or  carriage. 


bu-c'-kle,  n.  An  instrument,  usually 
of  metal,  consisting  of  a  rim  with  a 
movable  tongue  or  catch,  used  for 
fastening  things  together. 

chi§'-el,  n.  An  iron  or  steel  instrument, 
sharpened  to  a  cutting  edge  at  the  end. 

•eol'-an-der,  n.  A  vessel  with  a  perfo- 
rated bottom. 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


fau'-^et,  n.  A  fixture  for  drawing 
liquid  from  a  cask  or  vessel. 

fer'-riile  (fer'-ril),  n.  A  ring  of  metal 
put  around  a  cane,  tool  handle,  etc., 
to  prevent  splitting. 

ham'-mer,  n.  An  instrument  for  driv- 
ing nails,  consisting  of  a  metal  head 
fixed  crosswise  to  a  handle. 

liam'-mo-ek,  n.  A  kind  of  hanging  bed. 

hatch'-et,  n.  A  small  ax  with  a  short 
handle,  to  be  used  with  one  hand. 

i'-ron  (i'-ftrn),  n.  One  of  the  metallic 
elements,  hard,  and  very  malleable 
when  hot ;  it  is  the  most  useful  of  all 
metals. 


knife,  «.  An  instrument  usually  con- 
sisting of  a  thin  blade  of  steel,  with  a 
sharp  edge,  fastened  to  a  handle. 

knfib  (ndb),  n.     Part  of  a  lock. 

kn6€k'-er,  n.  A  kind  of  hammer  fast- 
ened to  a  door,  to  be  used  in  seeking 
admittance. 

latch,  n.  A  small  piece  of  iron  or 
wood  used  to  fasten  a  door. 

le'-yer  or  ley'-er,  n.  A  bar  of  metal, 
wood  or  other  substance,  used  to  exert 
a  pressure  or  sustain  a  weight. 

mat'-to-ek,  n.  A  kind  of  a  pick-ax 
having  the  iron  ends  broad  instead  of 
pointed. 

m6nk'-ey  wrench,  n.  A  wrench  hav- 
ing a  movable  jaw. 


LESSON   28. 
Hardware. 

Iron  sharpeneth  iron,  so  a  man  sharpeneth  the  countenance  of  his  friend. 


Proverbs. 


nip'-per§,    n.  pi.      Small    pincers  for 

holding,  breaking,  or  cutting. 
pinch'-er§,  n.  pi.     An  instrument  for 

drawing  nails  or  gripping  things  to 

be  held  fast. 
pul'-ley,  n.     A  wheel  with  a  grooved 

rim,  for  transmitting  power  from  or 

imparting  power  to  the  different  parts 

of  machinery. 
ra'-zor,  n.  An  instrument  for  removing 

the  beard  or  hair. 
re-vdlv'-er,  n.     A  repeating  firearm. 
riv'-et,    n.      A  pin  of  iron  or  other 

metal  with  a  head. 

SQls'-Sorg,  n.  pi.     An  instrument  for 
cutting,  smaller  than  shears. 

s-eflt'-tle,  n.      A  wide-mouthed  vessel 
for  holding  coal. 

Scythe,  n.     An  instrument  for  mowing. 

8hdv'-el,  n.      An  instrument  used  for 

throwing  earth  or  loose  substances. 


sieve,  n.  A  utensil  for  separating  the 
fine  part  of  any  substance  from  the 
coarse. 

sti-let'-to,  n.  A  small  dagger  with  a 
round,  pointed  blade. 

t$ngs,  n.  pi.  An  instrument  used  for 
handling  fire  or  heated  metals. 

trow'-el,  n.  A  mason's  tool  used  for 
spreading  and  dressing  mortar. 

twine,  n.  A  strong  thread  composed 
of  two  or  three  smaller  threads  or 
strands  twisted  together. 

waf '-fle  i-ron,  n.  A  utensil  for  bak- 
ing waffles. 

wash'-er,  n.  A  ring  of  metal  or  other 
material  used  to  relieve  friction  and 
to  secure  tightness  of  joints. 

wire,  n.     A  thread  of  metal. 

wring'-er,  n.  •  An  instrument  for  for- 
cing water  out  of  anything. 

zIq-c,  n.  A  metal  of  a  brilliant  white 
color. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


28 


LESSON  29. 

IIIISCEI^I^AINKOUS. 

Honor  and  shame  from  no  condition  rise, 
Act  well  your  part,  there  all  the  honor  lies 

To  deceive  or  delude 


€a-jole',  V.  t. 

by  flattery. 

■eal'-loiis,  a.    Hardened. 

■ean'-^el,  v.  t.    To  efface. 

(jel'-Iu-loid,  n.  A  compound  manu- 
factured from  several  ingredients,  and 
resembling  coral,  ivory,  amber,  etc. 

^en'-sus,  n.  An  official  registration  of 
inhabitants. 

^iv-il-i-za'-tlon,  n.  Refinement;  cul- 
ture. 

€Og-no'-men,  n.    A  surname. 

■co-in'-^i-den^e,  «.  Occurrence  of 
events  at  the  same  time. 

•e5m'-ma,  n.  A  mark  used  to  denote  a 
short  pause. 


Pope. 
^  ■eom-mu'-ni-ty,  n.    A  society  of  people 
having  common  rights. 

■eon-^ear,  v.  t.    To  hide. 

•€on-Qen'-trate,  v.  t.     To  bring  to  a 
common  center. 

«6n-^iF-i-ate,  v.  t.    To  win  over. 

■e6n-€rete',  n.    A  compound. 

€on-€ur'-rent,  a.      Agreeing   in    the 
same  act. 

•eon-dense',  v.  t.     To  make  mo^p  com- 
pact. 

■c6n-se€'-u-tiTe,  a.     Following  in  the 
same  order. 

€on'-se-quent,  a.  Following  as  a  result. 

■eon-soF-i-date,  v.  t.     To  unite. 

€6n-spi-e'-n-ous,  a.     Easy  to  be  seen. 


LESSON  30.      ■ 

STAXIOIB^HRS*  GOODS. 

Books  are  true  levelers.    They  give  to  all  who  faithfully  use  them,  the  society,  the  spiritual 
presence,  of  the  greatest  and  best  of  our  race. —  Charming. 

aF-bum,  n.  A  blank  book  in  which  to 
insert  autographs. 

blot'-ting  pa-per,  n.  A  kind  of  paper 
serving  to  absorb  wet  ink,  and  thus 
prevent  blots. 

■eard'-board,  n.  A  stiff  paper  or  paste- 
board for  making  cards,  etc. 

du-o-de^'-i-mo,  n.  A  book  in  which 
a  sheet  is  folded  in  twelve  leaves. 

en'-vel-ope  or  en-veF-op,  n.  A  wrap- 
per; a  cover,  especially  of  a  docu- 
ment, as  a  letter. 

f  ol'-io,  a.  Formed  of  sheets  folded  so 
as  to  make  two  leaves. 

fonnt'-ain  pen,  n.  A  pen  with  a  res- 
ervoir furnishing  a  continuous  sup- 
ply of  ink. 


lead'  pen-^il,  n.      An  instrument  for 

drawing  or  making  lines,  made  of 

black  lead. 
ma-nil'-la  paper,  n.    A  very  durable 

kind  of  brown  paper,  made  of  Manilla 

hemp. 
mem-o-ran'-dum  bd^k,  n.     A  book  in 

which  memoranda  are  written. 
mu'-^i-lage,  n.     An  aqueous  solution 

of  gum. 
6-e-ta'-vo,  n.      A  book    composed  of 

sheets  folded  so  as  to  make  eight 

leaves. 
paste'-board,  n.    A  stiff,  thick  kind  of 

paper,  formed  of  several  single  sheets 

pasted  one  upon  another. 
pro'-gram  or  pro'-gramme,  n.    A  brief 

outline  of  the  order  of  the  subjects 

embraced  in  any  public  exercise. 


24 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


qu§r'-to,  a     Formed  of  sheets  so  as 
to  make  four  leaves. 

sta'-tiou-er-y,  n.    The  articles  usually 
sold  by  a  stationer,  as  paper,  ink,  etc. 

tab'-lets,  n.  pi.  A  set  of  leaves  of  thin 
material  for  writing. 


vaF-en-tlne,  n.  A  love  letter  sent  by 
young  persons  to  each  other  on  Val- 
entine's day,  February  14th. 

ver-lum,  n.  A  fine  kind  of  parchment 
rendered  clear  and  white  for  writing. 

wrap'-ping  pa-per,  n.  A  coarse  paper . 
for  tying  up  parcels. 


LESSON   31. 

MCXAXIO^  HXHRCISK. 

Ah  me !  the  while  I  stop  to  think 

What  Shakespeare  did  with  pen  and  ink! 

I  wonder  how  his  ink  was  made  — 

If  blue  or  purple  was  the  shade ; 

His  pen  —  broad-nibbed  and  rather  stiff, 

Like  this,  or  fine  ?    I  wonder  if 

He  tried  a  "Gillott,"  thirty-nine, 

Or  used  a  "  Spencerian,"  like  mine? 

Or  was  it  brains  ?    No  ink,  I  know, 

Will  really  make  ideas  flow. 

Nor  can  the  most  ingenious  pen 

Make  wits  and  poets  of  dull  men. 

So  this  the  miracle  explains, 

He  used  his  pen  and  ink  with  brains. 

Mine  is  the  harder  task,  I  think. 

To  write  with  only  pen  and  ink. —  Century, 

LESSON  32. 

l^ORDS  I»BK.1L  AINII^G  TO  ^WRIXIT^G. 

The  tongue  is  not  the  only  way 

Through  which  the  active  mind  is  heard. 
But  the  p   od  pen  as  well  can  say, 

In  tc     :  5  as  sweet,  a  gentle  word.—  P.  R.  Spencer. 

A  love  Ss-cri-toire'  (-twar),  n.  A  writing 
desk. 

hi-er-o-^lj^ph'-i«,  n.  A  mystical  sym- 
bol in  ancient  writing. 

il-leg'-i-ble,  a.  Incapable  of  being 
read. 


bil'-let-dfiux  (bil'-le-doo);  n. 

note  or  letter. 
€aF-i-grapli,  n.    A  writing  machine. 
«al-lig'-ra-phy   or   «a-lig'-ra-pliy,  n. 

Fair  or  elegant  penmanship. 
«hi-r6g'-ra-phy,  n.   The  art  of  writing. 
€6r-re-8p6nd',  v.  i.      To  communicate 

by  writing  letters. 
•eray'-on,  n.    A  pencil. 
e-pis'-tle,  n.    A  letter. 
e-ra'-gure,  n.    A  scratching  out. 


iii-s«rip'-tion,  n.  That  which  is  writ- 
ten or  engraved  on  a  solid  substance. 

16^'-i-ble,  a.      Capable  of  being  read. 

maii'-u-S€ript,  n.  A  \vritten  as  dis- 
tinguished from  a  printed  document 


SPELLING   AND   DEFINING. 


25 


pen'-man-ship,  n.    The  art  of  writing; 
manner  of  writing. 

S€rawl,  n.     Bad  writing. 

S€rib'-blmg:,  n.    The  act  of  scribbling, 
or  writing  hastily. 


ste-u6g'-ra-pher,  n.      One  skilled  in 
stenography. 

ste-nog'-ra-phy,  n.     The  art  of  writ- 
ing in  shorthand. 

type'-wri-ter,  n.     .A  writing  machine. 


LESSON   33. 

HO^OPHOIKOUS  l^OROS. 

Candor  is  the  seal  of  a  noble  mind,  the  ornament  and  pride  of  man,  the  sweetest  charm  of 
woman,  the  scorn  of  rascals,  and  the  rarest  virtue  of  sociahility.—  Benizel-Sierman. 

beat,  7/.  t.    To  strike. 
beet,  n.    A  vegetable. 

beech,  n.    A  kind  of  tree. 
beach,  n.     The  shore  of  the  sea. 

beer,  n.    A  malt  liquor. 

bier,  n.     A  litter  for  carrying  the  dead. 

bold'-er,  a.    More  bold. 
bowF-der,  n.    A  large  stone. 
bole,  n.     A  kind  of  fine  earthy  clay. 
boll,  n.     The  pod  of  a  plant,  as  of  flax. 
bowl,  n.     A  concave  vessel. 


bor'-ongh  (bur'-ro),  n.      An  incorpo- 
rated town  that  is  not  a  city. 

bur'-row,  n.  A  hole  in  the  ground  made 
by  certain  animals,  for  habitation. 

bourne,  n.    A  point  aimed  at. 
borne,/.  ^.  of  bear.     Carried. 
born,  p.  p.  of  bear.   Brought  into  life. 

bur'-y,  V.  t.     To  cover  out  of  sight. 
ber'-ry,  n.    A  small  kind  of  fruit. 

brid'-al,  n.     Marriage. 
bri'-dle,  n.     A  curb ;  a  check. 


LESSON   34. 
OROCHRIHS. 

lyCt  not  thy  table  exceed  the  fourth  part  of  thy  revenue  ;  too  much  is  a  vanity ;   enough  is  a 


feast. 

alF-spi^e,  n.  A  spice  of  a  mildly  pun- 
gent taste. 

bis'-€nit,  n.     Unfermented  bread. 

«ay-enne'  pep-per,  n.  A  very  pun- 
gent pepper. 

chd€'-o-late,  n.  A  paste  used  for  mak- 
ing a  beverage. 

§in'-na-mon,  n.  The  inner  bark  of  a 
tree  growing  in  Ceylon. 

€df '-fee,  n.  A  drink  made  from  the 
roasted  berry  of  the  coffee  tree. 

gel'-a-tine,  n.  A  concrete  animal  sub- 
stance. 

f  rease,  n.     Animal  fat  in  a  soft  state. 


A  grocer's  store. 
Com,  prepared  for  food 


gro'-Qer-y,  n. 
hom'-i-ny,  n. 

by  boiling. 

in'-di-go,  n.     Blue  coloring  matter. 

ma€-a-ro'-ni,  n.  An  article  of  food 
composed  of  paste. 

mo-las'-se§,  n.  The  syrup  which  drains 
from  sugar. 

sal-e-ra'-tus,  n.  A  bicarbonate  of  pot- 
ash. 

sir'-up  or  sj^r'-up,  n.  Sweetened  liquid 
of  any  kind. 

s^f-ar  (shobg'-ar),  n.  A  sweet  crys- 
talline substance. 


26 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


tap-i-o'-ea,  n.  A  coarsely  granular 
substance  obtained  from  the  roots  of 
a  plant  found  in  Brazil. 

to-ba€'-€0,  n.  A  plant  much  used  for 
chewing  and  smoking. 


ver-mi-^el'-li,  n.      The  flour  of  a  hard 
small-grained  wheat  made  into  dough. 

yeast,    «.        Preparation    for   raising 
dough  for  bread  or  cake. 


LESSON    35. 

FISH  AKD  FOliVLr. 

Master,  I  marvel  how  the  fishes  live  in  the  sea. 

Why,  as  men  do  a-land  :  the  great  ones  eat  up  the  little  ones 


an-^ho'-yy,  n.  A  small  fish  of  the 
herring  family,  caught  in  the  Medi- 
terranean Sea. 

€an'-Yas-back,  n.  A  species  of  sea 
duck,  highly  esteemed  for  the  delica- 
cy of  its  flesh. 

eel,  n.    A  snake-like  fish. 

gnin'-ea  fowl,  n.  A  fowl  of  a  dark 
grey  color,  variegated  with  white 
spots. 

Iiad'-d6€k,  n.  A  sea  fish, a  little  smaller 
than  a  cod,  which  it  resembles. 

hal'-i-but,  n.  A  large  sea  fish,  some 
weighing  400  or  more  pounds. 

her'-ring,  n.    A  small  fish. 

15b'-ster,  n.     A  marine  shell  fish. 

ma€k'-er-el,  n.  A  marine  fish  found 
in  the  North  Atlantic. 

miis'-kel-luiige,  n.  A  large  kind  of 
pike  found  in  the  Northern  Lakes, 
St.  Lawrence  and  Ohio  rivers. 


Shakespeare. 

oys'-ter,  n.  A  moUusk  with  a  bivalve 
shell,  extensively  used  for  food. 

phea§'-ant,  «.  A  wild  fowl,  the  flesh 
of  which  is  used  for  food. 

pi€k'-er-el,  n.  A  fresh  water  fish,  be- 
longing to  the  pike  family. 

pi'-g:eoii,  n.  A  small  bird  of  several 
species. 

salm'-oii  (sam'-un),  n.  A  fish  of  a 
yellowish  red  color. 

smelt,  n.  A  small  fish  of  a  silvery 
white  color. 

stiir'-geon  (-jun),  «.    A  large  fish. 

tur'-bot,  n.  A  flat  fish  with  a  body 
nearly  circular.  It  grows  to  the 
weight  of  20  or  30  pounds,  and  is  much 
esteemed  by  epicures. 

tiir'-key,  «.  A  large  fowl,  the  flesh  of 
which  is  valued  for  food. 

tur'-tle,  n.  A  sea  tortoise,  the  flesh  of 
which  is  esteemed  as  a  great  delicacy. 


LESSON   36. 
pjerxai:niivg  xo  food. 

A  fig  for  your  bill  of  fare  ;  show  me  your  bill  of  company.- 


S7vt/i. 


White  of  eggs. 
Relating  to  the  kitch- 


al-bu'-meii,  n. 
■eu'-li-na-ry,  a. 

en  or  art  of  cookery. 
fje'-re-al,  «.       Any    edible    grain,    as 

wheat,  rye,  etc. 
de-li'-clotts  (-lisli'-tts),  a.       Affording 

exquisite  pleasure  to  the  taste. 
eat'-a-ble,  a.     Proper  for  food. 


far-l-na'-ceoils  (-sliiis),  a.      Made  of 

meal  or  flour. 
glflt'-ton-y,  «.     Excess  in  eating. 
liealth'-f^il,  a.      Wholesome,    serving 

to  promote  health. 
jfiiQe,  n.     The  watery  part  of  fruit  or 

vegetables. 
lils'-cioiis  (lilsli'-Qs),  a.     Delicious. 


SPELLING  AND  DEFINING. 


27 


mas'-ti-cate,  v.  t.    To  chew. 

im'-tri-ment,  n.  That  which  nourishes, 

nti-tri'  tious    (-trish'-us),    a.       Nour- 
ishing. 

paF-a-ta-ble,  a.  Agreeable  to  the  taste. 

pro-Ti'-gioii,  n.     A  stock  of  food. 


ray'-en-ous,  a.     Hungry,  even  to  rage. 
rel'-ish-a-ble,  a.    Having  an  agreeable 

taste. 
sa'-ti-ate  (sa'-sM-ate),  v.  i.  To  satisfy 

the  appetite  to  the  full. 
sa'-vor-y,  a.  Relishable. 
vict'-nalg  (yit'-lz),  n.  Sustenance ;  food. 


LESSON    37. 

We  may  live  without  poetry,  music  and  art ; 

We  may  live  without  conscience,  and  live  without  heart ; 

We  may  live  without  friends ;  we  may  live  without  books ; 

But  civilized  man  cannot  live  without  cooks. 

He  may  live  without  books  —  what  is  knowledge  but  grieving? 

He  may  live  without  hope  —  what  is  hope  but  deceiving  ? 

He  may  live  without  love  —  what  is  passion  but  pining  ? 

But  where  is  the  man  that  can  live  without  dining  ? —  Owen  Meredith. 


LESSON    38. 


MISCEtrl^ANEOXJS. 


Words  are  things,  and  a  small  drop  of  ink, 

Falling,  like  dew,  upon  a  thought,  produces 

That  which  makes  thousands,  and  perhaps  millions,  think.— j?yyon. 


«dn'-sti-tute,  v.  t.  To  make  up;  to 
compose. 

•COn-tra-ct',  v.  t.    To  shorten;  to  lessen. 

•eoii-tiib'-ute,  v.  i.  To  furnish  in  part. 

€0-uuu'-drum,  n.  A  puzzling  question. 

€6n-ven'-ieii-^y,  n  That  which  is  con- 
venient. 

■Con'-Yer-sant,  a.     Well  informed. 

■eoii-Tin^e',  v.  t.     To  satisfy  by  proof. 

■eor'-o-net,  n.  An  inferior  crown  worn 
by  noblemen. 

•eor-rode',  v.  t.  To  eat  away  by  degrees. 

•€6§-met'-ic,  n.  An  application  to  im- 
prove the  complexion. 

€0-tir-lion  (-ynn),  «.  A  brisk  dance 
performed  by  eight  persons. 


crea'-tnre,  «.    An  animal ;  a  man. 
■erev'-iQe,  n.  A  narrow  opening ;  a  cleft. 
■erib'-bag-e,  n.    A  game  of  cards. 
€rl'-sis,  n.     The  point  of  time  when 

anything  must  terminate  or  take  a 

new  course. 
€rit'-i-€-al-ly,  adv.     With  nice  discern- 
ment ;  in  a  critical  manner. 
■cro-chet'    (€r6-sha')>  «•      A   netting 

made  with  a  small  hook. 
■ero-quet'  (kro-ka')?  «•  A  game  played 

with  balls,  mallets  and  hoops  or  arches. 
■crouch,  V.  i.     To  stoop  low ;  to  lie  close 

to  the  ground,  as  an  animal. 
€rumb,  n.     A  small  fragment  or  piece 

of  bread  or  other  food. 


28 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


LESSON    39. 

KRUIX. 

The  native  orchard's  fairest  trees,  wild  springing  on  the  hill, 
Bear  no  such  precious  fruits  as  these,  ana  never  will, 
Till  axe  and  saw  and  pruning  knife  cut  from  them  every  bough, 
And  they  receive  a  gentler  life  than  crowns  them  now.  —  Hollc 


The  fruit  of  the  apple  tree. 
n.      A  fruit  of  the  plum 


&p'-ple,  n. 
a'-pri-c5t, 

species. 
toa-na'-na,  n.    A  tropical  fruit. 
€an'-ta-loupe,    n.      A   small,    round, 

ribbed  variety  of  muskmelon. 
cher'-ry,  n.     A  fruit  of  the  prune  spe- 
cies. 
^it'-ron,   n.     The   fruit  of  the  citron 

tree,  resembling  a  lemon. 
€o'-eoa-iiut,  n.    The  nut  or  fruit  of 

the  cocoa. 
go?>§e'-ber-ry,  n.    The  fruit  of  a  small 

shrub. 
hu«'-kle-ber-ry  or  ")  «.  The 

whor'-tle-ber-ry  (hwurt'-l-)?  J  fruit  of 

a  low  shrub. 
lem'-on,  n.     An  oval  fruit  containing 


an  acid  pulp. 


Holland. 

lime,  n.    A  fruit  like  the  lemon,  smaller 

and  more  intensely  sour. 
mill'-bSr-ry,  n.     The  fruit  of  a  tree. 
musk'-mel-on,  n.      A  species  of  melon 

so  called  from  its  musky  fragrance. 
peach,  n.    A  Persian  apple ;  a  tree  and 

its  fruit. 
pine'-ap-ple,  n.     A  tropical  plant  and 

its  fruit. 
p6me'-graii-ate,  n.      A  fruit  as  large 

as  an  orange,  of  a  reddish  color  and 

having  numerous  seeds. 
qniii^e,  n.      A  fruit  with  an  acid  taste 

and  pleasant  flavor. 
rai'-gin,  n.    A  grape  dried  in  the  sun 

or  by  artificial  heat. 
ragp'-ber-ry,  n.    A  plant  and  its  fruit. 
straw'-ber-ry,  n.    The  fruit  of  a  small 

plant. 


LESSON   40. 


But  look  at  that  bin  of  potatoes  !    Those  are  my  beautiful  Carters ; 
Every  one  doomed  to  be  martyrs 

To  the  eccentric  desire  of  Christian  people  to  skin  them, 
Brought  to  the  trial  of  fire  for  the  good  that  is  in  them..—  Holland. 


as-par'-a-gfis,  n.  A  garden  plant  or 
vegetable. 

€ab'-bage,  n.    A  garden  plant. 

€ar'-rot,  n.  A  vegetable  having  an 
esculent  root. 

«ftu'-li-flow-er,  n.  A  variety  of  cab- 
bage. 

^Sl'-er-y,  n.  A  plant  of  the  parsley 
family. 

€u'-etim-ber, «.  A  vegetable  used  un- 
ripe as  a  salad. 

^ar'-li*,  n.  A  plant  having  a  bulbous 
root  and  strong  smell. 

Wt'-tu(;e  (-tis),  n.  A  plant,  the  leaves 
of  which  are  used  for  salad. 


du'-ion  (uii'-yiln),  n.      The  bulb  of  a 

plant  used  for  food. 
pars'-ley,  n.    A  plant,   the  leaves  of 

which  are  used  in  cooking. 
pars'-iiip,  n.     A  plant  with  a  white 

spindle-shaped  root,  used  for  food. 
po-ta'-to,  n.  A  plant  with  a  farinaceous 

tuber  used  for  food. 
pilmp'-kiii,  n.     A  well  known  trailing 

plant  and  its  fruit. 
rad'-lsli,  n.     A  plant,  the  root  of  which 

is  eaten  raw  as  a  salad. 
rii-ta-ba'-j?a,  n.     A  Swedish  turnip. 
sar-si-f  j^,  n.     Vegetable  oyster. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


29 


spin'-ach  (spin'-ej),  n.    A  plant  whose 
leaves  are  used  for  greens. 

to-ma'-to  or  to-ma'-to,  n.    A  plant  and 
its  fruit. 


tiir'-nip,  n. 

root. 


A  plant  with  a  bulbous 


veg'-e-ta-ble,  n. 

linary  purposes. 


A  plant  used  for  cu- 


LESSON   41. 
-^voRos  i»kr.taini:ng  XO  AGI«.ICUI^TUIt.S:. 

"  We  must  not  hope  to  be  mowers  and  gather  the  ripe,  gold  ears, 
Until  we  have  first  been  sowers  and  watered  the  furrows  with  tears. 


a'-cre,  n.  Piece  of  land  containing 
1 60  square  rods. 

ag'-ri-eul-ture, «.  The  art  of  culti- 
vating the  ground. 

ar'-a-ble,  a.  Fit  for  plowing  or  tilling. 

•eur-ti-yate,  v.  t.    To  till. 

f  er'-tile,  a.     Rich ;  fruitful. 

f er'-ti-lize,  v.  t.  To  make  fertile  or 
enrich. 

gran'-a-ry,  n.  A  store-house  for  grain 
after  it  is  threshed ;  a  com  house. 

har'-yest-liome,  n.  The  feast  made  at 
the  gathering  of  the  harvest. 

h6r'-ti-€ul-ture,  n.  Cultivation  of  a 
garden. 

loam'-y,  a.  Consisting  of  sand,  clay- 
ana  carbonate  of  lime  with  decaying 
vegetable  matter. 


marsh'-y,  a.     Wet;  boggy. 
mead'-ow,  n.      A  tract  of  low,  level 

grass  land  somewhat  wet. 
or'- chard,  n.     An  enclosure  or  collec- 
tion of  fruit  trees. 
pas'-tnr-age,   n.      Land  appropriated 

to  grazing. 
phos'-phate,  n.     A  fertilizer  formed  of 

phosphoric  acid  and  salt. 
plough  or  plow,  n.     An  implement  for 

turning  up  the  soil. 
rus'-ti-eate,  v.  i.    To  live  or  dwell  in 

the  country. 
ster'-ile,  a.      Producing    little    or    no 

crop;  barren. 
tilF-a-ble,  a.     Capable  of  being  tilled. 


trough  (trawl),  n.    A  long  tray. 

LESSON   42. 
DICXAXION  HXKRCISK. 

The  time  for  toil  has  passed  and  night  has  come  — 

The  last  and  saddest  of  the  harvest  eves ; 

Worn  out  with  labor,  long  and  wearisome, 

Drooping  and  faint,  the  reapers  hasten  home, 

Each  laden  with  his  sheaves. 

My  spirit  grieves  that  I  am  burdened,  not  so  much  with  grain, 

As  with  a  heaviness  of  heart  and  brain ; 

Behold  my  sheaves !     Few,  light  and  worthless,  yet  their  weight 

Through  all  my  frame  a  weary  aching  leaves : 

For  long  I  struggled  with  my  hopeless  fate. 

And  stayed  and  toiled  till  it  was  dark  and  late  — 

Yet  well  I  know  I  have  more  tares  than  wheat  — 

Brambles  and  flowers,  dry  stalks  and  withered  leaves ; 

Wherefore  I  blush  and  weep,  as  at  thy  feet 

I  kneel  down  reverently  and  repeat, 

"Master,  behold  my  shQa.vQS.''—  Elizabeth  Akers, 


80 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


LESSON    43. 

HOmOPHOlSOUS  l^ORDS. 

Thy  purpose  firm  is  equal  to  the  deed  : 
Who  does  the  best  his  circujiistance  allows, 
Does  well,  acts  nobly ;  angels  could  do  no  more.  - 


y'oung. 


eal'-eii-dar,  n 
€al'-eu-der,  n 


An  almanac. 
A  hot  press. 


«aii'-iion,  n.     A  large  gun. 
€aii'-on,  n.     A  church  law ;  a  dignitary 
of  the  church. 

«an'-vas,  n.     A  coarse  cloth  for  sails. 
■can'-vass,  v.  t.     To  solicit  something. 

€ap'-i-tal,  n.  The  chief  city ;  principal. 
"Cap'-i-tol,  n.     The  building  occupied 

by  Congress  or  a  State  legislature. 
•eane,  n.     A  walking  stick. 
€aill9  n.     The  first  murderer. 


^eil,  V.  t.     To  line  the  top  or  roof  of. 
seal,  V.  t.     To  make  fast. 

§ell,  n.  A  small  room,  as  in  a  prison. 
sell,  V.  t.     To  exchange  for  money. 

§eF-lar,  n.     A  room  under  the  house. 
sell'-er,  n.     One  who  sells. 

cho?>§e,  V.  t.     To  select. 

chews  (clio?Js),  V.  t.     To  bite  and  grind 

with  the  teeth. 

■elaiige,  n.     A  part  of  a  sentence. 
-elawg,  n.  pi.     Sharp,  hooked  nails  of 
animals  or  birds. 


LESSON    44. 

ARCHIXHCTURK. 

If  cities  were  built  by  the  sound  of  music,  then  some  edifices  would  appear  to  be  constructed 
by  grave,  solemn  tones,  others  to  have  danced  forth  to  light,  fantastic  airs.—  Hawthorne. 

A  row  of  balusters 


bal'-us-trade,  n. 

topped  by  a  rail,  serving  as  an  en- 
closure. 

bat'-tle-ment,  n.  A  notched  or  in- 
dented parapet. 

bay-Wiu'-dow,  n.  A  window  forming 
a  bay  or  recess  in  the  room  and  pro- 
jecting outward  in  different  forms. 

bgii'-doir  (boT^'-dwor),  n.  A  lady's 
private  room. 

•eail'  O-py,  «•  A  covering  over  the  head. 

§eil'-ing,  n.  The  upper  interior  surface 
of  an  apartment. 

€ldg'-et,  n.    A  small,  close  room. 

€dr'-iii§e,  n.  Any  molded  projection 
which  finishes,  the  part  to  which  it 
is  affixed. 

«6r'-ri-dor,  n.  A  gallery  or  passage- 
way. 


•eii'-po  la,  n.     A  dome-like  vault  on  the 

top  of  an  edifice. 
d6m'-i-§ile,  n.  An  abode  or  permanent 

residence. 
ddr'-mi-to  ry,  n.     Sleeping  quarters  or 

a  bedroom. 
ex-te'-ri-or,  n.     The  outside  part. 
ga'-ble,  n.  The  vertical  triangular  end 

of  a  house. 
gal'-ler-y,  n.      A  long  and  narrow  cor- 
ridor. 
g6tll'-i€,  a.      A   style   of   architectiu-e 

with  high  and  sharply-pointed  arches, 

etc. 
iii-te'-ri-or,  n.    The  inside  part. 
kitch'-eu,  n.    A  cook  room. 
lauii'-dry,  n.    The  place  where  clothes 

are  washed. 
lav'-a-to-ry,  «•  A  place  for  washing. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


31 


LESSON   45. 

Architecture. 

Houses  are  built  to  live  in  more  than  to  look  on  ;  therefore  let  use  be  preferred  before  uni- 
formity, except  where  both  may  be  had. —  Bacon. 


mor'-tise,  n.  A  cavity  cut  into  a  piece 
of  timber  to  receive  the  end  of  an- 
other piece  cut  to  fit  it. 

niche  (nich),  n.  A  shell-like  recess  in 
a  wall  for  a  statue,  bust,  or  other 
erect  ornament. 

nurs'-er-y,  n.  A  room  in  the  house, 
appropriated  to  the  care  of  children. 

db-gery'-a-to-ry,  n.  A  place  from 
which  a  view  may  be  commanded. 

6'-ri-el,  n.  A  large  bay  or  recessed 
window  projecting  outward. 

pa-la'- tial,  a.  Magnificent;  like  a 
palace. 

pan'-try,  «.  A  room  where  provisions 
are  kept. 

par-ti'-tioii,  n.  That  which  divides  or 
separates;  an  interior  wall  dividing 
one  part  of  a  house  from  another. 

pa-vil'-ion,  n.  A  kind  of  building  or 
turret  under  a  single  roof. 


pi-az'-za,  n.  A  portico  or  covered 
walk  supported  by  arches  or  columns. 

pi-las'-ter,  n.  A  square  column, usually 
set  in  a  wall,  and  projecting  only  a 
fourth  or  fifth  of  its  diameter. 

por'-ti-eo,  n.  A  covered  space,  enclosed 
by  columns  at  the  front  of  a  building. 

ro-tun'-da,  n.     A  round  building. 

S€ul'-Ier-y,  n.  A  place  where  culinary 
utensils  are  kept. 

stee'-ple,  n.  A  tower  or  turret  of  a 
church,  ending  in  a  point. 

stru-e'-ture,  n.  A  building  of  any  kind. 

tab'-er-na-cle,  n.  A  slightly  built  or 
temporary  dwelling. 

tnr'-ret,  n.    A  little  tower. 

yes'-ti-biile,  n.  A  small  hall  from 
which  doors  open  into  other  apart- 
ments in  the  house. 

ve-ran'-da,  n.  A  kind  of  open  portico, 
formed  by  extending  a  sloping  roof 
beyond  the  main  dwelling. 


LESSON    46. 

DICTAXIO^  BXKRCISH. 

The  Gothic  cathedral  is  a  blossoming  in  stone,  subdued  by  the  insatiable  de- 
mand of  harmony,  in  man.  The  mountain  of  granite  blooms  into  an  eternal 
flower,  with  the  lightness  and  delicate  finish  as  well  as  the  aerial  proportions  and 
perspective  of  vegetable  beauty.  Moller,  in  his  essay  on  Architecture,  taught 
that  the  building  which  was  fitted  accurately  to  answer  its  end  would  turn  out 
to  be  beautiful,  though  beauty  had  not  been  intended.  I  find  the  like  unity  in 
human  structures  rather  virulent  and  pervasive. — Emerson. 

LESSON   47. 

Like  leaves  on  trees  the  race  of  man  is  found, 

Now  green  in  youth,  now  withering  on  the  ground  ; 

Another  race  the  following  spring  supplies  ; 

They  fall  successive,  and  successive  rise. — Homer'' s  Iliad. 


deaf  (def  or  def ),  a.      Unable  to  hear 

sounds. 
de-bat'-a-ble,  a.    Disputable. 


de-bris'  (da-bree'),  n.  Remains;  ruins. 
de€'-0-rate,  ?/./.  To  adorn;  to  beautify. 
de-«rease',  v.  t.   To  diminish  gradually. 


82 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


de-g^n'-er-ate,  v.  i.     To  grow  worse. 
de-n6te%  v.  t.     To  indicate. 
de-o'-dor-ize,  v.  t.  To  deprive  of  odor. 
de-§ir'-a-ble,  a.     Worthy  of  desire  or 

longing. 
de-te'-ri-o-rate,  v.  t.    To  make  worse. 
de'-Yi-ate,  v.  i.      To  go  out  of  one's 

way ;  to  digress. 
dif '-fl-«iilt,  a.     Not  easy. 
di-lap'-i-date,  v.  i.  To  fall  into  partial 

ruin. 


dis-eodr'-a^e,  v.  i.    To  dishearten ;  to 

disfavor. 
dis-fran'-ehi§e,  v.  t.      To  deprive  of 

citizenship. 
dis-trib'-ute,  v.  t.      To  divide  among 

several. 
dfi-e'-at,  «.      A  European  coin,  either 

silver  or  gold. 
gf-f  a§e%  V.  t.    To  blot  out. 
e'-gress,  n.     Departure. 
e-las-ti§'-i-ty,  n.  Springiness ;  rebound. 


LESSON   48. 

DRUGS. 

Physic  is  of  little  use  to  a  temperate  person,  for  a  man's  own  observation  on  what  he  finds 
does  him  good  and  what  hurts  him  is  the  best  physic  to  preserve  health.— ^aton. 


ag'-id,  n.     A  sour  substance. 

al'-ka-li,  n.  A  substance  which  neu- 
tralizes acids. 

am-mo'-ni-a,  n.  An  alkali  which  is 
gaseous  or  aeriform  in  its  uncom- 
bined  state. 

a-pdth'-e-€a-ry,  n.  One  who  prepares 
and  sells  drugs  for  medicinal  purposes. 

ar'-iii-€a,  n.  A  medicine  applied  ex- 
ternally, for  sprains  or  bruises. 

ar'-se-ni*,  n.  An  element  like  a  metal 
of  a  steel  grey  color  and  brilliant 
lustre ;  a  poison. 

baF'Sam,  n.  An  aromatic  substance 
flowing  from  trees. 

bSl-la-d6ii'-na,  n.    Deadly  nightshade. 

bSii'-z!ne,  n.    A  light  oil  of  petroleum. 

•caF-0-mSl,  n.  A  preparation  of  mer- 
cury. 


■eam'-phor,  n.  A  solid  white  gum  or 
concrete  juice. 

«a-thar'-ti€,  n.    A  purgative. 

•chlo'-ro-fdrm,  n.  A  medical  fluid 
which  when  inhaled  produces  insensi- 
bility to  pain. 

•eo-logne'  (ko-I6n'),  «•      A   perfumed 

liquid. 
€6p'-per-as,  n.     Sulphate  of  iron. 
■ere'-o-sote,  n.    An  oily,  colorless  liquid 

having  the  smell  of  smoke. 

dis-p^n'-sa-ry,   n.     The    place    where 

medicines  are  prepared. 
drftg'-gist,  n.    One  who  deals  in  drugs. 
glj^§'-er-iiie,  n.      A  sweet  liquid,  com- 
posed of  carbon,hydrogen,and  oxygen. 
ip'-e-«a€,  «.     An  emetic. 


LESSON    49. 
Drugrs* 

Oh  !  what  avail  the  largest  gifts  of  heaven. 

When  drooping  health  and  spirits  go  amiss? 

How  tasteless  then  whatever  can  be  ^ven  1 
Health  is  the  vital  principle  of  bliss, 

And  exercise  of  health.— //orac*  Mann. 


l§ll'-da-nfim,  n.     Tincture  of  opium. 

li-e'-o-rije,  n.  A  dark-colored,  sweet 
substance,  much  used  as  a  remedy 
for  coughs  and  colds. 


inag-ue'-si-a  (-ne'-zhl-a),  n.  A  white 
powdered  earth,  used  as  a  mild  ca- 
thartic. 

nier'-€ii-ry,  «.  A  salt  used  as  a  re- 
medial agent. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


33 


mor'-phine,  n.  A  vegetable  alkaloid 
extracted  from  opium. 

par-e-gor'-i-c,  n.  A  medicine  that 
mitigates  pain. 

pep'-per-mint,  n.  A  liquor  distilled 
from  an  aromatic  and  pungent  plant. 

phar-ma-^eiT-ti*,  a.  Pertaining  to 
knowledge  of  pharmacy. 

phar'-ma-§y,  n.  The  art  of  compound- 
ing medicines. 

poi'-gon,  n.  That  which  taints  or  de- 
stroys. 

qui'-nine,  n.     Peruvian  bark. 

re§'-iii,  n.  A  solid,  inflammable  gum 
of  vegetable  origin,  soluble  in  alcohol 
and  in  essential  oils. 


saf'-fron,  «.     A  vegetable  medicine. 

salt-pe'-tre  or  salt-pe'-ter,  n.  Nitrate 
of  potassia. 

sar-sa-pa-ril'-la,  n.  A  medicine  dis- 
tilled from  a  Mexican  plant. 

str;f-ch'-nine,  n.  Nightshade,  verj'- 
bitter  and  poison. 

suF-phur,  n.  A  simple  mineral  sub- 
stance, of  a  yellow  color. 

su'-ma*  or  su'-ina€h  (shu'-mak),  n.  A 
plant  or  shrub  used  in  medicine. 

tin-e'-tiire,  n.  Slight  taste  or  quality 
added  to  anything. 

tnr'-pen-tlne,  n.  A  clear,  colorl'^ss 
baliiam  taken  from  the  pine,  fir, 
larch  and  other  trees. 


LESSON    50. 

rHR-TrAIKIKG  TO  I»HYSIC. 

I  think  you  might  dispense  with  half  your  doctors,  if  you  would  only  consult  Doctor  Sun 
more,  and  be  more  under  the  treatment  of  these  great  hydropathic  doctors,  the  clouds  !  —  Beecher. 


al-16p'-a-thy,  n.  Using  medicines  to 
produce  effects  different  from  those 
resulting  from  disease. 

am-pu-ta'-tioii,  n.  Cutting  off  a  mem- 
ber of  the  body. 

€an'-ter-ize,  v.  t.  To  bum  or  sear  with 
fire  or  a  hot  iron. 

§har'-la-tan,  n.    A  quack. 

■ehi-rop'-o-dist,  n.  A  com  doctor;  one 
who  extracts  corns,  warts,  etc. 

di-ag-no'-sis,  n.  The  determination  of 
a  disease  by  means  of  distinctive 
marks. 

e-C-le-€'-tic,  n.  Not  following  any  one 
method  or  school,  but  selecting  at 
will  from  others. 

home  op'-a-tliy,  n.  Art  of  curing 
founded  on  resemblances. 

h5s'-pi-tal,  n.  An  institution  for  car- 
ing for  the  sick  and  infirm. 

Iiy-dr5p'-a-thy,  n.     The  water-cure. 


in-f  Trm'-a-ry,  n.  A  hospital  where  the 
sick  are  lodged  and  nursed. 

me-di^'-'-nal,  a.  Pertaining  to  medi- 
cine. 

iiar-edt'-i€,  n.  A  medicine  which  pro- 
duces sleep. 

o'-pi-ate,  a.     Inducing  sleep. 

op-ti'-cian  (tish'-an),  n.  One  skilled 
in  the  science  of  vision. 

pli|^-§i'-ciaii  (fi-zish'-an),  n.  One 
skilled  in  the  art  of  healing. 

spe-§if' -i-C,  a.  Exerting  a  peculiar  in- 
fluence over  any  part  of  the  body. 

stim'-u-laiit,  n.  A  medicine  to  produce 
an  exaltation  of  vital  activity. 

ya-e'-gi-nate,  v.  t.  To  inoculate  with 
kine  pox  by  means  of  a  virus  called 
vaccine,  taken  from  a  cow. 

vet'-er-i-na-ry,  a.  Pertaining  to  the 
art  of  healing  domestic  animals. 


34 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


LESSON    51. 

H09I0PH0^0US  liVORDS. 

"  What  shall  I  do  ?    My  boy,  don't  stand  asking  ; 
Take  hold  of  something —  whatever  yoii  can. 
Don't  turn  aside  for  the  toiling  or  tasking  ; 
Idle  soft  hands  never  yet  made  a  man.' 


gSnt,  n.    A  coin. 

sgent,  n.     Odor ;  the  sense  of  smell. 

sent,  V.  i.     Past  of  send ;  dispatched, 

gite,  V.  t.     To  summon. 

site,  n.     Local  position ;  situation. 

sight,  n.     The  power  of  seeing. 

€limb,  V.  i.     To  rise  laboriously. 
■elime,  n.    A  climate. 

■eoarse,  a.      Rude ;  composed  of  large 

parts. 
€oarse9  n.    Direction. 


«6re,  n.     The  center  of  a  fruit. 
•eorps  (kor),  n.     A  body  of  men. 

•€OUii'-§il,  n.     A  deliberative  body. 
■eoun'-sel,  n.     Advice;  a  legal  adviser. 

€ur'-rant,  n.     A  small  fruit. 
•eur'-rent,  n.  A  stream ;  onward  motion. 

dear,  a.     Beloved;  costly. 
deer,  n.     An  animal. 

dranght   (draft),  «.     A  current;  that 

which  is  drunk. 
draft,  n.     A  bill  of  exchange. 


LESSON    52. 

He  who  cures  a  disease  may  be  the  skillfullest,  but  he  who  prevents  it  is  the  safest  physician. 
T.  Fuller. 


ab'-s§§SS,  n.      A  tumor  filled  with  pur- 
ulent matter. 
br5ii-€hi'-tis,  n.     Inflammation  of  the 

bronchial  membrane. 
«a-tarrh',  n.      A  disease  of  the  head, 

caused  by  a  cold. 
•chdl'-e-ra,  n.    A  disease. 
diph-the'-ri-a,  n.    A  disease  in  which 

the  throat   is  inflamed,  and  coated 

with  a  leathery  membrane. 
dlg-eage',  n.     Malady  or  sickness. 
diz'-zi-ness,  n.   A  whirling  in  the  head. 
dj^s-pSp'-si-a, «.  Difficulty  of  digestion. 
ep'-i-lep-sy,  n.     Disease  of  the  brain 

attended  by  convulsions. 
€r-y-sip'-e-las,  n.    A  disease  in  which 

the  skin  is  inflamed. 
gao'-greue  (gang'-),  n.     Mortification 

of  living  flesh. 


hi«'-eough  (hik'-kiip),  «.  Spasmodic 
inspiration  producing  sound. 

mea'-gleg,  n.    An  eruptive  disease 

neural'-gi-a,  n.  A  disease,  the  chief 
symptom  of  which  is  a  very  acute 
pain,  seated  in  the  nerve. 

pa-ral'-y-sis,  n.  Loss  of  voluntary  mo- 
tion with  or  without  loss  of  sensation. 

pleu'-ri-sy,  n.  Inflammation  of  the 
pleura  or  the  membrane  that  lines 
the  chest. 

pueii-mo'-ui-a  (nii-mo'-),  n.  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  lungs. 

rheu'-ma-tism  (rfl-),  n.  Painful  in- 
flammation of  joints  and  muscles. 

serdf'-fl-la,  n.  A  disease  of  the  glands. 

ty'-phoid,  n.  Typhus  fever  of  a  low 
grade. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


S£ 


LESSON    53. 

OICXAXIOI?*  KXEiK-CISK. 

"  My  jolly  young  fellow,"  said  Health,  "  now  you  really 
Have  lately  been  drawing  on  me  rather  freely. 
Who  riots  with  Pleasure  by  night  and  by  day 
Must  expect  that  in  time  there'll  be  something  to  pay. 
For  the  favors  you've  had,  that  you  may  not  forget, 
Suppose  you  just  give  me  your  note  for  the  debt. 
Write  as  I  dictate : 

"  *  Twenty  years  after  date 
I  promise  to  pay  to  my  health,  sure  as  fate, 
For  value  received,  in  sin,  folly  and  pleasure. 
These  prominent  parts  of  estates  I  should  treasure: 
My  Limbs  to  be  racked  with  rheumatics  and  gout ; 
My  Teeth  to  decay  till  they  mostly  rot  out ; 
My  Eyes  to  grow  dim  and  my  Hair  to  grow  gray. 
While  dropsy  and  asthma  take  turns  day  by  day ; 
My  Nerves  and  my  Lungs,  too,  together  give  way ; 
My  Stomach  to  fall  to  dyspepsia  a  prey ; 
My  Taste  to  forsake  me,  my  Voice  to  grow  weak, 
While  my  Ears  cannot  hear,  save  when  Conscience  shall  speak. 
Now  sign  it.     When  due  you  need  not  waste  your  breath 
For  extension.     Remember,  the  protest  is  Death." 

LESSON    54. 
r»E».XAIKi:NO  TO  DISHASH. 

Diseases,  desperate  grown,  by  desperate  appliances  are  relieved,  or  not  at  all. 


a€he,  V.  i.     To  suffer  pain. 

a-eiite',  a.     Sharp;  penetrating. 

€6m'-fort-a-ble,  a.     Free  from  pain. 

■eon-ta'-^ious,  a.     Catching. 

€6n-Ya-les'-QenQe,  n.  Renewal  of 
health. 

dis'-lo-eate,  v.  t.    To  disjoint. 

e  ma'-ci-ate  (-shi-at),  v.  i.  To  lose 
flesh. 

ep-i-dem'-i'€,  n.  A  disease  which,  aris- 
ing from  a  widespread  cause,  affects 
numbers  of  people  at  the  same  time. 

f  u'-mi-gSte,  v.  t.  To  apply  smoke  in 
cleansing  infected  apartments. 

hag'-gard,  a.  Having  the  expression 
of  one  wasted  by  want  or  pain. 

he-red'-i-ta-ry,  a.  Transmitted  from 
parent  to  child. 


Shakespeaft. 

im'-be-gile,  n.    One  without  strength 

either  in  body  or  mind. 
In'-na-ti-c,  n.      A  person  of  unsound 

mind. 
maF-a-dy,   n.     Sickness  or  disease  ol 

the  human  body. 
ma-lig'-nant,  a.     Tending  to  produce 

death. 
m6n-o-ma'-ni-a€,  n.     One  whose  mind 

is  deranged  on  a  single  subject. 
par'-ox-y'gm,  n.     The  attack  of  a  dis- 

ease  that  occurs  at  intervals. 
re-sus'-^i-tate,  v.  t.    To  revive  from 

apparent  death. 
stran-gii-la'-tioii,  n.    The  act  of  de 

stroying  life  by  stopping  respiration. 
wonud  (wooiid  or  wownd),  n.  A  hurt 

an  injury. 


86 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


LESSON    55. 

PKRXAIimKG  TO  THK  HUAIA^  BODV. 

Our  body  is  a  well-set  clock,  which  keeps  good  time  ;  but  if  it  be  too  much  or  indiscreetly  tam- 
pered with,  the  alarm  runs  out  before  the  hour.— Bishop  Hall. 


un'-kle,  n.  The  joint  which  connects 
the  foot  with  the  leg, 

ar'-ter-y,  n.  A  vessel  that  conveys  the 
blood  from  the  heart. 

au'-di-to-ry,  a.  Pertaining  to  the  sense 
of  hearing. 

brdn'-€lii-a,  n.  pi.  The  two  large  di- 
visions of  the  trachea. 

«al-is-th§ii'-i€S,  n.  Bodily  exercise 
for  strength  and  graceful  movement. 

«ap'-il-la-rie§,  «.  pi.  Small  vessels 
which  connect  the  arteries  with  the 
veins. 

€ar'-ti-Iage,  «•     Gristle. 

€laY'-i-€le,  n.     The  collar  bone. 

€6r'-iie-a,  n.  The  strong  membrane 
which  forms  the  front  part  of  the  eye. 

€ra'-iii-iim,  n.  The  bones  which  en- 
close the  brain. 


«ii'-ti-€le,  n.  The  outer  skin  of  the 
body. 

di'-a-phragm  (-fram),  n.  The  muscle 
separating  the  chest  from  the  abdo- 
men. 

en-am'-el,  n.  The  hard  substance  cov- 
ering the  crown  of  the  tooth. 

eye,  n.     The  organ  of  vision. 

f  a'-cial  (f  a'-shal),  a.  Pertaining  to  the 
face. 

gust'-a-to-ry,  a.  Pertaining  to  tasting. 

in-spi-ra'-tion,  n.  The  act  of  breath- 
ing air  into  the  lungs. 

knu-ck'-le,  n.     The  joint  of  a  finger. 

lar'-ynx,  n.  The  upper  part  of  the 
wind  pipe,  constituting  the  organ  of 
voice. 

lig'-a-ment,  n.  A  white,  inelastic  sub- 
stance serving  to  bind  one  bone  to 
another. 


LESSON    56. 

Pertainlnsr  to  tlie  Human  Body. 

God  made  the  human  body,  and  it  is  by  far  the  most  exquisite  and  wonderful  organization 
which  has  come  to  us  from  the  Divine  band.    It  is  a  study  for  one's  whole  life. —  Beecher. 


nie-daF-la  6b-16n-ga'-ta,  n.  The  up- 
per portion  of  the  spinal  cord,  within 
the  skull. 

iiiSm'-brane,  n.  A  thin  layer  of  tissue 
serving  to  cover  some  part  of  the  body, 

miis'-^les,  n.  pi.     Organs  of  motion. 

miis-ta<;jhe'  (mfis-tash'),  n.  The  part 
of  the  beard  which  grows  on  the  up- 
per lip. 

61-f  a€'-to-ry,  a.    Causing  to  smell. 

pa-t^l'-la,  n.     The  knee  pan. 

phy-gique'  (fe-gek'),  n.  Physical  struc- 
ture of  a  person. 


pleu'-ra,  n.  The  membrane  that  lines 
the  chest. 

piil'-mo-na-ry,  a.  Pertaining  to  the 
lungs. 

pfll-sii'-tioii,  n.     A  beat  or  throb. 

ret'-i-na,  «.  The  membranous  expan- 
sion of  the  optic  nerve  in  the  interior 
of  the  eye  ball,  which  receives  the 
impressions  resulting  in  the  sense  of 
vision. 

sa-li'-va,  n.    Spittle. 

slidiil'-der,  n.  The  upper  part  of  the 
back. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


37 


st6ni'-a*li,  n.    The  organ  in  which  the 

food  is  digested. 
tem'-per-a-meiit,    n.        Physical    and 

mental  character  of  a  person. 
tdng-ue  (tung),  n.      Organ  of  speech 

and  taste. 
tym'-pa-num,  n.    The  drum  of  the  ear. 


ver'-te-bra  {pL  ver'-te-brae),  n.      A 

joint  or  segment  of  the  back  bone. 

vF-§ioii,  n.     Actual  sight. 

wrist,  n.      The  joint  which  unites  the 

hand  to  the  arm,  consisting  of  eight 

small  bones. 


LESSON    57. 

Procrastination  is  the  thief  of  time  ; 
Year  after  year  it  steals  till  all  are  fled, 
And,  to  the  mercies  of  a  moment  leaves 
The  vast  concerns  of  an  eternal  scheme.- 


el-e-men'-ta-ry,  a.  Simple;  consist- 
ing of  a  single  element. 

em-bel'-lishj-z/./.  To  adorn ;  to  beautify. 

en'-er-gy,  n.    Life ;  capacity  for  acting. 

e-nn'  mer-ate,  v.  t.     To  number. 

eii-vi'-roi>-meiit,  n.  That  which  sur- 
rounds. 

e'-qua-ble,  a.     Equal  and  uniform. 

e-rad'-i-€ate,  v.  t.    To  root  out. 

es-chew',  v.  t.     To  shun;  to  avoid. 

es-pe'-cial  (-pesh'-al),  a.  Particular; 
chief. 

es-sen'-tial,  a.  Indispensable ;  impor- 
tant. 


Young. 

e-ter'-iial,  a.     Everlasting. 

e-va-c'-u-ate,  v.  t.     To  make  empty. 

e-vap'-o-rate,  v.  i.  To  pass  off  in  vapor. 

ex-hib'-it,  "v.  t.  To  present  for  inspec- 
tion. 

ex-hil'-a-rate,  ^-  t-  To  make  glad  or 
joyous ;  to  enliven. 

ex-ist'-en^e,  n.     The  state  of  being. 

ex-panse',  n.     A  wide  extent  of  space. 

ex-pe'-di-ent,  ^.  Desirable;  advisable. 

ex-ten'-u-ate,  v.  t.    To  draw  out. 

ex'-tri-cate,  v.  t.     To  disentangle. 


LESSON    58. 

Never  a  law  was  born  that  did  not  fly 
Forth  from  the  bosom  of  Omnipotence, 
Matched,  wing-and-wing  with  evil  and  with  good, 
Avenger  and  rewarder—  both  of  QoA.—  Holland. 


ab-s-cond',  v.  i.     To  retire  from  public 

view  to  avoid  a  legal  process. 
ab-solve',   v.    t.      To  pardon ;    to   free 

from. 
a-C-^es'-so-ry,  n.     One  who  aids  crime, 

though  not  present  at  the  perpetration. 
a-e-€Ti§e',   v.  t.      To  charge   with;   to 

blame. 
a-e-knowl'-edge,  v.  t.     To  admit;  to 

confess. 


a-C-quif-tal,  n.     Formal  release   from 
a  charge. 

a-e'-tioii,  n.      Suit   at   law ;    an  act  or 
thing  done. 

ad'-e-quate,  a.    Equal. 

ad-jure',  v.  t.     To  charge  on  oath. 

ad-min-is-tra'-tor,    n.      A    man    who 

manages  an  intestate  estate. 
ad-Yl§e',  v.  t.     To  give  advice. 


88 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


ad'-TO  -eate,  n.  One  who  pleads  for 
another. 

af-fl-da'-vit,  n.  A  written  declaration 
upon  oath. 

af-f  irm',  v.  t.  To  declare  positively. 

a^-gres'-sive,  a.  Making  the  first  at- 
tack. 

a-gree'-meiit,  n.  A  bargain,  compact 
or  contract. 


al'-i-bi,  n.  A  plea  of  having  been  else- 
where at  the  time  an  offense  is  al- 
leged to  have  been  committed. 

al'-ieii  (aF-yeii),  n.    A  foreigner. 

al'-i-mo-nl,  n.  A  separate  mainte- 
nance. 

al-lege%  v.  t.     To  assert ;  to  affirm. 


LESSON    59. 
'Words  used  in  I^a^w. 

Plate  sin  with^o/rf,  and  the  strong  lance  of  Justice,  hurtless,  breaks  ; 


my's  straw  doth  pierce  \i.— Shakespeare. 

a-me'-na-ble,  a.     Responsible. 

am'-nes-ty,  n.  An  act  of  general  par- 
don. 

an-nu'-i-ty,  n.     An  annual  allowance. 

an-niir,  v.  t.    To  obliterate. 

an'-swer  (an'-ser),  v.  t.  To  respond  to. 

ap-peal',  v.  t.  To  make  application  for 
the  removal  of  a  cause  to  a  higher  court. 

ap-prai§'-al,  n.  A  valuation  by  au- 
thority. 

ar'-bi-tra-ry,  a.  Despotic:  absolute 
in  power. 

ar-raign',  v.  t.     To  accuse. 

at-tes-ta'-tion,  n.     Official  testimony. 

at-t6r'-liey,  n.  One  who  is  legally  ap- 
pointed by  another  to  transact  busi- 
for  him. 


clothe  it  in  rags,  a  pig- 


Legal    power ;    war- 


au-th5r'-i-ty,  n. 

rant;  rule. 

bail'-a-ble,  a.  Capable  of  being  set 
free  after  arrest. 

be-quest',  «.      Something  left  by  will. 

€at'-e-€lli§e,  v.  t.  To  question  or  ex- 
amine. 

^er-tif'-i-cate,  n.  A  testimony  in 
writing. 

■elaim'-anty  n.  One  who  demands  some- 
thing as  his  right. 

■clem'-en-§y,  n.  Disposition  to  treat 
with  favor  and  kindness. 

■€li'-eut,  n.  One  who  applies  to  a  law- 
yer for  advice  on  a  question  of  law. 

■eode,  n.     A  system  of  laws. 


LESSON    60. 
'Words  used  in  I^a-w. 

lyCt  US  consider  the  reason  of  the  case,  for  nothing  is  law  that  is  not  reason.' 


«6d'-i-<jn,  n.     Supplement  to  a  will. 

■edn-dSniii',  v.  i.  To  pronounce  to  be 
wrong;  to  doom. 

«or-r6b'-o-rate,  v.  t.    To  confirm. 

«r6ss'-que8-tion,  v.  t.  To  cross-exam- 
ine. 


de-f  ^iid'-ant,  n. 

complaint. 


One  who  opposes  a 


de-po'-neut,  n.  One  who  gives  written 
testimony  to  be  used  in  court. 

dd-e'-u-ment,  n.  A  writing  furnishing 
proof  of  evidence. 

eq'-ui-ta-bly  (Sk'-wi-),  aclv.  Justly; 
impartially. 

Sx-S«'-u-tor,  n.     One  who  performs. 

€S-^€'-u-tive,  a.  Concerned  with  car- 
rying into  effect. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


ex-e-e'-u-trix,  n      A  female  executor. 

ex'-pi-ate,  v.  t.    To  atone  for. 

f  i'-at,  n.     A  decree. 

^ar-J6ws,  n.      A  frame  for  the  execu 

tion  of  criminals. 
guard'-i-an,  n.   One  in  charge  of  prop 

erty  or  person  of  a  minor. 


giiilt'-y,  ^-     Wicked;  evincing  guilt. 
hei'-iious,  a.     Enormous;  odious. 
her'-it-aa:e,  n.     Inheritance. 

ig-no-min'-i-ous,   a.      Shameful;    dis- 
honorable. 

il-le'-^al,  a.     Unlawful 


LESSON    61. 
ViTords  used  in  I^ai^. 

I^aw  and  eqaity  are  two  thing?  which  God  hath  joined,  but  which  man  hath  put  asunder.— Co//c7«. 


im'-pli-eate,  v.  t.     To  bring  into'con- 

nection  with. 
in-herMt,  v.  t.     To  receive  by  birth. 
in  iq'-ui-ty  (in  ik'-wi-ty),  n.    A  sin  or 

crime. 
in-jiis'-ti^.e,  n.     Violation  of  the  rights 

of  a  person. 
in-tes'-tqte,  a.     Without  a  will. 
in-Yal'-id,  a     Of  no  force. 
in-ves'-ti-gate,  v.  t.     To  inquire   into. 
judg'-mentj  «•     Decision  of  a  court. 
ju-di'-cial  (-dish'-al),  a.    Ordered  by 

a  court. 
ju-ris-di-e'-tion,  n.      The  limit  within 

which  power  may  be  exerted. 


jus'-ti^e,  n.  Merited  reward  or  pun- 
ishment. 

law'-yer,  n.     A  practitioner  of  law. 

leg'-a-^y,  n.     A  bequest. 

le'-gal-ly,  adv.     According  to  law. 

leg-a-tee',  n.  One  to  whom  a  legacy  i.s 
bequeathed. 

le-git'-i-mate,  a.  In  accordance  with 
law. 

le'-ui-ent,  a.  Merciful ;  acting  with- 
out severity. 

li'-a-ble,  a.     Responsible. 

li'-bel,  V-  t.     To  defame. 

li'-^ense,  n.  A  written  document  by 
which  permission  is  granted. 


LESSON    62. 

VITords  used  iu  L,ai!v. 

They  are  the  best  laws,  by  which  the  king  hath  the  greatest  prerogative,  and  the  people  the 
best  liberty.— .ffacow. 

iiul'-li-fy,  V.  t.  To  make  void;  to  de- 
prive of  legal  force. 

pen'-al-ty,  n.  Punishment  for  crime 
or  offense. 

pen-i-teu'-tia-ry  (-slia-ry),  n.  A  house 
of  correction  where  offenders  are 
confined  for  punishment,  and  made 
to  labor. 

per'-ju-ry,  n.     False  swearing. 

pef-it  (pet'-y),  a.     Small;  little. 

plaiii'-tiff,  n.  The  person  who  com- 
mences a  suit. 


lien,  n.    A  legal  claim. 

lit'-i-gate,  v.  t.    To  contest  in  law. 

mag'-AS-trate,  n.    A  public  civil  officer. 

mort'-gage  (mor'-gej),  n.  A  convey- 
ance of  property  for  security. 

mort-ga-gee'  (mor-),  n.  One  to  whom 
a  mortgage  is  given. 

mort'-ga-ger  (mor-),  n.  The  one  who 
conveys  property  as  security  for  the 
payment  of  debt. 

no'-ta-ry,  n.  A  public  officer  who  cer- 
tifies deeds  and  other  writings. 


40 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


plea,  n.  That  which  is  alleged  by  a 
party  in  support  of  his  cause. 

pro'-bate,  n.     Official  proof. 

rat'-a-ble,  a.  Liable  by  law  to  taxa- 
tion. 

re-lease',  v.  t.     To  give  liberty  to. 


rgt-ri-bu'-tioii,  n.  Reward  and  pun- 
ishment, 

S€af'-fol(l,  n.  An  elevated  platform 
for  the  execution  of  a  criminal. 

sig'-iia-tiire,  n.  One's  name  written 
by  his  own  hand. 


LESSON    63. 

'^^ords  used  in  I^a-w. 

The  greatest  attribute  of  Heaven  is  mercy  ; 
And  'tis  the  crown  of  justice,  and  the  glory, 
Where  it  may  kill  with  right,  to  save  with  pity.  -  Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 


sher'-iff,  «.  The  officer  of  the  county, 
who  executes  the  laws. 

dO-li§'-it-or,  n.  An  attorney  or  advo- 
cate. 

sub-poe'-na  (-pe-),  n.  A  writ  com- 
manding the  attendance  in  court  of 
the  person  on  whom  it  is  served,  as  a 
witness. 

sue,  V.  t.  To  seek  justice  by  legal 
process. 

te€li-nl-€al'-i-ty,  n.  That  which  is 
peculiar  to  any  profession  or  trade. 

tes'-ta-ment,  n.    A  will. 

tes'-ti-mo-ny,  n.     Proof  of  some  fact. 

tres'-pass,  n.  Voluntary  transgression 
of  the  moral  law. 

trl-bii'-iial,  «.     A  court  of  justice. 


yal'-id,  a. 

force. 


Having  legal   strength  or 
A   neighborhood   or  near 


Yen'-ue,  n 

place. 

yer'-di-et,  «.     Decision,  judgment. 

yer'-i-f  y,  v.  t.     To  prove  to  be  true. 

ye'-to,  n.    An  authoritative  prohibition. 

yin'-di-eate,  v.  t.  To  defend  with  suc- 
cess. 

yoid,  a.    Of  no  legal  effect  whatsoever. 

youch,  V.  t.  To  make  good  a  warranty 
of  title. 

vouch-ee',  «.  The  one  who  is  called 
into  court  to  make  good  his  warranty 
of  title. 

youch'-er,  n.  One  who  vouches  to 
anything. 

wrdng",  n.     That  which  is  not  right. 


LESSON    64. 

DICTAXlOBi  KXHRCISK. 

The  quality  of  mercy  is  not  strained, — 

It  droppeth  as  the  gentle  rain  from  Heaven 

Upon  the  place  beneath;  it  is  twice  blessed, — 

It  blesseth  him  that  gives  and  him  that  takes: 

It  becomes  the  throned  monarch  better  than  his  crown : 

But  mercy  is  above  this  sceptered  sway, — 

It  is  an  attribute  to  God  himself; 

And  earthly  power  doth  then  show  likest  God's, 

When  mercy  seasons  justice. — Shakespeare. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


41 


LESSON   65. 

CRIMHS  ANO  CRI9IIP(AI^S. 

Oh  how  many  deeds  of  deathless  virtue  and  immortal  crime, 
The  world  had  wanted,  had  the  actor  said. 
'I  will  do  this  tomorrow.'  " 


ab-dii-et',  v.  t.      To  take  away  surrep 

titiously. 
as-sas'-sm,  n.    One  who  tries  to  kill 

by  secret  assault. 
l)urg'-lar,  n.     One  who  breaks  into  a 

house  to  steal. 
•eon-spir'-a-^y,  n.     A  combination    of 

men  for  an  evil  purpose. 
•€rim'-i-iial,  n.     One  guilty  of  crime. 
f  el'-on,  n.     A  person  guilty  or  capable 

of  crime. 
frat'-ri-Qide,    n.       One    who    kills    a 

brother. 

nom'-i-Qide,    n. 

another. 


A  person  who  kills 


im-pos'-tor,  «.     A  pretender. 

in-gen'-di-a-ry,  n.  One  who  secretly 
sets  fire  to  a  building. 

lar'-Qe-ny,  n.    Theft. 

rob'-ber-y,  «.     Plunder ;  theft. 

rogue,  n.    A  cheat. 

ruf '-flan  (-yan),  «.    A  brutal  fellow. 

smut'-^ler,  n.  One  who  exports  or  im- 
ports secretly  without  paying  duty. 

stig'-ma,  n.     Any  mark  of  infamy. 

su'-i-^ide,  n.     Self-murder. 

thiev'-er-y,  n.    Theft. 

ya'-gran-^y,  n.  Wandering  without  a 
settled  home. 

viF-lain,  n.     A  wicked,  vile  person. 


LESSON    66. 

II09I0PII0:K0US  liVORDS. 

One  crowded  hour  of  a  glorious  life 

Is  worth  a  world  without  a  name.—  Walter  Scott. 


dew  (du),  n.     Moisture  in  the  atmos- 
phere condensed. 
due,  a.     Owed,  as  a  debt. 

d6ne,  p.  p.     Completed. 
diiii,  V.  t.     To  urge  payment;    (a.)  a 
brown  color. 

die,  V.  z.    To  cease  to  live. 
dye,  V.  t.    To  color. 

du'-al,  a.     Consisting  of  two. 
du'-el,  n.     A  combat  between  two. 

dy'-ing",  v.      Ceasing    to  live ;    fading 

from  view. 
dye'-ing,  v.    Coloring. 


earn,  v.  t.     To  gain  by  labor. 
ftrn,  n.     A  vessel  for  earth  or  ashes. 

ewe  (y^),  n.     A  female  sheep. 
yew,  n.     A  kind  of  tree. 

fair,  a.    Just;  beautiful. 

fare,  n.     Food;  the  sum  paid  for  con 

veying  a  person  from  one  place   to 

another. 

fate,  n.     Doom. 
fete,  n.     A  feast. 
flea,  n.     A  small  insect. 
flee,  V.  i.     To  run  away. 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


LESSON    67. 


GOVKRISMEINX. 


For  forms  of  government  let  fools  contest ; 

Whatever  is  best  administered  is  best  ; 

For  modes  of  faith  let  graceless  sealots  fight ; 

His  can't  be  wrong  whose  life  is  in  the  right.—  Pope 


ab'-so-liite,  a.     Without  limit, 

al-Ie'-giange,  n.  The  duty  of  fidelity 
to  a  king,  government,  or  state. 

am-bas'-sa-dor,  n.  The  representative 
of  one  sovereign  at  the  court  of 
another. 

aii'-ar-ch-y,  n.     Want   of  government. 

€5n'-gress,  n.  The  Legislature  of  the 
United  States. 

«6ii-sti-tu'-tioii-aI,  a.  Regulated  by 
the  constitution. 

■edn'-sul,  n.  An  official  commissioned 
to  reside  in  a  foreign  country  as  an 
agent  or  representative. 

Czar,  n.  Title  of  the  emperor  of  Rus- 
sia. 

^6v'-ern-ment,  n.  Exercise  of  author- 
ity;  restraint. 

gdv'-erii-or,  n.  One  who  is  invested 
with  supreme  authority  in  a  state. 


The  supreme  power 
Vested  in  a  single 


leg'-is-la-ture,  «. 

of  a  state. 
mo-iiar'-€hic-al,  a 

ruler. 

na'-tioii-al,  a.  Common  to  a  whole 
people  or  race. 

par'-lia-ment,  n.  The  supreme  coun- 
cil. 

pre§'-i-den-^y,  n.     Office  of  president. 

quo'-rum,  n.  The  number  of  members 
of  any  body  competent  by  law  to 
transact  business. 

re-pub'-li-C,  n.  A  country  governed 
by  men  chosen  by  the  people. 

rep-re-§eiit'-a-tive,  n.  A  member  of 
the  lower  house  in  a  State  Legisla- 
ture or  in  the  National  Congress. 

seii'-a-tor,  n.     A  member  of  a  senate. 

sdv'-er-eign,  n.    Supreme  in  power. 


LESSON   68. 

DICXAXIOT^  KXKRCISH. 

We,  the  People  of  the  United  States,  in  order  to  form  a  more  perfect  union, 
establish  justice,  insure  domestic  tranquillity,  provide  for  the  common  defence, 
promote  the  general  welfare,  and  secure  the  blessings  of  liberty  to  ourselves  and 
posterity,  do  ordain  and  establish  this  Constitution  for  the  United  States 
of  America. 

This  Constitution,  and  the  laws  of  the  United  States  which  shall  be  made  in 
pursuance  thereof,  and  all  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  the 
authority  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  the  supreme  law  of  the  land,  and  the 
Judges  in  every  State  shall  be  bound  thereby,  anything  in  the  Constitution  or 
laws  of  any  State  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding.— /^r<^;«  Constitution  United 
States. 


SPELLING  AND  DEFINING. 


43 


LESSON    69. 

I»BirTAINI]SG  XO  AUXHOiriTY. 

Obedience  is  nobler  than  freedom.    What's  free  ? 

The  vex'd  straw  on  the  wind,  the  frothed  spume  on  the  sea  ? 

The  great  ocean  itself,  as  it  rolls  and  it  swells. 

In  the  bonds  of  a  boundless  obedience  dwells.—  Owen  Meredith. 


a-e-qui-esQe',  v.  i.  To  comply ;  to  agree 
to. 

au-tlien'-ti-eate,  v.  t.  To  establish 
by  proof. 

ban'-ish,  v.  t.     To  drive  away. 

be-seecli%  v.  t.  To  entreat ;  to  implore. 

■earte  blanche' (kart  blansh'),  «  Un- 
limited authority. 

€Om-per,  V.  t.  To  urge  by  force ;  to 
oblige. 

€6m-pli'-aii§e,  n.  A  disposition  to 
yield  to  others. 

•eon-^es'-sion,  n.     The  act  of  yielding. 

€6ii-f6rm',  v.  i.     To  obey ;   to  yield  to. 

■eon-jure',  v.  t.     To  implore  earnestly. 


■eon-tror,  v.  t.     To  govern. 

«ri-te'-ri-on,  n.  A  standard  of  judging. 

de-^i'-§ioii,  n.      Unwavering  firmness. 

di€:-ta'-tor,  n.  One  invested  with  ab- 
solute authority. 

d6m-i-neer%  v.  i.  To  rule  with  inso- 
lence ;  to  be  overbearing. 

en-f  6rQe%  v.  t.     To  compel. 

ex-dn'-er-ate,  v.  t.  To  clear  of  an  ac- 
cusation. 

f  6r-bade',  v.  t.     Prohibited. 

im-per'-a-tiye,  a.     Commanding. 

im-por-tiine',  v.  t.  To  request  with 
urgency. 


LESSON    70. 

Pertainlns:  to  Antliority. 

Man,  proud  man,  dressed  in  a  little  brief  authority, 
Plays  such  fantastic  tricks  before  high  heaven. 
As  make  the  angels  weep.—  Shakespeare. 


in-dul'-gen^e,  n.     A  favor  granted. 
in'-flu-en^e,    n.        Controlling    power 

quietly  exerted. 
lim'-it-a-ble,  a.     Restrained. 
man'-date,  n.     An  official  command. 
iio'-ti-fy  ,  V.  t.     To  give  notice  to. 
o-bey%  V.  t.     To  be  ruled  by. 
op-pres'-sioii,  n.    The  state  of  being 

oppressed;  severity. 
par'-don-a-ble,  a.  Admitting  of  excuse. 
per'-emp-to-ry,  a.  Absolute ;  positive ; 

decisive. 
per-mis'-si-ble,  a.     Allowable. 
per-suade'  (-swad),  v.  t.    To  influence 

by  argument. 


pre'-gept,  n.  A  direction  to  be  fol- 
lowed. 

pro-hib'-it,  "z/.  t.    To  forbid. 

re-f  u§'-al,  n.  Denial  of  anything  de- 
manded or  offered  for  acceptance. 

re-mis'-si-ble,  a.  Capable  of  being  re- 
mitted or  forgiven. 

rep'-ri-mand,  n.  Severe  reproof  for  a 
fault. 

re-§ign%  v.  t.     To  yield  to  another. 

re  strain t%  n.  That  which  restrains 
or  hinders  any  action,  physical,  moral 
or  mental. 

rig'  or-otis,  a.     Exact ;  severe. 

san-e'-tion,  v.  t.  To  give  validity  or 
authority  to.  '  - 


44 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


LESSON    71. 
Pertaining:  to  Authority. 

All  government,  all  exercise  of  power,  no  matter  in  what  form,  which  is  not  based  in  love  and 


directed  by  knowledge,  is  a  tyranny.—  Mrs.  Jameson. 


serv'-ant,  n.  One  who  labors  for  his 
master  or  employer. 

serv'-ige,  n.  Labor  performed  for  an- 
other. 

se-yere',  a.    Very  strict. 
se-ver'-i-ty,  n.       Extreme    strictness; 
harshness. 

slay'-er-y,  n.     Bondage. 

stern'-ness,  n.    Severity. 

stri-et'-ness,  n.  Exactness  in  the  ob- 
servance of  rules. 

strin'-gent,  a.  Making  severe  require- 
ments. 

sfib-je'C'-tion,  n.     Bringing  under  the 


dominion  of  another. 


sub-mis'-sioii,  n. 

ence. 
sub  dr'-di-nate,  a 

position. 
sup'-pli-«ate,  v.  z. 
su-pr?m'-a-^y,  n. 
sur-veil'-lan^e,  n. 
te-ua§'-i-ty,  n 
thwart,  V.  t. 


Meekness;    obedi- 

Holding  a  lower 

To  implore. 
Higher   authority. 
Inspection;  watch. 
Firmness. 
To  frustrate  or  defeat. 
ty-ran'-ni€-al,  a.     Severe  in  govern- 
ment. 
um'-pire,  n.     One  who  decides  a  con- 
troversy. 
uii-^er'-tain-ty,  n.     Doubtfulness. 


yield, 


/.     To  give  up  the  contest; 


to  submit. 


LESSON    72. 

l^ORDS  USHO  1^  POtrlXICS. 

If  you  can  climb  to  the  top  without  falling, 
Do  it.     If  not,  go  as  high  as  you  can. 

Man  is  not  honored  by  business  or  calling  ; 
Business  and  calling  are  honored  by  man. 


ap-point-ee',  n.     A  person  appointed. 
bal'-lot,  n.     A  printed  ticket  used  in 

voting ;  the  act  of  voting  by  ticket. 
•eam-paign',  fi.      The  time  an  army 

keeps  the  field. 
•cau'-di-date,  n.     One  who  seeks  an 

office  or  is  proposed  for  the  same. 
del'-e-gate,  n.     A  representative. 
dSm'-a-gdgue,  n.     An  artful  political 

orator. 
e-lS€-tion-eer',  v.  i.     To  use  arts  to 

secure  an  election. 
Sl'-i-gi-ble,  a.     Proper  to  be  chosen. 
f  Sd'-er-al,  a.      Pertaining  to  a  league 

or  contract. 
league,  n.    A  union  of  persons. 
ma-jdr'-i-ty,  n.     More  than  half. 


mi-ndr'-i-ty,  n.     The  smaller  number. 

ndm-i-iia'-tioii,  n.  The  power  of  nam- 
ing for  an  office. 

ii5m-i-nee',  «.  One  who  has  been 
named  for  an  office. 

df-fi'-cial  (-fish'-al),  a.  Pertaining  to 
an  office  or  public  trust. 

pln-rar-i-ty,  n.  A  greater  number; 
the  excess  of  votes  cast  for  one  indi- 
vidual over  those  cast  for  any  one  oi 
several  competing  candidates. 

po-lit'-i-c-al,  a.  Relating  to  state  affairs. 

p61-i-tl'-cian  (-tish'-an),«.  One  versed 
in  politics. 

pre'-^^in^t,  n.  A  district  within  cer- 
tain boundaries. 

ii-iiau'-i-moil8,  a.     Of  one  mind. 


SPELLING   AND   DEFINING. 


45 


fal)'-u-lous,  a.     Not  real ;  fictitious. 

f  ar-li-l)le,  a.    Liable  to  fail  or  mistake. 

fas'-ten  (fas'-n),  v.  t.    To  fix  firmly. 

f  ea'-gi-ble,  a.     Capable  of  being  done. 

f er-menf,  v.  t.     To  set  in  motion. 

fi€-ti'-tioiis  (tisli'-us) ,  a.  Not  genu- 
ine; false. 

nr-ial  (fil'-yal),  a.  Bearing  the  rela- 
tion of  a  child  to  parents. 

f  r-nite,  a.     Having  a  limit. 

flex'-i-ble,  a.  Yielding  to  pressure; 
pliable. 

flim'-gy,  a.  Without  strength ;  of  loose 
structure. 


LESSON   73. 
MISCEI^I^ANEOUS. 

Pe  good,  my  dear,  let  who  will  be  clever  ; 

Do  noble  things,  not  dream  them  all  day  long  ; 
And  so  make  life,  death,  and  the  vast  forever, 

One  grand,  sweet  song.-  Charles  Kingsley. 

fo-ment',  v.  t. 

to. 


To  apply  warm  lotions 


f  6r'-tu-nate,  a.     Lucky. 

f  os'-sil,  n      That  which  is  old. 

frag'-ile,  a.     Easily  broken. 

frag'-ment,  n.  A  small  detached  por- 
tion. 

her-met'-i-e-al-ly,  adv.  Perfectly  close. 

hid'-e-otis,  a.     Dreadful  to  behold. 

hor'-ri-ble,  a.     Terrible. 

hy-me-ne'-al,  a-  Pertaining  to  mar- 
riage. 

hy'-phen,  n.  A  mark  for  joining  two 
syllables. 


LESSON   74. 

PHRXAIl^diKG  TO  SCHOOI^S. 

I  call  a  complete  and  generous  education,  that  which  fits  a  man  to  perform  justly,  skillfully 
and  magnanimously,  all  of  the  offices,  both  private  and  public,  of  peace  and  var. —  Milton. 


ab'-sen§e,  n.     State  of  being  absent. 

a-€ad'-e-my,  n.  A  school  of  arts  and 
sciences ;  or  one  holding  a  place  be- 
tween common  schools  and  colleges. 

Al'-ma  Ma'-ter,  n.  College  or  seminary 
where  one  is  educated. 

ba-c-«a-lau'-re-ate,  n.  Bachelor  of 
arts. 

•eat'-a-lo^ue,  n.     Register  of  names. 

€las'-si€-al,  a.  Of  the  first  rank,  es- 
pecially in  literature  or  art. 

•eoF-lege,  n.  A  school  for  study  and 
instruction  in  higher  branches. 


€6m-men§e'-ment. 


The  day  when 


degrees  are   conferred    by    colleges 
upon  students. 
€ur-ric'-u-ltim,  n.      A  course  of  study. 


Failing  in  duty. 
One  of  the  divisions 


de-Iin'-quent,  a. 
de-part'-ment,  n 

of  instruction. 

dis-Qi-plin-a'-ri-aii,  «.  One  who  en- 
forces rigid  discipline. 

ed'-u-ea-tor,  n.     One  who  educates. 

en-roir,  v.  t.     To  record. 

ex-am'-ine,  v.  t>  To  inquire  into ;  to 
scrutinize. 

ex'-er-(ji§e,  v.  t.  To  set  in  action ;  to 
develop. 

f  a-e'-ul-ty,  n.  A  body  of  men  to  whom 
any  specific  right  is  granted. 

grad'-u-ate,  v.  t.  To  mark  with  degrees. 

in'-sti-tute,  n.    Institution  of  learning. 

iii-stru-e'-tion,  n.  The  act  of  furnish- 
ing with  knowledge. 


46 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


LESSON    75. 
Pertaininjf  to  Sclioolt^. 

Mercy  is  the  fruit  of  knowledge,  cruelty,  of  ignorance.— CAaj.  Reade. 


iii-ter-mis'-sion,  n.  A  temporary  pause. 

kndwl'-edge,  «.     Information. 

ly-^e'-nm,  n.  An  association  for  liter- 
ary improvement. 

par-eh'-ment,  n.  The  skin  of  a  sheep 
or  goat  prepared  for  writing  on. 

ped'-a-gd^ue,  n.     A  school  master. - 

rS§-i-ta'-tion,  «.  The  rehearsal  of  a 
lesson  by  pupils  before  their  teacher. 

reg'-is-ter,  n.  A  roll ;  an  official  enu- 
meration. 

re^-u-lar'-i-ty,  n.     Conformity  to  rule. 

re-view'  (-vn),  n.    A  looking  over. 

S€h6F-ar-ship,  n.     Learning. 

s^l-eii-tif '-!€,  a.     Used  in  science. 

sem'-i-iia-ry,  n.  A  school,  academy, 
college  or  university. 


seii'-ior  (seen'-yur),   n.     One   in   the 

fourth  year  of  his  collegiate  course, 
or  third  year  at  a  professional  school. 

s5ph'-o-more,  «•  One  belonging  to  the 
second  of  the  four  classes  in  college. 

stii'-di-ous,  a.     Given  to  study. 

stu-pid'-i-ty,  n.  Extreme  dullness  of 
understanding. 

su-per-in-tend'-eiit,  n.  One  who  over- 
sees anything,  with  power  of  direction. 

teach'-a-ble,  a.    Apt  to  learn. 

tu-i'-tion,  n.  Money  paid  for  instruc- 
.tion. 

val-e-di-e'-to-ry,  n.  An  address  spoken 
at  commencement  of  a  college,  by 
one  of  the  class  who  receives  the  de- 
gree of  bachelor  of  arts. 


LESSON    76. 
DICXATIOT^  HXHRCISH. 

Knowledge  and  wisdom,  far  from  being  one. 
Have  oft  times  no  connection.     Knowledge  dwells 
In  heads  replete  with  thoughts  of  other  men ; 
Wisdom  in  minds  attentive  to  their  own. 
Knowledge  —  a  rude,  unprofitable  mass. 
The  mere  materials  with  which  Wisdom  builds, 
Till  smoothed,  and  squared,  and  fitted  to  its  place  — 
Does  but  encumber  whom  it  seems  to  enrich. 
Knowledge  is  proud  that  he  has  learned  so  much ; 
Wisdom  is  humble  that  he  knows  no  more.—  Cowpcr. 


LESSON    77. 

ORAXORY. 

He  i.s  the  eloquent  man  who  can  treat  subjects  of  an  humble  nature  with  delicacy,  lofty  things 
impressively,  and  moderate  things  temperately. —  Cicero. 


ad-drSss',  n.  A  formal  discourse  either 
written  or  verbal. 

ar-ti^'-ii-late,  a.      Distinctly  uttered. 

«a'-dSn<je,  n.  Regular  fall  or  modula- 
tion of  sound. 

di'-a-lS€t,  n.     Form  of  speech. 


e-ja-c'-u-late,  v.  i.  To  utter  by  sud- 
den impulse. 

fel-o-eu'-tion,  n.  The  power  of  ex- 
pression by  words. 

Sl'-o-queiit,  a.  Speaking  with  Huency 
and  elegance. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


47 


em'-pha-sis,  n.  Force  impressed  by 
pronunciation. 

ex-tem-po-ra'-ne-ous,  a.  Without  pre- 
vious study;  off-hand. 

flu'-ent,  a.     Gliding;  easily  moving. 

ges-ti€'-u-late,  v.  i.  To  make  motions ; 
to  act. 

gut'-tur-al,  a.     Formed  in  the  throat. 

ha-rangue',  n.  A  noisy  or  pompous 
speech. 


im-promp'-tii,  adv.  Without  previous 
study. 

le€'-ture,  n.  A  discourse  on  any  sub- 
ject. 

na'-gal,  a.     Spoken  through  the  nose. 

o-ra'-tion,  n.     An  elaborate  discourse. 

pro-nun-^i-a'-tion,  n.  The  act  of  ut- 
tering with  articulation. 

pun«-tu-a'-tion,  n.  The  art  of  point- 
ing a  writing  or  discourse. 

rhe-t6r'-i«-al,  a.     Oratorical. 


feat,  n.    An  exploit. 
feet,  n.     Plural  of  foot. 

flue,  n.  An  air  passage,  especially  that 

of  a  chimney. 
flew,  V.  i.     Past  of  fly. 
flour,  n.     Finely  ground  grain. 
flow'-er,  n.    A  blossom. 
fort,  n.     A  fortified  place. 
forte,  n.     That  in  which  one  excels. 
forth,  adv.     Forward. 
fourth,  n.     One  of  four  equal  parts: 

{a. )  next  following  third. 


LESSON   78. 

HOMOPIIOi^OUS  liVOROS. 

"  Not  all  who  seem  to  fail  have  failed  indeed, 

Not  all  who  fail  have  therefore  worked  in  vain ; 
For  all  our  acts  to  many  issues  lead." 

foul,  a.     Filthy. 

fowl,  «.     A  bird;  poultry. 


frank,  a.     Free;  candid. 
£rau€,  n.     A  French  coin. 

freeze,  v,  t.    To  congeal. 
frieze,  n.    A  coarse  cloth. 

gait,  n.    Manner  of  walking. 
gate,  n.    An  entrance. 

gilt,  n.     Appearing  like  gold. 
guilt,  n.     Crime. 


LESSON   79. 

Science,  when  well  digested,  is  nothing  but  good  sense  and  reason.- 


■  Stanislaus. 


n. 


The 


a-€ous'-ti«s    (-kow'-stiks), 

science  of  sounds. 
as-trdu'-o-my,  n.      The  scieYice  of  the 

heavenly  bodies. 
bi-dl'-o-gy,  n.     The  science  of  life. 
•ehem'-is-try,  n.     The  science  showing 

the  nature  and  properties  of  bodies. 
Sn-to-mSl'-o-gy,  n.    The  science  which 

treats  of  insects. 
Sth-n5r-o-gy,   n.       The    science  that 

treats  of  the  races  of  men. 


Treats  of  the  deri- 


et-y-mdl'-o-gy,  n. 

vation  of  words. 

gas-tr6n'-o-my,  n.  The  science  of  good 
eating. 

ge-SF-o-gy,  n.  The  science  which  treats 
of  the  structure  of  the  earth. 

ge-om'-e-try,  n.  The  science  of  quan- 
tity and  mensuration. 

gram'-mar,  n.  The  science  of  language. 

hy'-^i-ene,  n.  The  part  of  medical 
science  which  treats  of  the  preserva- 
tion  of  health. 


48 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


phi-lSs'-O-phy,  n.  The  science  of  ef- 
fects by  their  causes. 

pho-t6g'-ra-phy,  n.  The  science  of 
the  action  of  light  on  bodies. 

ph^^g-i-dl'-O-gy,  n.  The  science  which 
treats  of  organs  and  their  functions, 
in  animals  and  plants. 

po-mSl'-O-gy,  n.     Science  of  fruits. 


sta-tist'-i€S,  n.  The  science  which 
collects  and  classifies  facts. 

te-leg'-ra-phy,  n.  The  science  of  com- 
municating by  means  of  telegraphs. 

tlie-ol'-o-gy,  n.  The  science  of  God 
and  his  relations  to  his  creatures. 

the'-o-ry,  n.  An  exposition  of  the  gen- 
eral principles  of  any  science. 


LESSON    80. 
DICXAXIOI*  KXKRCISH. 

I  value  science  —  none  can  prize  it  more, 

It  gives  ten  thousand  motives  to  adore 

Be  it  religious,  as  it  ought  to  be. 

The  heart  it  humbles,  and  it  bows  the  knee ; 

What  time  it  lays  the  breast  of  nature  bare. 

Discerns  God's  fingers  working  everywhere. 

In  the  vast  sweep  of  all  embracing  laws. 

Finds  Him  the  real  and  only  Cause ; 

And  in  the  light  of  clearest  evidence 

Perceives  Him  acting  in  the  present  tense ; 

Not  as  some  :laim,  once  acting,  but  now  not. 

The  glorious  product  of  His  hands  forgot  — 

Having  wound  up  the  grand  aut6m''aton 

Leaving  it,  henceforth,  to  itself  to  run. — Abraham  Coles. 


LESSON    81. 

When  man  seized  the  loadstone  of  science,  the  loadstar  of  superstition  vanished   in  the 
clouds.—  W.  R.  Alger. 


ap-pa-ra'-tiis,  n.  A  set  of  instruments 
for  performing  scientific  experiments. 

ba-rSm'-e-ter,  n.  An  instrument  for 
determining  the  weight  of  the  atmos- 
phere. 

■er^'-^l-ble,  n.  An  earthen  pot  for 
melting  metals. 

M-c'-tion,  p.  The  effect  of  rubbing, 
or  the  resistance  which  a  body  meets 
with  from  the  surface  on  which  it 
moves. 

fuse,  v.t.    To  dissolve  by  heat ;  to  melt. 

j^al'-va-iiisin,  n.     Current  electricity. 

Iiy-<lr^ul'-i«,  a.  Pertaining  to  fluids  in 
motion. 


hy'-dro-geii,  n.  A  gas  which  consti- 
tutes one  of  the  elements  of  water. 

lab'-o-ra-to-ry,  n.  The  work-room  of 
a  chemist. 

mr-ero-S€ope,  n.  An  optical  instru- 
ment for  magnifying  objects. 

ni'-tro-geii,  n.  A  gaseous  element 
without  taste,  odor  or  color. 

dx'-y-^en,  n.  A  gas  without  smell, 
taste  or  color. 

6'-z6iie, «.  Oxygen  in  a  condensed  form. 

]>lir/-ilO-^l*«ll>J»»  «•  ^^"  instrument  for 
the  mechanical  registration  and  re- 
production of  sounds. 


SPELLING   AND   DEFINING. 


49 


stt-e-'tioii,  n.  The  act  of  drawing  by- 
exhausting  the  air. 

tel'-e-phone,  n.  An  instrument  for 
reproducing  articulate  speech  at  a 
distance,  by  the  aid  of  electricity. 

tel'-e-S€ope,  n.  An  optical  instrument 
for  viewing  distant  objects. 


ther-moDi'-e-ter,  n.      An  instrument 
for  measuring  temperature. 

va-c'-u-um,  n.      A  space  empty  or  de- 
void of  all  matter. 

ye-lo-c'-i-ty,  n.     Rate  of  motion. 


LESSON   82. 
diischi<i^a:kkous. 

Perseverance  is  a  Roman  virtue 

That  wins  each  god-like  act,  and  plucks  success 

Even  from  the  spear-proof  crest  of  rugged  danger 


i'-§i-cle,  n.     A  pendant  mass  of  ice. 

id'-i-o-^y,  n.  Natural  absence  or  marked 
deficiency  of  sense  and  intelligence. 

im-ma-te'-ri-al,  a.     Unimportant. 

im-moY'-a-ble,  a.  Firmly  fixed ;  stead- 
fast. 

im-pair%  v.  t.  I'o  weaken ;  to  make 
worse. 

im-pass'-a-ble,  a.  Incapable  of  being 
passed. 

im-pede%  v.  t.    To  hinder. 

im-pen'-e-tra-ble,  a.  Not  to  be  en- 
tered. 

im-per'-fe€t,  a.  Defective  in  quantity 
or  quality. 

im'-ple-ment,  n.  An  instrument  or 
utensil  as  supplying  a  requisite  to  an 
end. 


Havard. 

in-ap-pro'-pri-ate,  a.    Unsuitable. 
in-au'-gu-rate,  v,  t.  To  make  a  public 
exhibition  for  the  first  time. 

in-€ar'-5er-ate,  v.  t.  To  confine  in  jail 
or   prison. 

in'-§i-dent,  «.  An  event;  a  circum- 
stance. 

in-eSg'-iii-to,  a.  In  disguise  or  under 
an  assumed  character. 

in-eo-her'-eut,  a.  Unconnected;  in- 
consistent. 

in-€5u-sist'-eiit,  a.     At  variance. 

in-€ur-eate,  v.  t.  To  impress  by  fre- 
quent admonitions. 

in-def'-i-nite,  a.  Having  no  certain 
limits. 

in-ey'-i-ta-ble,  a.    Unavoidable. 


LESSON   83. 

ARITHMKXIC. 

Application  is  the  price  to  be  paid  for  mental  acquisition, 
the  seed.— ^az/^y. 

ab'-stra-et,  a.  Used  without  applica- 
tion to  things. 

ad-di'-tioiij  n.  Increase;  that  part  of 
arithmetic  which  treats  of  adding 
numbers. 

a-mount^  n.     The  sum  total  or  result. 

a-iial'-y-sis,  n.  Resolution  of  anything 
into  Its  elements. 

To  separate  into  first 


To  have  the  harvest  we  must  sow 


an'-a-l^ze,  v.  t 

principles. 

a-rith'-me-ti«, 

numbers. 


The    science    of 


ay'-er-age,  n.    A  mean  proportion. 

ay-oir-du-poi§'  (ay-er-),  n.  A  system 
of  weights  for  coarser  commodities. 

ba'-sis,  n.     The  first  principle. 

€al'-€U-late,  ^.  /.  To  reckon ;  to  com- 
pute. 

■car'-at,  n.     Weight  of  four  grains. 

§i'-pher,  n.  A  character  that  by  itseit 
expresses  nothing,  but  placed  at  the 
right  of  a  number  increases  its  value 
tenfold. 


60 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


dS<j'-i-mal,  n.    Having  tenfold  increase 

or  decrease. 
dSf M-jit,  n.     Deficiency  in  amount. 
dSm'-on-strate,  v.  t.    To  make  evident 

or  plain. 
de-ndm-i-na'-tion,  n.    A  name. 


di^-it,  n.  One  of  the  nine  figures ;  any 

number  to  ten. 
dim-i-nu'-tion,  n.     Making  or  growing 

less. 
dis'-eoniit,  n.     Payment  in  advance  of 

interest  upon  money  loaned. 
div'-i-deiid,  n.     A  number  divided. 


LESSON   84. 
Aritlimetlc. 

The  mind,  like  all  other  things,  will  become  impaired,  the  sciences  are  its  food, 
but  at  the  same  time  they  consume  it.—  Bruyire. 

di-yi'-gion,  n.     Separating  into  parts 


•they  nourish, 


ddl'-lar,  «.  A  silver  coin  of  the  U.  S. 
weighing  about  412 J^  grains;  also 
gold  coin  weighing  25^^  grains  stand- 
ard gold,  or  23^^  grains  pure  gold. 

,  -  /       >».J^oz. apothecary's  weight. 
drachm,  ^     /•        ^  -^  * 

dii-o-dS^'-i-mal,    a.       Proceeding    by 

twelves. 
e-quiv'-a-lent,  a.     Equal  in  value. 
ev-o-lu'-tion,    «.      The    extraction    of 

roots. 
^S-am'-ple,  n.     A  pattern  or  copy ;   a 

sample. 
ex-p6'-nent,  n.    That  which  points  out 

or  represents. 
Sx-tra-e'-tlon,  n.      The  act  of  drawing 

out. 


fra-c'-tion,  n.    A  portion. 

f  fin  da-mSn'-til,  n.     Essential  part. 

gross,  n.     Twelve  dozen ;  a.  coarse. 

gain,  n.     Profit;  benefit. 

gal'-lon,  n.  A  measure  containing  four 
quarts. 

gauge,  V.  t.    To  measure ;  to  estimate. 

halye,  v.  t.  To  divide  into  two  equal 
parts. 

in-siir'-ailge,  n.  Premium  paid  for  in- 
suring property. 

in'-te-gral,  a.     Entire ;  not  fractional. 

in'-ter-est,  n.  Premium  paid  for  use 
of  money. 

in-YO-lu'-tion,  n.  The  multiplication 
of  a  number  into  itself  a  given  num. 
ber  of  times. 


LESSON   85. 
Arltbinetlc. 

The  sciences  are  of  a  sociable  disposition,  and  flourish  best  in  the  neighborhood  of  each  other ; 
nor  is  there  any  branch  of  learning  but  may  be  heli>ed  and  improved  by  assistance  drawn  from 
other  arts.—  Biacksione. 


math-e-ma-ti'-cian,  n.      One  versed  in 

mathematics. 
max'-i-miim,  n.   The  greatest  quantity 

or  value  attainable. 
mSag'-iire,  «.       Estimated  extent  or 

limit. 
min'-i-miim,  n.      The  least  quantity 

possible  in  a  given  case. 
mIn'-u-Snd,  n.  The  number  from  which 

another  is  to  be  subtracted. 


naught, «.     Nothing. 

uine'-ti-eth,  n.  One  of  ninety  equal 
parts. 

no-ta'-tlon,  n.  Any  method  of  using 
signs,  symbols,  etc. 

nu-mer-a'-tion, «.  The  act  of  number- 
ing. 

nfi'-mer-al,  n.  A  figure  or  character 
used  to  express  a  number. 

quad'-rii-ple,  «.      A  fourfold  amount. 


SPELLING  AND  DEFINING. 


51 


quau'-ti-ty,  «.     Measure;  amount. 

quo'-tient  (kwo'-sheiit),  n.  The  num- 
ber resulting  from  dividing  one  num- 
ber by  another. 

re-^ip'-ro-€al,  n.  The  quotient  aris- 
ing from  dividing  unity  by  any  quan- 
tity. 

ra'-ti-o  (-shi-o),  n.  Fixed  relation  of 
numbers. 


re-ek'-on,  v.  t.     To  compute. 
re-main'-der,  n.     Anything  left  after 

removal  of  part. 
s-eale,  n.     Basis  for  a  numeral  system. 
un'-der-wri-ter,  n.    One  who  insures; 

an  insurer. 

Illegal  interest. 


LESSON   86. 

"  Right  is  the  center  of  a  circle,  '  about  right '  its  circumference 
drawn  to  any  size,  but  the  center  always  remains  the  same." 


a-c'-me,  n.     The  highest  point. 

aF-ti-tude,  n.    Height. 

an'-gle,  n.  A  point  where  two  lines 
meet. 

ar€,  n.     A  segment  of  a  circle. 

a'-re-a,  n.     Any  plane  surface. 

^en'-tral,  a.     Near  the  center. 

^ir'-ele,  n.  A  plane  figure  bounded 
by  a  single  curved  line,  every  point 
of  which  is  equally  distant  from  a 
point  within  called  the  center. 

^Tr-€um'-fer-en§e,  n.  The  line  that 
bounds  a  circle. 

€dl'-uiim,  n.  A  cylindrical  support  for 
a  roof ;  a  perpendicular  set  of  lines. 

€dn'-€aTe,  a-     Hollow. 


the  circumference  may  be 
Regularly  protuberant  or 

The  figure  of  the  new 


€6ii'-vex,  a. 

bulging. 
«res'-§ent,  n. 

moon. 
•€u'-bi€,  a.     Having  the  form  of  a  cube. 
■eiir'-va-ture,  n.    A  continued  bending. 
§y'-ele,  n.    A  circle. 
^yl'-in-der,  n.     A  long,  circular  body 

of  uniform  diameter. 
di-ag'-o-iial,  n.     The  line  joining  two 
not  adjacent  angles  of  a  quadrilateral. 
di-am'-e-ter,  n.  A  straight  line  through 

the  center  of  a  circle  or  sphere. 
height,  n.  Altitude ;  elevation. 
hex'-a-^6n,  n.      A  plane  figure  of  six 

side-i  and  six  angles. 


LESSON    87. 

Lflnes  and  Korms. 

Curved  is  the  line  of  beauty, 
Straight  is  the  line  of  duty  : 
Follow  the  last  and  thou  shalt  see 
The  other  ever  following  thee." 


hSr-i-zSn'-tal,  a.  Parallel  to  the  hori- 
zon ;  on  a  level. 

hy-pdt'-e-nuse,  «.  The  longest  side 
of  a  right-angled  triangle. 

Ir-ref'-ii-Iar,  a.    Not  uniform. 

db-lique'  (-leek  or  -lik),  a.     Slanting. 

6b-tuse%  a.  An  angle  greater  than  a 
right  angle. 


d-e'-ta-gon,  n.  A  plane  figure  of  eight 
sides  and  eight  angles. 

par'-al-lel,  n.  Lines  equidistant  from 
each  other,  proceeding  in  the  same 
direction. 

per-pen-dicMi-lar, «.  Vertical;  in  ge- 
ometry, at  right  angles  to  a  given  line. 


por-y-fon, 


A  plane  figure  with 


more  than  four  sides. 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


pj^r'-a-mid,  a.     A  solid  with  triangular 

sides  meeting  in  a  common  vertex. 
py-ram'-i-dal,  a.    Relating  to  pyramid. 
quad'-ran-gle,  n.     A  plane  figure  with 

four  angles. 
quad-ri-lat'-er-al,  n.     A  figure  having 

four  sides  and  four  angles. 
ra'-di-ils,  n.     Half  the  diameter  of  a 

circle. 


rS«'-taii-gle,  n.     A  figure  having  four 

sides  and  four  right  angles. 
so-lid'-i-ty,  n.     Density. 
spher'-ic-al,  a.     Round,  like  a  sphere. 
tri-an'-gii-lar,  a.  Having  three  angles. 
ver'-ti-eal,  a.     Upright. 
ze'-nith,  n.    The  point  in  the  heavens 

directly  overhead. 


LESSON    88. 
DICTAXION  KXEiRCISK. 

If  Upright  or  horizontal,  or  obliquely  1  incline, 

Whether  straight  or  curved  you  see  me,  I  am  what  is  called  a  line. 

Like  railroad  tracks  or  telegraph  wires  or  many  things  that  I  could  tell. 

Which  side  by  side  extend  so  even,  are  lines  which  we  call  parallel. 

Should  two  of  us  be  joined  together  at  one  end,  and  then  we  take 

Different  directions,  wholly,  'tis  an  angle  that  we  make. 

When  the  lines  are  perpendicular,  a  right  angle  you  will  find ; 

Acute  is  smaller,  obtuse  is  larger,  here  is  one  of  every  kind. 

Draw  these  lines  as  I  will  show  you ;  count  them  —  one,  two,  three, 

And  because  there  are  three  angles,  'tis  a  triangle  you  see. 

Very  many  kinds  there  may  be,  right-angled,  acute,  obtuse, 

I-s5s-se-les  and  equilateral ;  let  not  these  names  your  mind  confuse. 

If  we  have  four  sides  all  equal,  four  right  angles  where  they  meet, 

And  have  drawn  our  figure  neatly,  we  shall  have  a  square  complete." 


LESSON    89. 

HOmOPHO^OlTS  "WORDS. 

A  man  can  bear  a  world's  contempt, 

When  he  has  that  within  which  says  he's  worthy 


gam'-bol,  V.  i.     To  play ;  to  frolic. 
gam'-ble,  v.  i.     To  play  for  money. 

gnSssed,  v.  t.     Conjectured. 
g:uSst,  n.     A  visitor. 

h&re,  n.    A  small  animal. 
hair,  n.     The  covering  of  part  of  the 
head. 

hear,  v.  t.     To  perceive  by  the  ear. 
here,  adv.     In  this  place. 
heel,  «.     The  back  part  of  the  foot. 
heftl)  V.  t.     To  effect  a  cure. 


A  lex  a  n  der  Sm  ith . 

heart,  n.     A  vital  organ. 
hart,  «.     A  wild  animal. 
hew  (hu),  V.  t.     To  cut  roughly. 
hue,  n.     A  tint ;  a  color. 

heard,  v.  t.     Past  tense  of  hear. 
herd,  n.     A  number  of  beasts  assem- 
bled together. 

him,  pron.     Objective  case  of  he. 
hj^inu,  n.     A  song  of  devotion. 

hole,  n.     An  opening. 
wh51e,  a.    All  of  anything. 


SPELLING   AND   DEFINING. 


53 


LESSON    90. 

OHOGRAPHV. 

Weep  not  that  the  world  changes  ;  did  it  keep 

A  stable,  changeless  state,  'twere  cause  indeed  to  weep 


ab-o-rig'-i-iial,  a.  First;  primitive; 
original. 

a-bjfss',  n.     A  bottomless  depth  or  gulf. 

at'-mos-phere,  n.  The  air  that  sur- 
rounds the  earth. 

aii-ro'-ra  bo-re-a'-lis,  n.  The  north- 
em  lights. 

■eat'-a-ra-et,  n.     A  large  waterfall. 

■eha§m,  n.  A  deep  opening  caused  by- 
rupture. 

■eol'-o-ny,  n.     A  settlement. 

€ra'-ter,  n.     The  mouth  of  a  volcano. 

e-qua'-tor,  «.  A  great  circle  which 
divides  the  earth  into  the  northern 
and  southern  hemispheres. 

e'-qiii-nox,  n.  The  time  when  days 
and  nights  are  equal  in  length. 


Bryant. 

fron'-tier, «.     The  part  of  a  country 

that  fronts  on  another  country. 
gey'-ser,  n.  A  boiling  fountain. 
ge-dg'-ra-phy,  n.     The  science  which 

treats  of  the  earth  and  its  inhabitants. 
gla'-§ier,  n.    A  field  of  ice  or  snow 

moving  slowly  down  a  mountain  side. 
hem'-i-sphere,  n.     A  half  sphere. 
ho-ri'-zon,  n.      The  apparent  junction 

of  earth  and  sky. 
is'-land  (il'-and),  n.      A  body  of  land 

surrounded  by  water. 
lat'-i-tude,  n.      Distance  either  north 

or  south  of  the  equator. 
lon'-^i-tude,  n.    Distance  either  east  or 

west  of  some  given  meridian. 
me-rid'-i-an,  n.      An  imaginary  great 

circle  passing  around  the  earth,  and 

through  the  poles. 


LESSON   91. 

Oeosrrapby. 

I  believe  this  earth  is  but  the  vestibule  to  glorious  mansions,  through  which  a  moving  crowd 
forever  press. — Joanna  Baillie. 


me'-te-or,  n.     A  transient,  fiery  body 
seen  in  the  atmosphere. 

me-trdp'-O-Iis,  n.     The  chief  city  of  a 

state  or  country. 
mi-rage'  (-razh),  n.  An  optical  illusion. 
o'-a-sis,  n.     A  fertile  spot  in  a  desert. 
o-^e-an'-i-e  (-she-an'-)?  ^-     Found   or 

formed  in  the  ocean. 
peu-in'-su-la  (sti-,  or  -sliu-),  n.     Land 

almost  surrounded  by  water. 
pla-tean'  (-to),  n.  A  level  area  of  land 

in  an  elevated  position. 
prai'-rie,  n.      An  extensive  tract  of 

land  without  trees. 
pre§'-i-pi^e,  n.     A  very  steep  descent. 
ra-vine'  (ra-ven'),  n.     A  deep  hollo|v. 


S^en'-er-y,  n.  Combination  of  natural 
views. 

se-e'-tion,  n.     A  division;  a  portion. 

so'-lar,  a.     Pertaining  to  the  sun. 

snb-ter-ra'  ne-ous,  a.    Under  ground. 

stir'-fage,  n.    The  outside. 

tor'- rent,  n.  A  stream  running  rapid- 
ly, as  down  a  precipice. 

ter'-ri-to-ry,  n.  Extent  of  country  not 
yet  admitted  as  a  State  into  the 
Union,  but  has  a  separate  legislature 
of  its  own. 

trop'-i-e-al,  a.  Pertaining  to  the  trop- 
ics. 

iin'-du-la-ting,  p.  a.  Rising  and  fall- 
ing like  waves ;  rolling. 

val'-ley,  n.  Space  between  hills  or 
mountains. 


54 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


LESSON    92. 

DICXATIO:?^  HXHRCISK. 

'* The  Strange  current  of  human  existence  is  like  the  Gulf  Stream:  three- 
score and  ten  years  long,  it  bears  each  and  all  of  us  with  a  strong,  steady  sweep 
away  from  the  Tropics  of  childhood,  enameled  with  verdure  and  gaudy  with 
bloom,  through  the  temperate  regions  of  manhood  and  womanhood,  on  to  the 
frigid,  lonely  shores  of  dreary  old  age,  snow-crowned  and  ice-veined.  Individual 
destinies  seem  to  resemble  the  tangled  drift  on  those  broad,  bounding  billows, 
driven  hither  and  thither,  some  to  be  scorched  by  equatorial  heats,  some  to  perish 
with  polar  perils,  a  few  to  take  root  and  flourish,  and  many  to  stagnate  in  the 
long,  inglorious  rest  of  a  Sargasso  Sea." 


LESSON    93. 

"To  have  the  taste  of  a  gentleman  and  the  purse  of  a  beggar  is  about  the  height  of  human 
misery." 


in-f  at'-U-a-ted,  a.  Overcome  by  some 
foolish  passion, 

iii'-fl-nite,  a.    Unlimited. 

iii-flex'-i-ble,  a.    Unalterable. 

in-gra'-ti-ate  (-shi-ate),  v.  t.  To  bring 
into  favor. 

in-gre'-di-ent,  «.     A  component  part. 

iii-r-tial  (-ish'-al),  n.  The  first  letter 
of  a  word. 

in-i'-ti-ate  (-shi-ate),  v.  /.  To  begin; 
to  introduce  into  a  society  or  organ- 
ization. 

In-slg-nif -i-«aiit,  a.  Without  mean- 
ing; unimportant. 

In-sta-bil'-i-ty,  «•  Want  of  firmness 
in  purpose. 


in'-str^-ment,  n.  That  by  which  work 
is  performed  or  anything  effected. 

in-tan'-gi-ble,  a.  That  which  cannot 
be  touched. 

in-ten'-si-f  y,  v.  t.  To  render  more  in- 
tense. 

iii-ter-^ept',  v.  t.    To  stop  on  the  way. 

in-ter-f  ere',  v.  i.  To  take  part  in  the 
concerns  of  others ;    to  intermeddle. 

in-ter'-nal,  a.     Inward;  interior. 

in-ter-na'-tion-al,  a.  Pertaining  to 
the  relation  of  two  or  more  nations. 

in'-tri-eate,  a.    Complicated ;  obscure, 

ir-re-spdn'-si-ble,  a.    Not  to  be  trusted. 

i'-vo-ry,  n.     The  tusks  of  an  elephant. 

ju'-ve-iiile,  a.    Young. 


LESSON    94. 

PKRTAI^IIKG  TO  mOXIOK. 

There  is  a  medium  between  velocity  and  torpidity  ;  the  Italians  say  it  is  not  necessary  to  l>e 
an  antelope,  but  we  should  not  be  a  tortoise.  —  D' Israeli. 


a-c-^SI'-er-ate,  v.  t.    To  quicken. 
a«-tiv'-i-ty, «.     AgUity. 
ag'-lle,  a.     Quick  of  motion, 
an'-i-mate,  v.  t.     To  quicken ;  to  give 

life  to. 
<je-16r'-i-ty,  n.     Rapidity  of  motion. 


•ergwl,  V.  u    To  creep. 
6x-pe-di'-tIoiis,  a.     Quick. 
has'-ten  (has'-ii),  v.  t.    To  hurry. 
iilm'-bly',  adv.     With  light,  quick  mo- 
tion. 
iii)ise'-le8S,  a.     Silent ;   without  noise. 


SPELLING   AND   DEFINING. 


55 


pro-gres'-sion,  n.     A  moving  forward. 
qui€k'-iiess,  n.     Rapidity  of  motion. 
ra-pid'-i-ty,  n.     Swiftness. 
re-a€'-tioii,   n.     Movement  in   a   con- 
trary direction. 
re-mov'-al,  «•     Change  of  place. 


spright'-ly,  a.     Lively ;  brisk. 
stag'-nant,  a.     Motionless. 
sta'-tiou-a-ry,  a.     Not  moving. 
swift'-ness,  n.     Rapid  motion. 
Te-16(j'-i-ty,  n.     Quickness  of  motion. 


LESSON   95. 

I»ERTAIKII<«G  TO  I^A25I]SBSS  ABJO  KATIGHK. 

Go  to  the  ant,  thou  sluggard,  learn  to  live, 

And  by  her  busy  ways  reform  thine  ovrn.—  Smart. 


en-nui'  (5ng-iiwe')i  «•      A  feeling  of 

weariness  and  disgust. 
fa-tigue',  n.     Exhaustion  of  strength. 
in-er'-ti-a  (-shi-a),  n.     That  property 

of  matter  by  which  it  tends  when  at 

rest  to  remain  so,  and  when  in  motion 

to  continue  in  motion. 
in-de-f  at'-i-ga-ble,  a.    Not  yielding  to 

fatigue. 
iii'-do-leii§e,  n.   Indisposition  to  labor. 
la-bo'-ri-ous,  a.     Toilsome ;   tiresome. 
lan'-gllish,  v.  i.  To  sink  away ;  to  pine. 


lan'-guor  (lang'-gwur),  n.  Listlessness. 
las'-si-tude,  n.     Weariness;   dullness. 
la'-zi-ness,  n.     Indolence. 
leth'-ar-gy,  n.     Dullness;  inaction. 
loi'-ter,  v.  %,     To  linger  on  the  way. 
sl6v'-en-ly,  a.     Disorderly;    not  neat. 
slug'-gard,  n.     A  lazy  person. 
squa'-Ior,  «.     Foulness;  filthiness. 
te'-di-ous  or  ted'-yus,  a.      Wearisome. 
tire'-sdme,  a.    Tedious;  fatiguing. 
toiF-some,  a.     Laborious. 
tor'-por,  n.    Loss  of  motion ;  inactivity. 
wea'-ri-ness,  n.  Exhaustion  of  strength. 


LESSON    96. 
DicxAxio^  hxkrcise:. 

••  Oh  friend,  grown  weary  with  the  painful  climbing 

Up  Fame's  high  mount  which  ever  upward  slopes; 
On  whose  sad  ear  Fate's  bells  are  ever  chiming 

The  funeral  knell  of  thy  most  cherished  hopes ; 
Hast  thou  drunk  deep  of  Marah's  bitter  fountain  ? 

Has  thy  bright  gold  changed  into  useless  dross  ? 
Rernember!  One  before  thee  climbed  a  mountain, 

And  gained  upon  its  summit  —  but  a  cross. ' ' 

LESSON    97. 

l^ORDS  I»BltXAINII»G  TO  mUSIC. 

The  man  that  hath  no  music  in  his  soul. 

And  is  moved  not  by  concord  of  sweet  sounds, 

Is  fit  for  treasons,  stratagems,  and  spoils.—  Shakesi>eare, 


•ean-ta'-ta,  n.  A  musical  composition 
comprising  choruses  and  solos,  ar- 
ranged in  a  somewhat  dramatic 
manner. 


■choir  (kwir),  n.      A  company  of  sing- 
ers in  church  service. 
•ehdr'-is-ter,  n.     One  who  leads  a  choir 


66 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


«dll-dn-et'-or,  n.  The  leader  or  director 
in  a  musical  performance. 

«6ii-tral'-to,  n.  The  part  sung  by  the 
highest  male  or  lowest  female  voice. 

^j^m'-bal)  n.  A  musical  instrument  of 
brass. 

gui-tar',  n.  A  stringed  musical  instru- 
ment. 

har'-mo-ny,  n.  A  just  adaptation  of 
parts  to  each  other. 

mu-§r-ciaii  (-zish'-an),  n.  A  skillful 
performer  of  music. 

dp'-er-a,  n.     A  musical  drama. 

dr-a-to'-ri-o,  «.  A  sacred  composition 
of  music,  the  subject  of  which  is  gen- 
erally taken  from  the  Scriptures. 

6r'-ehes-tra,  n.  A  band  of  instru- 
mental musicians. 


pi-a'-iio,  n.     A  musical  instrument. 

qugr-tet',      \n.    A  piece  of  music  with 
qugr-tette',  )  four  parts  each  sung  or 
played  by  a  single  person. 

sghdt'-tische  (shdt'-teesh),  «.  Music 
appropriate  to  a  kind  of  dance. 

ser-e-nade',  n.  Music  in  the  open  air 
at  night. 

so-pra'-no,  n.  The  highest  female 
voice. 

sj^m'-pho-uy,  n.  An  instrumental  and 
vocal  composition  of  music. 

ydl'-nn-ta-ry,  n.  The  organ  playing 
at  the  opening  of  church. 

zith'-er,  n.  A  musical  instrument 
with  twenty-eight  strings. 


i'-dle,  «.     Lazy. 

i'-dol,  n.     A    person    or    thing    much 

loved  or  adored. 
i'-dyl,  n.     A  short,  pastoral  poem. 

in-dict',  V.  t.    To  charge  with  crime. 
in-dite',  v.  t.    To  compose. 

kill,  V.  t.     To  deprive  of  life. 
kiln,  n.    A  large  oven. 

knead,  v.  t.    To  work  together. 
need,  v.  t.    To  be  in  want  of. 
knight,^-     A  brave  horseman ;  a  title. 
night,  n.     Time  of  darkness. 


LESSON    98. 

IIOMOPIIOIKOUS  WORDS. 

Do  what  thou  dost  as  if  the  stake  were  heaven, 

And  that  thy  last  deed  ere  the  judgment  day.—  Kingsley. 

knew  (nu),   v.  t.      Past  of  know; 
have  been  aware  of. 

A  South  African  animal. 
Of  late  origin. 


to 


gnu,  n. 
new,  a. 


kndt,  V.  t.     To  tie ;  to  perplex. 

ndt,  adv.    A  word  expressing  denial. 

ISs'-sen,  V.  i.    To  diminish. 

l€s'-son,  n.  That  which  is  to  be  learned. 

ISy'-ee,  n.    An  assembly. 
lev'-y,  V.  t.      To  raise  or  collect  by  as- 
sessment. 


LESSON   99. 
DicxAxioiK  kxhrcise:. 

The  following  is  an  illustration  of  pronunci'ation  and  spelling  in  the  use  of  wrong  words  which 
have  the  same  pronunciation  as  the  right  words,  and  which  properly  read,  would  sound  right. 
In  copying  from  dictation,  the  student  is  to  write  the  right  word. 

A  rite  suite  little  buoy,  the  sun  of  a  grate  kernel,  with  a  rough  about  his 
neck,  flue  up  the  road  as  swift  as  eh  dear.     After  a  thyme  he  stopped  at  a  gnu 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


57 


house  and  wrung  the  belle.  His  tow  hurt  hymn  and  he  kneaded  wrest.  A  feint 
mown  of  pane  rows  from  his  lips.  The  made  who  herd  the  belle  was  about  to 
pair  a  pare,  but  she  through  it  down  and  ran  with  all  her  mite,  for  fear  her 
guessed  would  not  weight.  Butt,  when  she  saw  the  little  won,  tiers  stood  in  her 
ayes  at  the  site.  "  Ewe  poor  deer !  Why  due  yew  lye  hear  ?  Are  yew  dyeing  ! " 
' '  Know, ' '  he  said,  ' '  I  am  feint  too  thee  corps. ' '  She  bore  him  inn  her  arms,  as  she 
aught,  too  a  room  where  he  might  bee  quiet,  gave  him  bred  and  meet,  held  cent 
under  his  knows,  tide  his  choler,  rapped  him  warmly,  gave  him  some  suite 
drachm  from  a  viol,  till  at  last  he  went  fourth  hail  as  a  young  horse.  His  eyes 
shown,  his  cheek  was  as  read  as  a  flour,  and  he  gambled  a  hole  our. 

LESSON    100. 

Fire!  fire!  It  sets  me  in  a  craze 

To  see  a  first-class  building  all  ablaze  ; 

A  burning  house  resembles,  when  I'm  nigh, 

Some  old  acquaintance  just  about  to  die.—  Carleton. 


an'-thra-gite,  n.  A  hard  variety  of 
mineral  coal. 

bea'-€Oii,  n.  A  signal  fire  to  notify  the 
approach  of  an  enemy. 

bi-tu'  mi-nous,  a.  Compounded  with 
bitumen  and  mineral  pitch. 

Mn'-f  ire,  n.  A  fire  made  to  express 
public  joy,  or  for  amusement. 

biirn'-iiig,  v.  i.     Being  on  fire. 

•ean'-iiel  €oal,  n.  A  kind  of  mineral 
coal  that  bums  with  a  clear,  yellow 
flame,  and  has  been  used  as  a  substi- 
tute for  candles. 

•€ar'-bon,  n.     Pure  charcoal. 

cliar'-coal,  n.  Coal  made  by  charring 
wood. 

«6ke,  «.     Mineral  coal  charred 

■eom-bus'-ti-bie,  a.  Capable  of  burning. 

•eoii-fla-gra'-tion,  n.     Fire  on  a  great 


scale. 


A  bundle  of  sticks  or  twigs 


f  ag'-ot,  n. 

for  fuel. 

gas'-o-line,  n.     A  fluid  obtained  from 
bituminous  coal. 


hol'-o-eaust,  n.  Completely  consumed 
by  fire ;  great  loss  of  life  by  fire. 

in-can-des'-^ent,  a.  White  or  glow- 
ing with  heat. 

in-ilam'-ma-ble,  a.  Capable  of  being 
set  on  fire. 

ker'-o-sene,  n.  Oil  distilled  from  bi- 
tuminous coal. 

kin'-dlin^,  n.  Material  for  commenc- 
ing a  fire. 

peat,  n.  A  kind  of  vegetable  substance, 
dried,  used  for  fuel. 

pe-tro'-le-um,  n.  A  liquid,  inflamma- 
ble, bituminous  oil. 

LESSON    101. 


bed'-stead,  n. 

the  bed. 


"  Home's  not  merelj^  four  square  walls, 

Though  with  pictures  hung  and  gilded  ; 
Home  is  where  alTection  calls, 

Filled  with  shrines  the  heart  hath  builded 

A  frame  for  supporting 


bdok'-€ase,  n.     A  case  with  shelves  for 
holding  books. 


bri-€'-a-bra€,  n.  A  miscellaneous  col- 
lection of  antiquarian  or  artistic  cu- 
riosities. 

bii'-reau  (bu'-ro),  n.  A  chest  of 
drawers. 


58 


BUSINESS    SERIES. 


€ab'-i-net,  n.  A  piece  of  furniture 
with  drawers,  shelves  and  doors. 

^han-de-lier',  n.  A  frame  with  branches 
to  hold  a  number  of  lights  for  illu- 
mination. 

§liif-fo  nier'    (shif-fon-eer'),   n.       A 

movable  and    ornamental    piece  of 

furniture. 
«np'-board  (kttb'-urd),  n.      A  small 
closet  in  a  room,  with  shelves  for  dishes. 
€ijsh'-ion,  n.     Any  stuffed  or  padded 

surface. 
di-yan',  n,    A  movable  sofa. 
ea'-gel,  n.     A  frame  on  which  pictures 

are  placed. 
lounge,  «.    A  small  sofa. 


dt'-to-man,  n.  A  stuffed  seat  without 
a  back. 

pSd'-es-tal,  n.  The  part  on  which  an 
upright  work  stands. 

portiere  (p5r-ti-er'),  n.  A  curtain, 
hanging  across  the  opening  for  a  door. 

ra'-di-a-tor,  n.  The  part  of  a  heating 
apparatus  the  use  of  which  is  to  radi- 
ate heat. 

re-frig:'-er-a-tor,  n.  A  box  for  keep- 
ing things  cool  by  means  of  ice. 

side'-board,  n.  A  piece  of  cabinet- 
work, with  compartments  for  dishes. 

so'-fa,  n.  A  long,  cushioned  seat,  used 
as  a  piece  of  furniture. 

tgte'-a-tete  (tat'-a-tat),  «•  A  form  of 
sofa  for  two  persons. 


LESSON    102. 
i»ek.tai:ning  to  i»ictu»e». 

Every  man  carries  in  his  own  head  more  pictures  than  are  to  be  found  in  all  the  galleries  of 
the  world.—  Beecher. 


am'-bro-type,  n.  A  picture  taken  on 
prepared  glass. 

da-guSrre'-o-type,  «.  A  picture  on  a 
plate  of  copper. 

du'-pli-€ate,  n.    An  exact  copy. 

ef '-fl-gy,  n.    An  imitative  figure. 

fa«-8im'-i-le,  n.  An  exact  counter- 
part or  copy. 

!m-i-ta'-tion,  n.    Likeness. 

llke'-ness,  n.  That  which  resembles 
or  copies. 

Hth'-o-graph,  n.  A  print  from  a  draw- 
ing on  a  stone. 

miii'-I-a-ture,  n.  A  painting  in  colors 
on  a  reduced  scale. 

uSg'-a-tlve,  n  A  picture  on  glass, 
used  for  producing  photographs. 


o'-le-o-graph,  n.  A  picture  produced 
in  oils,  by  a  process  similar  to  litho- 
graphic printing. 

paint'-iiig,  n.  A  likeness,  image,  or 
scene  depicted  with  paints. 

pho'-to-graph,  n.  A  picture  obtained 
by  photography. 

pi-e-tur-Ssque%  a.  Fitted  to  form  a 
good  or  pleasing  picture. 

por'-trait,  n.  An  exact  likeness  of  a 
person. 

rgp-re-sen-ta'-tion,  n.  A  picture, 
model  or  other  facsimile. 

re-g^m'-ble,  v.  t.  To  be  alike  or  similar 
to. 

sim-l-lar'-i-ty,  n.     Close  likeness. 

8!-m!l'-i-tride,  n.  Likeness;  resem- 
blance. 

xy-ldg'-ra-phy  (zi-Idg'-)?  «•  Wood  en- 
graving. 


SPELLING   AND    DEFINING. 


69 


LESSON    103. 
miscki^i^a:nhous. 

A  little  learning  is  a  dangerous  thing  ; 
Drink  deep,  or  taste  not  the  Pierian  spring; 
Their  shallow  draughts  intoxicate  the  brain, 
And  drinking  largely  sobers  us  again. —  Pope. 


la'-bel,  n.  A  slip  of  paper  affixed  to 
anything,  denoting  its  contents. 

lo-CO-mo'-tiye,  n.  A  steam  engine  on 
wheels. 

lon-gey'-i-ty,  n.    Length  of  life. 

lii'-bri-eate,  v.  t.  To  make  smooth  or 
slippery. 

mat'-ri-mo-ny,  n.     Marriage. 

me§'-mer-ism,  n.  The  art  of  inducing 
a  state  of  the  nervous  system  in  which 
the  actor  claims  to  control  the  actions, 
and  communicate  directly  with  the 
mind  of  the  recipient. 

iiiod'-ern-ize,  v.  t.  To  cause  to  con- 
form to  recent  or  present  use  or 
taste. 

mod'-i-f  y,  v.  t.     To  give  new  form  to. 

mo-men'-tous,  a.  Of  great  consequence. 


n.  A  character  com- 
posed of  two  or  more  letters  inter- 
woven, 

mo-not'-o-nous,  a.  Continued  with 
dull  uniformity. 

iiat'-u-ral,  a.  Not  artificial  nor  exag- 
gerated, 

ne^'-es-sa-ry,  a.     Essential. 

neigh'-bor-hood,  n.  Adjoining  dis- 
trict. 

nea'-tral,  a.  Not  decided  or  pro- 
nounced; indifferent, 

nom'-i-nal,  a.     Existing  in  name  only. 

ndr'-mal,  a.  Performing  proper  func- 
tions. 

no-to'-ri-ous,  a.    Manifest  to  the  world. 

nov'-el-ty,  n.  Recentness  of  introduc- 
tion ;  a  new  or  strange  thing. 

nup'-tial,  a-     Pertaining  to  marriage. 


LESSON    104. 

"  Were  I  so  tall  to  reach  the  pole, 

Or  grasp  the  ocean  with  my  span, 
I  must  be  measured  by  my  soul, 

The  mind's  the  standard  of  the  man." 


aii-ti§'-i-pate,  v.  t.  To  have  a  previ- 
ous view  or  impression. 

ap-pre'-ci-ate  (shi-at),  v.  t.  To  esti- 
mate justly ;  to  value, 

ap-pre-liend',  v.  t.  To  understand; 
to  believe. 

as-ger-tain',  v.  t.  To  make  certain ; 
to  assure. 

as-sid'-u-ous,  a.  Constant  in  applica- 
tion or  attention. 


be-lieve',  v.  t.    To  regard  as  true. 

«6g'-ni-zaut  (€0g'-  or  -con'-),  a.  Hav- 
ing knowledge  of. 

«5m-pIi-€a'-tion,  n.  Perplexity;  en- 
tanglement. 

■cdm-pre-heiid',  v.  t.     To  understand. 

■eon-je-e'-ture,  n.  Probable  inference; 
surmise. 

«6n'-scieuce  (kdn'-shens),  n.  The 
moral  sense. 


60 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


€6ii'-sciofls  (kdn'-shfls),  a.  Possessing 
the  faculty  or  power  of  knowing  one's 
own  thoughts  or  mental  operations. 

«6n'-striie,  v.  t.  To  interpret ;  to  un- 
derstand. 

«dii'-tein-plate  or  €dn-tem'-plate,  v.  t. 

To  meditate  on ;  to  study. 

■ere-du'-li-ty,  n.  A  disposition  to  be- 
lieve on  slight  evidence. 


■Cii-ri-os'-i-ty,  n.  Disposition  to  in- 
quire, investigate  or  seek  after  knowl- 
edge. 

de-^i'-plier,  v.  t.  To  unravel ;  to  find 
out  so  as  to  make  known  the  mean- 
ing of. 


des'-ig-nate,  v.  t. 

make  known. 


To   mark   out   and 


de-ter'-mine,  v. 

nitely. 

de-vel'-op,  v.  t. 


t.     To  ascertain  defi- 


To  unfold  gradually. 


LESSON    105 

Pertaining:  to  the  mind. 

Talk  not  of  talents  ;  what  hast  thou  to  do? 
Thy  duty,  be  thy  portion  five  or  two. 
Talk  not  of  talents  ;  is  thy  duty  done  ? 
Thou  hadst  sufficient,  were  they  ten  or  one 


di-gress',  v.  i.     To  wander  from   the 

main  subject  of  attention  in  writing 

or  speaking. 
dil'-i-geiit,  a.      Steady  and  devoted  in 

application. 
dis-a-gree',  v.  i.     To  differ  in  opinion. 
di§-§ern'-ment,  n.     The  faculty  of  the 

mind  which  distinguishes  one  thing 

from  another 
dis-€re'-tioii,«.    Prudence;  judgment. 
dis-crim'-i-nate,  V.  t.     To  distinguish ; 

to  select. 
dis-tin'-giiish,  v.  t.     To  recognize  or 

discern. 
en-deay'-or,  n.     An  exertion  of  intel- 
lectual or  physical  strength. 
e-ntg'-ma,  n.     A  statement,  the  hidden 

meaning  of  which  is  to  be  discovered 

or  guessed. 


Montgomery. 

ex-pe-ct'-aut,  a.    Looking  for ;  waiting. 

f  ath'-om,  V.  t.  To  get  to  the  bottom  of. 

feign  (fan),  v.  t.  To  pretend;  to  im- 
agine. 

gen'-ius  (jen'-yus),  n.  Distinguished 
mental  superiority. 

i-de'-al,  a.     Existing  in  thought. 

i-deu'-ti-f  y,  v.  i.  To  prove  to  be  the 
same. 

im-ag-i-na'-tion,  n.  Image-making 
power;  conception. 

im-pro-vige',  v.  t.  To  bring  about  on 
a  sudden ;  off-hand,  or  without  previ- 
ous preparation. 

in-€li-na'-tion,  «.  Leaning  of  the 
mind,  feelings,  preferences,  or  will. 

in-crSd'-i-ble,  a.  Impossible  to  be 
believed. 

in-de-pend'-en^e,  n.  Free  from  de- 
pendence on  others. 


LESSON    106. 

Pertaining:  to  tlie  Hind. 

Each,  after  all,  learns  only  what  he  can 

Who  grasps  the  moment  as  it  flies, 
He  is  the  real  man.—  Goethe. 


in-d!s-«r!m'-i-nate,  a.      Not   making 

any  distinction. 
in'-fer-eu<;e,  «.     A  concli&ion. 


in-f  e'-rl-or,  a. 

or  excellence. 
in-ge-nu'-i-ty,  n. 

vention. 


Lower  in  place,  rank, 
Power  of  ready  in- 


SPELLING   AND   DEFINING. 


61 


iii-quir'-y,  n.    Research ;  investigation. 
in'-stin-et,  n.     Inward  impulse. 
in'-tel-le-ct,  n.      The  power  to  judge 

and  comprehend. 
in-ter'-pret,  v.  t.      To  make  clear;  to 

explain  the  meaning  of. 
in-ter'-ro-gate,  v.  t.  To  ask  questions. 
in-tu  i'-tion  (-isli'  iin),  n.     Immediate 

perception ;  instinctive  knowledge  of 
the  relations  of  ideas,  facts,  or  actions. 
16g'-i€-al,  a.     According  to  reason. 


db-je«'-tion,  n, 

against. 


Reason  or  argument 


6b-liv'-i-on,  n.     Forgetfulness. 

ob'-sti-iiate,  a.  Not  yielding  to  reason. 

o-pin'-ion  (-yiiii),  n.     A  mental  con- 
viction on  any  point  of  knowledge. 

dp'-tion  (shun), 
choosing. 

per-Qeive%  v.  t. 
hold. 

per-ver'-si-ty,  n.     Obstinacy. 

pref 'er-eii^e,  n.    Choice 

pros-e-eu'-tion,  n.     Pursuits  by  effort 
of  body  or  mind. 


The    power    of 


To  discern;   to  be- 


LESSON    107. 
Pertainins:  to  tlie  9Iin«l. 

Our  whitest  pearl  wt  never  find  ; 

Our  ripest  fruit  we  never  reach  ; 
The  flowering  moments  of  the  mind, 

Drop  half  their  petals  in  our  speech 

pro-spe€'-tive,  a 

time. 
ra'-tion-al  (rash'-un-al),  a 

reason. 
re'-al-ize,  v.  t.    To  impress  upon  the 

mind  as  roal ;  to  accomplish. 
re€'-og'  nize,  v.  t.     To  allow  that  one 

knows ;  to  know  again. 
re-€-oI-le-et%  v.  /.     To  remember. 


Looking  forward  in 
Having 


ref'-er-en^e,  n.  One  who  or  that 
which  is  referred  to. 

re-fle€'-tioii.  n.     Meditation. 

re-mem'-bran^e,  ^.  Memory;  recol- 
lection. 

re'-tro-spect  or  ret' ro-,  n.  A  con- 
templation of  things  past. 

sa-ga'-cions,  a.     Shrewd;  wise. 


Holmes. 

skep'-ti-^i§m,  n.  An  undecided,  in- 
quiring state  of  mind. 

spe-€'-u-late,  v.  i.  To  contemplate ;  to 
consider. 

sto-lid'-i-ty,  n.     Dullness  of  intellect. 

su-per-f  i'-cial  (-f  ish'-al),  a.  Not  deep 
nor  profound. 

sup-po-gi'-tion,  n.  The  act  of  imag- 
ining what  is  not  proved  to  be  true. 

taF  eiit-ed,  «.  Possessing  skill  or  talent. 

uu-der-stand',  v.  t.  To  have  knowl- 
edge of ;  to  comprehend ;   to  know. 

un-rea'-§on-a-ble,  a.      Not  agreeable 

to  reason. 
va^Ml-Iate,  v.  i.     To  fluctuate  in  mind 

or  opinion ;  to  waver. 


va-ga'-ry,    «.     A    wandering    of    the 
thoughts. 

LESSON    108. 

Our  minds  are  seventy-year  clocks.  The  Angel  of  Life  winds  them  up  once 
for  all,  then  closes  the  case  and  gives  the  key  into  the  hands  of  the  Angel  of  the 
Resurrection.  Tic-tac !  tic-tac !  go  the  wheels  of  thought ;  our  will  cannot  stop 
them ;  they  cannot  stop  themselves ;  sleep  cannot  still  them ;  madness  only  makes 
them  go  faster ;  death  alone  can  break  into  the  case,  and,  seizing  the  ever-swinging 
pendulum, which  we  call  the  heart,  silence  at  last  the  clinking  of  the  terrible  escape- 
ment we  have  carried  so  long  beneath  our  wrinkled  foreheads, — Oliver  W,  Holmes, 


62 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


LESSON    109. 

HOBIOPHO^OUS  -WORDS. 

Truth  crushed  to  earth  will  rise  again  ; 

The  eternal  years  of  God  are  hers  : 
But  Error,  wounded,  writhes  in  pain, 

And  dies  amid  his  worshipers. — Bryant. 


lax,  a.      Not    severe,    rigid  or  strict; 

loose. 
la-eks,  V.  t.     Wants ;  needs. 

li'-ar,  n.     One  who  falsifies. 
lyre,  «.     A  musical  instrument. 

lie,  n.     A  falsehood. 
lye,   n.      Solution  obtained  by   water 
passing  through  wood  ashes. 

links,  n.     Rings  or  parts  of  a  chain. 
Ijhftx,  n.    A  kind  of  wild  cat,  that  prowls 
about  at  night. 

loan,  n.     That  which  is  lent. 
lone,  a.     Solitary. 


16ch  (15k),  n.     A  lake. 
Idck,  n.     A  fastening  for  doors,  trunks, 
etc. 

mail,   n.      Mailed  matter,    as  letters, 

papers,  etc. 
male,  a.    Masculine. 

made,  v.  t.     Completed. 

maid,  n.     An  unmarried  woman. 

mane,  n.     Long  hair  on   the  neck  of 


an  animal. 


mam,  a. 

maze,  n. 
maize,  «. 


Chief. 

Perplexity. 
Indian  corn. 


LESSON    110. 
t,lXE:iCATUIl.B. 

It  is  the  masterful  will  that  compresses  a  life-thought  into  a  pregnant  word  or  phrase,  and 
sends  it  ringing  through  the  centuries.  —  ^a/'A^zt/.s. 


a-erds'-ti-c,  n.  A  poem  whose  initial 
letters  spell  a  word  or  words. 

ad'-age,  «.      An  old  saying;    a  maxim. 

al'-le-go-ry,  n.  Description  of  one 
thing  under  the  image  of  another. 

al'-ma-na-e,  n.  A  book  containing  a 
calendar  of  days,  weeks,  and  months. 

am'-bi-^a'-i-ty,  n.  Uncertainty  of  sig- 
nification. 

an'-nal§,  n.  A  series  of  historical 
events. 

a-n6n'-y-moii8,  a.  Without  the  real 
name  of  the  author. 

ftu-to-bi-dg'-ra-pliy,  n.  One's  life 
written  by  one's  self. 

ax'-I-om,  «.  A  self-evident  truth;  a 
maxim. 

bSUeg-lgt'-tres  (b^l-lgt'-ter),  n.  Polite 
or  elegant  literature. 


bi-5f'-ra-phy,  n.  History  of  one's  life 
and  character. 

■cdm'-men-ta-ry,  n.  A  book  of  expla- 
nations on  the  work  of  any  author. 

def-i-nF-tion,  n.  An  explanation  of 
the  meaning  of  a  word  or  term. 

de-tail',  v.  i.     To  report  minutely. 

di«'-tion-a-ry  (-shiin-),  n.  A  book 
containing  words  arranged  alphabet- 
ically, with  explanations  of  their 
meaning. 

6n-^y-clo-pe'-di-a,  n.  A  general  survey 
of  human  knowledge. 

er-ro'-ne-oils,  a.     Liable  to  mislead. 

Ss'-say,  n.  A  composition  treating  of 
any  particular  subject. 

f  a'-ble,  «.  A  feigned  story  intended 
to  instruct  or  amuse. 

flgr'-ur-a-tive,  a.    Not  literal. 


SPELLING  AND  DEFINING. 


63 


LESSON    III. 

I^iteratnre. 

Books,  we  know,  are  a  substantial  world,  both  pure  and  good  ; 
Round  these,  with  tendrils  strong  as  flesh  and  blood, 
Our  pastime  and  our  happiness  will  grow. —  Wordsworth. 


glos'-sa-ry,  n.     A  limited  dictionary. 
his'-to-ry,  n.    Record  of  past  events. 
il-lit'-er-ate,  a.      Ignorant  of  books; 

unlearned. 
il-lfis'-trate,  v.  t.      To  ornament  and 

explain  by  pictures. 
in'-dex,  n.     A    table    for    facilitating 

reference  to  topics. 
le^'-end  or  le'-geud,  n.      Any  story 

handed  down  from  early  times. 
lit'-er-a-ry,  a.  Pertaining  to  literature. 
lj^r'-i€,  n.      A  poem  which  expresses 

the  individual  emotions  of  the  poet. 

mem'-oir  or  mem'-  (-wor),  n.    A  writ- 
ten memorial  of  an  individual. 

iiar'-ra-tive,  n.    A  story. 
ii6'-meii-«la-tnre,  n.     A    list    of   the 

more  important  words  in  a  language, 

with  their  signification. 


pam'-phlet,  n.     A  small  book  stitched 

together,  but  not  bound. 
par'-a-ble,  n.      A  kind  of  fable  from 

which  a  moral  is  drawn. 
par'-a-graph,  n.     A  short  sentence  or 

passage. 
par'-o-dy,  n.    A  writing  by  which  the 

words  of  the  author  are,  with  slight 

alterations,    adapted    to  a  different 

purpose. 
per-s6n'-i-f  y,  v.  t.  To  treat  as  a  person. 
pi€-to'-ri-al,  a.  Illustrated  by  pictures. 
pla'-gia-rist,  «.     One  who  purloins  the 

writings  of  another,  and  passes  them 

off  as  his  own. 
plau'-gi-ble,  a.     Apparently  right. 
p6'-et-ry,   n.      Metrical    composition; 

verse.  ' 


LESSON    112. 
I^iterature. 


It  is  the  glorious  doom  of  literature,  that  the 
Lytton. 

pre'-am-ble,  «.  An  introductory  por- 
tion ;  a  preface. 

pref'-a§e,  n.  An  introduction  to  a 
book. 

pro-ver'-bi-al,  a.  Resembling  or  suit- 
able to  a  proverb. 

quo-ta'-tion,  n.  A  part  of  a  book 
or  writing  named,  repeated  as  an  il- 
lustration. 

rhyme  (rim),  n.  A  word  answering  in 
sound  to  another  word ;  harmony  of 
language. 

rhj^thm  (rithm),  n.  Harmonious  flow 
of  vocal  sounds. 


evil  perishes  and  the  good  remains.— ^m/w^^ 

ro-man§e',  n.      An  extravagant  story. 
sat'-ire,  n.     An  invective  poem. 

sa-Yant'  (sa-v5iig0>  «•  One  versed  in 
literature  or  science. 

sen-sa'-tion-al,  a.  Fitted  to  excite 
great  interest. 

sen'-si-ble,  a.  Containing  sense  or 
reason. 

sen-ti-men'-tal,  a.  Having  or  contain- 
ing sentiment. 

se'-qnel,  n.    A  succeeding  part. 

se'-ri-al,  n.  A  work  appearing  in  a 
series  or  a  succession  of  parts. 

stan'-za,  n.     Part  of  a  poem. 


64 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


ste'-re-o-type,  v.  i.      To    compose   a 
book  in  fixed  types. 

sftp'-ple-ment,   n.      That  which* com- 
pletes something  already  arranged. 


sj^n-6n' y-motls,    a. 

same  idea. 


Conveying    the 


tra-di'-tion-al,  a.      Only  transmitted 
from  age  to  age  without  writing. 

vo-€ab'-u-la-ry,  n.    A  list  of  words  ar- 
ranged alphabetically  and  explained. 


LESSON    113. 
DICXAXIOK  KXHRCISK. 

'*  It  may  be  glorious  to  write  thoughts  that  shall  glad  the  two  or  three  high 
souls,  like  those  far  stars  that  come  in  sight  once  in  a  century,  but  better  far  it  is 
to  speak  one  simple  wotd,  which  now  and  then  shall  waken  the  free  nature  in  the 
weak  and  friendless  sons  of  men. 

To  write  some  earnest  verse  or  line,  which  seeking  not  the  praise  of  art,  shall 
make  a  clearer  faith,  and  manhood  shine  in  an  untutored  heart. 

He  who  doeth  this,  in  verse  or  prose,  may  be  forgotten  in  his  day,  but  surely 
shall  be  crowned  at  last  with  those  who  live  and  speak  for  aye." 


LESSON    114. 

MISCHr,L,AKKOlJS. 

Nothing  ever  happens  but  once  in  this  world.      What  I  do  now  I  do  once  for  all. 
is  gone,  with  all  its  eternity  of  solemn  meaning. —  Carlyle. 


It  is  over,  it 


6b-li-ga'-tion,  n.  The  binding  power 
of  a  vow,  promise,  etc. 

6b-lit'-er-ate,  v.  t.  To  erase  or  blot 
out. 

6b'-sta-ele,  n.  Anything  that  hinders 
progress. 

db'-yi-ate,  v.  t.  To  prevent  by  inter- 
ception. 

6-e-«a'-sioii,  n.  A  favorable  opportu- 
nity; occurrence. 

6«-CU-pa'-tion,  n.  The  principal  busi- 
ness of  one's  life ;  possession. 

6f '-fer-to-ry,  n.  The  act  of  offering 
or  the  thing  offered. 

df-fi'-ci-ate  (-fish'-i-ate),  v.  L  To 
perform  the  appropriate  business  of 
an  ofl&ce  or  public  trust. 


o'-gle,  n.     A  side  glance  or  look. 

o-mis'-sion,  n.     The  act  of  leaving  out. 

dp'-po-gite,  a.     Facing;  contrary. 

dr'-di-na-ry,  ^.     Customary;  common. 

6r-gaii-i-za'-tioii,  n.  An  organized  ex- 
istence. 

o-ri-en'-tal,  a.  Pertaining  to  the  ori- 
ent or  east. 

o-rig'-i-nal,  a.  Pertaining  to  the  origin. 

or'-iia-ment,  n.  That  which  adds 
grace  or  beauty 

or'-phan,  n.  A  child  who  is  bereaved 
of  both  father  and  mother. 

0S-t6u'-sl-ble,  a.     Manifest;  apparent. 

0-ver-whglm',  v.  t.  To  overspread  or 
crush. 

6- ver- wrought',  v.i.  Labored  to  excess. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


65 


LESSON    115. 

I»KirXAINIKG  TO  UVAR.  OR.  MII^lXABtY  SKRVICE:. 

"  Whether  on  the  scaffold  high, 
Or  in  the  battle's  van, 
The  fittest  place  that  man  can  die 
Is  where  he  dies  for  man." 


ad'-yer-sa-ry,  n.  A  member  of  a  hos- 
tile party ;  an  enemy. 

aid'-de-€amp  (ad'-de-kong),  n.  An 
officer  who  conveys  the  general's  or- 
ders, and  represents  him  in  corre- 
spondence and  in  directing  move- 
ments. 

al-li'-an§e,  n.  A  union  or  connection 
of  interests. 

al-ly',  n.     A  confederate. 

an-ni'-hi-late,  v.  t.  To  reduce  to 
nothing. 

aii-tag'-o-nize,  v.  t.  To  act  in  oppo- 
sition. 

ar-til'-ler-y,  n.     Offensive  weapons  of 

.    war;  cannon. 

bay'-o-net,  n.  A  dagger  attached  to  a 
musket. 

biy'-oua-e  (-wa-e),  n.  The  watch  or 
guard  of  a  whole  army ;  an  encamp- 
ment for  the  night  without  tents  or 
covering. 


brav'-er-y,  n.    Fearlessness  of  danger. 
bri^-a-dier'  gen'-ei*-al,  n.    An  officer 
next  above  a  colonel. 

■car'-bine,  n.     A  fire-arm  between  the 

pistol  and    musket    in    length    and 

weight,  used  by  mounted  troops. 
■ear'-tridge,  n.     A  case  containing  a 

charge  for  a  fire-arm. 
■cay'-al-ry,  n.     Mounted  troops. 
clial'-lenge,  n.      An    invitation    to   a 

contest. 
chap'-lain,  n.     A    clergyman    of    the 

army. 
chief '-tain,  n.     A  captain  or  leader. 
§hiy'-al-ry,  n.    Valor ;  knight  errantry. 
colonel  (ktir'-nel),  n.  The  commander 

of  a  regiment. 
■e5n-di'-tion-al,  a.      Made  or  granted 

on  certain  terms. 


LESSON    116. 
Pertaining:  to  "War  or  Military  Service. 

Were  half  the  power  that  fills  the  world  with  terror. 
Were  half  the  wealth  bestowed  on  camp  and  courts. 

Given  to  redeem  the  human  mind  from  error, 

There  were  no  need  of  arsenals  and  forts.—  Longfellow. 


«on'-f  is-«ate  or  €6n-f  is'-«ate,  v.  t.  To 

appropriate,  as  a  penalty,  to  the  pub- 
lic use. 

■c6n'-quer-or  (konk'-er-ur),  n.  One 
who  gains  a  victory. 

•eor'-po-ral,  n.    A  military  officer. 

■cour'-age,  n.     Boldness;  valor. 

di-plo'-ma-^y,  n.  Skill  in  securing  ad- 
vantage. 

dy'-na-mite,  n.    Nitre  glycerine. 


ex-pIoit%  n.  A  great  or  noble  achieve- 
ment. 

fi-nesse',  n.    Stratagem. 

for'-age,  v.  i.  To  ravage ;  to  feed  on 
spoil. 

for'-mi-da-ble,  a.     Exciting  fear. 

fra'-eas,  n.     A  noisy  quarrel. 

gal'-Iant,  a.     Brave ;  courageous. 

haz'-ard-ous,  a.     Dangerous. 

hds'-tile,  a.     Unfriendly. 


66 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


In'-fant-ry,  n. 

foot. 


A  body   of  soldiers  on 
Incapable   of   being 


in-vhi'-^ii-ble,  a 

conquered. 

knap'-sa-ek  (nap'-)*  «•   A  soldier's  sack 
in  which  to  carry  clothing. 


mas'-sa-€re  (ker),  n. 
destruction  of  life. 


A  cold-blooded 


National   mil- 


mi-ir-tia  (  lish'-a),  n. 

itary  force. 

mii'-ti-iiy,  n.     Insurrection  against  au- 
thority. 

LESSON    117. 
Pertalulns:  to  l^ar  or  Military  Service. 

Many  a  shaft  at  random  sent, 

Finds  mark  the  archer  little  meant  I 

And  many  a  word  at  random  spoken, 

May  soothe,  or  wound,  a  heart  that's  broken.— 5V:o/^. 

skir'-mish,    n.      A  contest;   a  slight 
fight  in  war. 

slaugh'-ter,  v.  t.     To   slay  in   battle; 
to  visit  with  great  destruction  of  life. 

sol'-dier  (sol'-jer),  n.    One  who  serves 
in  the  army. 

strat'-a-gem,  n.     A  plan  or  scheme  for 
deceiving  an  enemy. 

tar'-get,  n.     A  mark  for  marksmen  to 
fire  at. 

Guilty   of  treason; 


Full  of  love  for  one's 
On  the  alert,  like 


pa-tri-5t'-i-e,  a 

country. 

qui-Yive'  (ke-vevO- 
a  sentinel. 

re-ber,  v.  /'.  To  take  up  arms  traitorous- 
ly against  the  state  or  government. 

re-bel'-lious  (-yfls),  a.  Traitorously 
renouncing  the  authority  of  the  gov- 
ernment to  which  allegfiance  is  due. 

re-eryit',  n.    A  newly  enlisted  soldier. 

re-per,  v.  t.    To  drive  back. 

re-§ist'-aii<je,  n.    Opposition. 

se-^ede',  v.  i.  To  withdraw,  as  a  State 
from  the  Union. 

se-Qes'-sioii  (-sSsh'-uii),  n.  The  with- 
drawal or  attempt  to  withdraw  from 
an  organization. 

siege,  n.  Continued  attempt  to  gain 
possession. 


trai'-tor-otls,  a. 

faithless. 

trea'-son,  n.    Disloyalty. 
Yal'-iant  (Yal'-yaiit),  a.  Heroic ;  brave. 
yal'-or-oils,  a.     Brave;  courageous. 
van'-quish  (Yafik'-wish),  v.  t.    To  con- 
quer. 


LESSON    118. 

Times  of  general  calamity  and  confusion  have  ever  been  productive  of  the  greatest  minds. 
The  purest  ore  is  produced  from  the  hottest  furnace,  and  the  brightest  thunderbolt  from  the 
darkest  storm.—  Colton. 


iig'-i-tate,  v.  t.    To  disturb. 

ba'-bel,  n.    Confusion. 

l)0is'-t'^'*0ils,  a.  Noisy;  rough;  act- 
ing with  noisy  turbulence. 

■€ha-5t'-l€,  a.    Confused. 

■efim-mo'-tion,  n.  Civil  or  public  dis- 
turbance. 


«dn-fu'-Sion,  «.     Disorder;  tumult. 
dis-or'-der,  «.     Confusion;  disarray. 
dis-s6ii'-sioii,  «.     Strife;  discord. 
dis-tftrb'-aii^e,  n.    Violent  disorder. 
^x-^ite'-meut,  n.    Agitation. 
hflb'-bilb,  n.     A  great  noise. 
liftr'-iy-bftr-iy,  n.    Confusion- 


SPELLING   AND   DEFINING. 


67 


hus'-tle,  V,  i. 

confusion. 


To  move  hastily  and  in 

A  state   of   excitement 

Unrestrained;  engaging 


ramp'-age,  n 

or  passion. 

ri'-ot-ous,  a. 

in  riot. 

rough   (ruf),   a.      Tempestuous;    not 
smooth. 


storm'-y,  a.     Proceeding  from  violent 
agitation  or  fury. 

tem-pes'-tu-OUS,  a.      Violent ;    stormy. 

tu-murtn-ous,  a.     Greatly    agitated; 
confused. 

tur'-bu-lent,  a.    In  violent  commotion. 


LESSON    119. 
mCXAXIOJ^  KXBRCISK. 

Then  came  the  mad  retreat ;  the  whirlwind  snows 
Sweeping  around  them,  merciless  as  man ; 
The  stiffening  hand,  the  pulseless  heart  and  eye, 
The  frozen  standard  and  the  palsied  arm ; 
The  unfrequent  watch-fires,  rising  like  red  sparks 
Amidst  the  illimitable  snows ;  the  crowds 
Of  spectral  myriads  shuddering  around  them, 
Frozen  to  statues ;  scathed  by  the  red  flames 
Or  speared  by  howling  savages ;   until 
Winter,  less  merciless  than  they,  threw  o'er  them 
Her  winding  sheet  of  snows,  deep  burying 
Armies  whose  presence  vanished  like  a  dream." 


LESSON    120. 

II09I0PII0I«(0US  ^WOROS. 

'*  Count  that  day  lost  whose  low  descending  sun, 
Views  from  thy  hand  no  worthy  action  done." 


man'-tel,  n.      The  shelf  over  a  fire- 
place, in  front  of  the  chimney. 
man'-tle,  n.     A  loose  wrap. 

man'-ner,  n.     Mode  of  action. 
man'-or,  n.     The  land  belonging  to  a 
lord  or  nobleman. 

meet,  v.  t.     To  encounter. 
meat,  n.     Flesh  used  for  food. 
mete,  v.  t.      To    limit ;    to    allot ;     to 
measure. 

med'-al,  n.    A  reward  of  merit. 
med'-dle,  v.  i.     To  interfere ;  to  ^ake 

part  in  a  thing  with  which  one  should 

have  nothing  to  do. 


met'-al,  n.     A  lustrous  mineral. 
met'-tle,  n.      Excitable  temperament. 

mean,  a.     Low;  vile;  intermediate. 
mien,  n.    Appearance;  manner. 

min'-er,  n.   One  who  works  in  a  mine. 
min'-or,  «.    One  under  age.    (a.)  less. 

moan,  v.  i.     To  bewail. 

mown,  V.  t.     Cut  with  a  scythe,  etc. 

oar,  n.     An  instrument  for  rowing. 
ore,  «.     The  compound  of  a  metal  and 

some  other  substance. 
o'er,  prep.     Contraction  of  over. 


68 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


LESSON    121. 

"Men  are  born  to  trouble  at  first,  and  exercised  in  it  all  their  days,  yet  it  will  not  hurt  you 
unless  it  makes  you  sour,  narrow  and  skeptical." 


an-iioy'-an^e,  n.    Causing  trouble. 

§ha-griii'  (sha-griii')»  «•  Vexation; 
mortification. 

dis-ad-yan'-tage,  n.  Unfavorable  cir- 
cumstances. 

dis-tress',  v.  t.  To  cause  pain  to ;  to 
afflict. 

gx-cr^'-ci-at-ing  (-shi-at-))  ^-  ^-  Ex- 
tremel}'-  painful. 

har'-ass,  v.  t.     To  tease ;  to  perplex. 

in-€on-veii'-ienQe (yenge), n.  Trouble ; 
disadvantage. 

mis'-chie-vous,  a.  Troublesome;  in- 
clined to  do  harm. 

mis-for'-tune,  n.  Ill  luck;  harm; 
disaster. 


nui'-san^e,  n.     That  which  annoys  or 

gives  trouble. 
6r'-de-al,  n.     Severe  trial. 
per-plex',  v.  t.     To  tease ;   to  distract. 
plague,  V.  t.     To  vex ;  to  trouble. 
prej'-u-di^e,  n.  Damage ;  prejudgment. 
tan'-ta-Iize,  v.  t.    To  tease ;  to  torment. 
teage,  v.  t.     To  vex  with  importunity ; 

to  annoy. 

tdr-meiit'-er  or  tdr-ment'-or,  «.     One 

who  torments. 
tor'-ture,  v.  t.     To  pain  extremely. 
troub'-le-s6me,  a.     Giving  trouble. 
vex-a'-tious,  a.      Teasing;    annoying. 


LESSON    122. 

UKPJOXIWfG  INJURY. 

Is  it  worth  while  that  we  battle  to  humble 

Some  poor  fellow  creature  down  in  the  dust  ? 

Time  will  soon  tumble  all  of  us  together 

Humbled  indeed,  down  into  the  dust.— yba^M?«  Miller. 


€a-liim'-ni-ate,  v.  t.  To  accuse  falsely. 
€du-taiii'-i-nate,  v.  t.    To  pollute. 
•c6r-rftpt',  V.  t.      To  debase ;  to  defile. 
de-mdr'-al-ize,  v.  t.      To  corrupt  the 

morals  of. 
de-r5g'-a-to-ry,  a.    Injurious. 
det-ri-mgn'-tal,  a.     Hurtful. 


im-po-gr-tion, 

tion. 
in-ju'-ri-oils,  a. 


An  excessive  exac- 


la^'-er-ate,  v.  t. 
mu'-ti-late,  v.  t. 

tial  part  of. 
per-nF-cioiis  (-nish'-fis),  a 

destructive. 


Harmful. 
To  tear :  to  rend. 
To  destroy  an  essen- 


Ruinous ; 


per'-se-eute,  v.  t.  To  pursue  in  a 
manner  to  injure. 

per-ver'-sioii,  n.  A  change  to  something 
worse. 

poi'-sou-oiis,  a.  Corrupting;  impair- 
ing soundness  or  purity. 

r\|'-iu-oils,  a.     Destructive. 

s€an'-dal-ize,  v.  i.     To  defame. 

«I»iii'-der-oiis,  a.  Containing  defama- 
tion. 

sfib'-tle  (sftt'-l),  a.     Sly  in  design. 

siir-rep-tl'-tious  (-tish'-ft.s),  a.  Made 
or  introduced  fraudulently;  done  by 
stealth. 

vi'-o-len^e,  ».  Vehemence;  unjust 
force. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


LESSON    123. 

Disasters  come  not  singly,  but  as  if  they  watched  and  waited,  , 

Scanning  one  another's  motions.     When  the  first  descends  the  others 
Follow,  follow,  gathering  flock-wise  round  their  victim  sick  and  wounded. 
First  a  shadow,  then  a  sorrow,  till  the  air  is  dark  with  anguish.—  Longfellow. 


H-appening     by 
Hazard;    a  remark- 


a€-<^i-den'-tal,     a. 

chance. 
ad-ven'-ture,  n. 

able  occurrence. 
ad-ver'-si-ty,  n.     Calamity. 
anx'-iofis  (ank'-sliiis),   a.       Being  in 

painful  suspense. 
■ca-Iam'-i-ty,  n.     Misfortune. 
€a§'-u-al-ty,  n.     An  accident. 
€a-tas'-tro-phe,  n.      A  final  event  of  a 

disastrous  nature. 
•coi-ir-giou,   n.      The  act  of  striking 

together. 
■COii-tin'-^en-^y,  n.   That  which  comes 

without  being  foreseen. 


daii'-g-er-ous,  a.     Unsafe ;   full  of  risk. 
di-lem'-ma  or  dl-lem'-ma,  n.     A  state 

of  things  in  which   it  is  difficult  to 

tell  what  to  do. 
di§-as'-ter,  n. 


e-mer'-gen-^y,  n. 


An  unfortunate  event. 

An  unforeseen   oc- 
currence. 

jeop'-ard-y,  n.     Danger;  peril. 
per'-il-ous,  a.   Full  of  risk ;  dangerous. 
quan'-da-ry,  n.      Doubt;  uncertainty. 
qiiar'-an-fine  (kwor),  v.  t.     To  com- 
p*el  to  remain  at  a  distance. 

se'-ri-OUS,  a.     Grave;  solemn. 

so-li^'-it-ous,  a.       Anxious    to    avoid ; 
concerned. 

sus-pense',  n.     State  of  uncertainty. 


LESSON    124. 

OICTAXlOT»if  KXERCISK. 

Let  fate  do  her  worst ;  there  are  relics  of  joy, 

Bright  dreams  of  the  past,  which  she  cannot  destroy; 

And  which  come  in  the  night-time  of  sorrow  and  care, 

To  bring  back  the  features  that  joy  used  to  wear ; 

Long,  long  be  my  heart  with  such  memories  filled ; 

Like  the  vase  in  which  roses  have  once  been  distilled, 

You  may  break,  you  may  ruin  the  vase  if  you  will, 

But  the  scent  of  the  roses  will  hang  round  it  still.—  Thomas  Moore. 

LESSON    125. 
MISCKI^I^AHJHOUS. 


Among  the  pitfalls  in  our  way, 
The  best  of  us  walk  blindly  ; 

So  man,  be  wary,  watch  and  pray, 
And  judge  your  brother  kindly. 


And  judge  your 
pa^'-i-f  y,  V.  t.  To  tranquilize ;  to  allay. 
pal'-li-ate,  v.  t.    To  cover  with  excuse. 

par-ti-al'-i-ty (shi-al'-), n.  Inclination 
to  favor  one  side  of  the  question,  or 
one  party. 


par-ti§'-i-pate,  v 

take. 


Alice  Cary. 
t.    To  share 


to  par- 
That   can  be   passed; 


pass'-a-ble,  a 

acceptable. 

pe-«ur-iar  (kuF-yar),  a.      Unusual 
singular. 


70 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


pSn'-du-lous,  a.     Hanging;   swinging. 

pSn'-e-trate,  v.  t.     To  enter  into. 

per'-lo-rate,  v.  t.  To  make  a  hole  or 
holes  through. 

per'-ish-a-ble,  a.     Subject  to  decay. 

per'-me-ate,  v.  t.  To  penetrate  and 
pass  through  without  causing  rupture. 

per'-pe-trate,  v.  t.  To  commit ;  to  be 
guilty  of. 

per-se-yer'-ange,  n.  Continued  pur- 
suit. 


p§t'-ri-f  y,  V.  t.  To  convert  to  stone. 
pho-net'-i-C,  a.  Representing  sounds. 
phj^g'-i-e-ai,  a.     Relating  to  natural  or 

material  things. 
pier§e'-a-ble,    a.      Capable    of  being 

pierced. 
pin'-ion  (-ynn),  n.     A  feather  or  wing. 
post'-age,  n.     The  price  paid  for  the 

conveyance  of  all  mailable  matter. 
pra«'-ti^e,  n.      Actual    performance, 

not  theory. 


LESSON    126. 

rKIlTAIBiliNG  TO   rRAVE:i.i:KG. 

It's  quite  the  thing  to  travel  nowadays 

And  see  if  distant  ground  in  general  looks 

As  mentioned  in  the  papers  and  in  books. —  Carleton. 


bag'-gage,  n.      Trunks,    valises,    etc. , 

containing  clothing  which  a  traveler 

carries  with  him  on  his  journey.  ^ 
§ir-cii-la'-tioii,  n.     Going  about  from 

place  to  place. 
ijir-eu'-i-tous,  a.     Going  round  about 

or  indirect. 
de'-pot,  n.     A  place  where  goods  are 

stored ;  a  warehouse. 
dSs-ti-na'-tion,  n.     End  of  a  journey. 
em'-i-grate,  v.  i.     To  move  from  one 

state  or  country  to  another. 
ex-^ftr'-sion,  «.     A  trip  for  pleasure  or 

health. 
5x'-0-diis,  n.     Departure  from  a  place. 
joftr'-ne^^,  n.      Travel  from  one  place 

to  another 
mi'-gra-to-ry,  a.      Regularly  moving 

from  one  place  to  another. 


pe-des'-tri-an,  n       One  who  travels  or 

journeys  on  foot. 
port-man'-teaii  (man'-to);  n.    A  bag 

of  leather  for  carrying   clothing  on 

journeys. 
route  (ro<)t  or  rowt),  n.     The    way 

traveled. 
sach'-ei  also  satch'-el,   n.      A    small 

sack  or  bag. 
ter'-mi-nfis,  n.     The  extreme  point  at 

either  end  of  a  piece  of  railway 
tgur'-lst,  n.     One  who   journeys   in  a 

circuit. 
trans- por-ta'-tion,  «.     Removal;  con- 
veyance. 
trav'-el-er,  n.    One  who  travels. 
va-IIse',  n.     A  traveling  bag. 
wan'-der,  v.  t.      To  travel   without  a 

certain  course. 


LESSON    127. 

DICXAXIO^  £:XKRCISK. 

Tell  me  gentle  traveler,  who  through  the  world  hast  gone. 

And  seen  the  sweetest  roses  blow. 

And  brightest  gliding  rivers  flow, 

Of  all  thine  eyes  have  looked  upon,  which  is  the  fairest  land  ? 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


71 


Child,  shall  I  tell  where  Nature  has  best  and  fairest  flowers  ? 

It  is  where  those  we  love  abide ; 

Though  small  that  space  it  is  more  wide 

Than  kingdoms ;  though  a  desert  bare, 

The  river  of  the  gods  is  there, 

And  there  are  the  enchanted  bowers. —  From  a  Persian  Poem. 


LESSON    128. 

"  For  a  restorative  to  a  weary  brain,  bracing  to  weary  muscles,  exhilaration  for  the  blues,  a 
smoothing  out  of  tangled  nerves,  and  for  an  exercise  that  strengthens  while  it  does  not  exhaust, 
pumping  fresh  red  blood  vigorously  to  the  very  finger  tips,  ride  a  bicycle." 


am'-bn-lanQe,  n.  A  kind  of  movable 
hospital ;  a  vehicle  for  conveying  in- 
jured persons  to  a  hospital. 

barouche'  (ba-roosh'),  n.  A  four- 
wheeled  carriage  with  falling  top, 
and  seat  outside  for  driver. 

bi'-^y-€le,  n.  A  two-wheeled  veloci- 
pede. 

bug'-gy,  n.    A  light  carriage. 

•€ar'-riage,  n.  A  vehicle,  especially 
for  pleasure  or  passengers. 

§hai§e  (shaz),  n.  A  two-wheeled  car- 
riage, with  a  calash  top,  and  the 
body  hung  on  leather  straps. 

char'-i-ot,  n.  A  four-wheeled  state 
carriage,  with  one  seat. 

€Oii-yey'-an§e,  n.  The  means  of  car- 
rying anything  from  place  to  place. 

•eou-pe'  (koo-paO*  ^-     A  four-wheeled 

"close  carriage  for  passengers. 
han'-som,  n.  Alight,  low,  two- wheeled 

street  carriage,  with  the  driver's  seat 

elevated  behind. 


om'-lii-bus,  n.  A  large,  four-wheeled 
carriage,  conveniently  arranged  for 
carrying  many  people. 

pha'-e-ton,  n.     An  open  carriage. 

sleigh,  n.    A  vehicle  moved  on  runners. 

stage'-eoach,  n.  A  coach  that  runs 
regularly  from  one  place  to  another, 
for  the  cpnvenience  of  passengers. 

sur'-rey,  n.     A  two-seated  carriage. 

tri'-^y-ele,  «.  A  three-wheeled  veloc- 
ipede. 

ye'-hi-cle,  n.    A  conveyance. 

ve-16Q'-i-p(>de,  n.  A  two- wheeled  car- 
riage for  a  single  person,  propelled 
by  the  feet  of  the  rider. 

vi-e-to'-ri-a,  n.  A  four-wheeled  car- 
riage designed  for  two  persons,  with 
a  driver's  seat. 

wag'-on,  n.  A  vehicle  on  four  wheels, 
especially  used  for  carrying  freight. 


LESSON    129. 

I»HirTAIBJIHJG  TO  NAVIGAXION. 

No  man  ever  sailed  over  exactly  the  same  route  that  another  sailed  before  him.     Every  man 
who  starts  on  the  ocean  of  life  arches  his  sails  to  an  untried  breeze.—  IVilliam  Mathews. 


a-board',  adv.  Within  a  ship  or  boat. 
an«h'-or,  «.     An  iron  instrument  for 

holding  a  boat  at  rest  in  the  water. 
barge,  n.     A  large  boat  for  conveying 

passengers  or  goods. 


Beth'-el,  n.     A  house   of  worship   for 
seamen. 

■ea-noe',  n,     A  small  boat   made  of  a 
tree  or  bark. 


72 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


€ap'-stail,  n.  A  strong  column  of  tim- 
ber, with  levers,  for  heaving  in  cables, 
as  in  raising  the  anchor. 

flo-til'-la,  n.      A  fleet  of  small  vessels. 

^aF-ley,  «.  A  low,  flat-buik  boat  with 
one  deck,  navigated  with  sails  and 
oars. 

gdn'-do-la,  n.  A  long,  narrow,  flat- 
bottomed  pleasure  boat  used  in 
Venice,  Italy,  on  the  canals. 

gdn-do-lier',  «.  A  man  who  rows  a 
gondola. 

lar'- board,  n.  Left-hand  side  of  a 
ship  when  looking  forward. 

ma-rine%  a.  Pertaining  to  navigation 
or  the  sea. 


mar'-i-time,  a.  Pertaining  to  the  ocean ; 

marine. 
nau'-ti-e-al,  a.     Pertaining  to  seamen 

or  art  of  navigation. 
nav'-i-^a-tor,  n.     One  who  navigates 

or  sails. 
nav-i-ga'-tion,  n.    Passing  on  water  in 

ships  or  other  vessels. 
na'-vy,  n.     All  of  the  ships  of  war  be- 
longing to  a  nation. 
s-eho?>n'-er,  «.  •    A  small,   sharp-built 

vessel  with  two  or  three  masts,  and 

fore  and  aft  sails. 
star'-board,  n.     Right-hand  side  of  a 

ship  when  looking  forward. 
yacht  (y5t),  «.     A  pleasure  vessel. 


LESSON    130. 
OICXAXIOI^  HX]^RCISB. 

With  white  wings  spread  she  bounded  o'er  the  deep, 

Home  from  the  tossing  of  a  stormy  sea. 

Where  waves  had  yawned,  and  winds  howled  fearfully ; 

And  where  the  harbor's  waters  seemed  to  sleep 

In  breezes  calm,  and  deep,  untroubled  rest. 

She  glided  in,  furling  her  weary  wing. 

Dropping  her  anchor  down,  and  like  a  living  thing 

Settled  securely  on  the  water's  breast. 

So,  Oh,  my  God !  from  the  rough  sea  of  life, 

Driven  by  doubt  and  fear  and  haggard*  care, 

Let  me  my  worn  and  weary  spirit  bear. 

Far  from  its  rage,  and  noise  and  stormy  strife. 

Into  the  haven  of  Thy  sheltering  love, 

And  find  an  anchorage  no  storm  can  move. —  Mary  A.  Liver  more. 


LESSON    131. 

PKRTAIT«(II«G  TO  IJVIBJO  AIt(D  WHAXHKR. 

The  day  is  cold,  and  dark,  and  dreary  ; 
It  rains,  and  the  wind  is  never  weary  ; 
The  vine  still  clings  to  the  mouldering  wall, 
But  at  every  gust  the  dead  leaves  fall. 

And  the  day  is  dark  and  dreary.—  Longfelloiv. 


«alm'-iiess,  n.     Quietness. 
«6n-^eaF,  v.  t.     Th  freeze. 
<jy'-€l6ne,  n.     A  rotary  hurricane. 
driz'-zle,  v.  i.     To  fall  in  small  drops. 
drought  (drout),  n.     Dry  weather. 


e-l§€-tri<j'-i-ty,  n.  The  electric  fluid 
identical  with  lightning. 

e-qu!-ii5€'-tial,  a.  Pertaining  to  the 
time  when  the  sun  enters  the  equinoc- 
tial points. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


73 


fo^-gy,  a.     Damp;  misty;  cloudy. 
fri^'-id,  a.     Cold. 

hur'-ri-€ane,  n.     A  violent  storm  with 
wind. 


Storminess;  rough- 
Happening  at  fixed 


iii-«Iem'-eii-^y,  a 

ness. 
pe-ri-6(l'-i«-al,  a. 

intervals. 

si-mo<)n',  «.  A  hot,  dry  wind,  gener- 
ated by  the  extreme  heat  of  the 
parched  desert,  or  sandy  plains. 

tem-pes'-tu-ous,  a.      Stormy;  violent. 


thuii'-der-«loud,  n.  A  cloud  that  pro- 
duces lightning  and  thunder. 

tor-na'-do,  n.     A  hurricane. 

tor'-rid,  a.     Violently  hot. 

ty-phoou',  n.  A  violent  whirlwind  that 
rushes  up  from  the  earth,  whirling 
clouds  of  dust. 

whirl'-wiiid,  n.  A  violent  wind,  mov- 
ing in  a  circle,  and  having  a  progress- 
ive motion. 

zeph'-yr,  n.  Any  soft,  mild,  gentle 
breeze. 


LESSON    132. 

Habits  are  soon  assumed,  but  when  we  strive 

To  strip  them  off,  'tis  being  flayed  alive.—  Cowper. 


one  (wun),  a.     Single. 

iv6ll,  V.  t.     Obtained ;  conquered. 

our,  pro.     Belonging  to  us. 
hour,  n.     Sixty  minutes. 

pale,  a. 
pail,  n. 

pane,  n.  A  plate  of  glass  for  a  window. 
paiu,  n.     Suffering. 

paF-ate,  n.     The  roof  of  the  mouth. 
pal'-let,  n.  A  small  and  poor  or  rude  bed. 


White ;  not  bright. 
A  vessel  with  a  bail. 


pair,  71.     Two  things  of  a  kind. 
pear,  n.     A  kind  of  fruit. 

peal,  n.     A  loud  sound. 

peel,  V.  t.     To  remove  the  skin. 

pea^e,  n.     Calmness. 

ple§e,  n.     A  part  of  anything. 

peak,  n.     The  summit. 

pique  (pek),  n.     Wounded  pride. 

peer,  n.     A  nobleman ;  an  equal. 
pier,  n.     Support  of  a  bridge. 


LESSON  133. 

We  live  in  deeds,  not  years  ;  in  thoughts,  not  breaths  ; 
In  feelings,  not  in  figures  on  a  dial ; 
We  should  count  time  by  heart  throbs.     He  most  lives 
Who  thinks  most,  feels  the  noblest,  acts  the  hest.—  Bailey. 


aft'-er-ward,  adv.  In  time  subsequent. 
au^-tnmn,    n.       Third    season   of  the 

year;  decline 
^ease'-less,  a.     Without  pause  or  end. 
^en'-tu-ry,  n.      A  period  of  a  hundred 

years. 
•edn-tiii'-u-al,    a.       Perpetual;    never 

ceasing. 


de€'-ade,  n.  The  sum  or  number  of 
ten,  as  ten  years. 

di-re-ct'-ly,  adv.  Immediately ;  with- 
out delay. 

di-ur'-nal,  a.     Daily. 

e-lapse',  v.  i.  To  pass  away  silently, 
as  time. 

e-phem'-e-ral,  a.  Beginning  and  end- 
ing in  a  day. 


74 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


ere-ldiig',  adv.     Before  long;  soon. 

fre'-quen-^y,  n.  Occurrence  oft  re- 
peated. 

im-me'-di-ate-ly,  adv.  Without  delay ; 
instantly. 

iu-stan-ta'-iie-ous,  a.  Done  in  an  in- 
stant. 

leap'-year,  n.  Every  fourth  year, 
containing  366  days. 


iei'-gare,  n.  Time  free  from  employ- 
ment. 

miii'-ute  (min'-it),  n.  Sixty  seconds 
of  time. 

mo'-men-ta-ry,  a.  Lasting  a  very  short 
time. 

iio«-tur'-nal,  a.  Occurring  or  done  at 
night. 

5f'-ten  (6f'-ii),  adv.     Frequently. 


LESSON    134. 

Time. 

"  The  years  have  linings,  just  as  goblets  do  ; 
The  old  year  forms  the  lining  01  the  new  ; 
Killed  with  the  wine  of  pleasant  memories, 
The  golden  was  doth  line  the  silver  is.'' 


Perpetual ;    never- 
Duration;  contin- 


5p-por-tune',  a.      Seasonable ;  timely. 
op-por-tu'-ni-ty,  n.     Fit  or  convenient 

time. 
per-^ii'-ni-al,   a. 

failing. 
per'-ma-neii-^y, «. 

uance  in  the  same  state  or  place. 
per-pet'-ii-al, «.     Never  ceasing. 
pre'-vi-otts,  a.     Happening  before. 
pro-eras'-ti-nate,  v.  t.    To  put  off  till 

tomorrow,  or  from  day    to  day;    to 

postpone. 
re'-<jent-ly,  adv.     Not  long  since. 
re-efir'-rent,  a.     Returning  from  time 

to  time. 
sea'-gou-a-ble,  a.     Opportune ;  timely. 


se-e'-ond,  n.      The   sixtieth  part  of  a 

minute  of  time. 
si-mul-ta'-iie-ous,    a.      At    the    same 

time. 
sub'-se-quent,  a.      Following  in  time. 
sum'-mer,  n.      The  second  season  of 

the  year. 
tar'-di-ly,  adv.     Slowly. 
tem'-po-ra-ry,  a.      Lasting  for  a  short 

time  only. 
tran'-sient  (-shent),  a.     Of  short  du- 
ration. 
iiii-n'-§ii-al,  a.      Not  occurring  often; 

uncommon. 
u'-gii-al,  a.  Occurring  of  ten ;  customary. 
year'-ly,    a.      Happening    or    coming 

every  year. 


LESSON    135. 
OICXAXIOT*  HXBRCISH. 

O  a  wonderful  stream  is  the  river  Time 

As  it  runs  through  the  realm  of  tears, 
With  a  faultless  rhythm  and  musical  rhyme, 
And  a  broader  sweep  and  a  surge  sublime, 

As  it  blends  in  the  ocean  of  years. 
How  the  winters  are  drifting  like  flakes  of  snow,    . 

And  the  summers  like  buds  between, 
And  the  year  in  the  sheaf,  how  they  come  and  they  go 
On  the  river's  breast  with  its  ebb  and  flow, 

As  it  glides  in  the  shadow  and  sheen." 


SPELLING  AND  DEFINING. 


75 


LESSON    136. 

MISCKI^I^AT^KOVS. 

•|From  torch  reversed,  the  flame 

Still  streameth,  rising  straight ; 
So  struggleth  up  the  brave  man 
Stricken  down  by  fate." 


pre-d6m'-i-nant,  a.  Prevalent  over 
others ;  superior  in  strength,  influence 
or  authority. 

prep-a-ra'-tion,  n.  Anything  which 
makes  ready  or  prepares  the  way. 

prey'-a-lencje,  n.  General  existence 
or  extension. 

priy'-i-le^e,  n,    A  peculiar  benefit  or 

advantage. 
prob'-a-ble,  a.     Likely;   having  more 

evidence  for  than  against. 
pro-^e'-dnre,  n.    An  act  performed. 
prd€-la-ma'-tion,  n.       An  official  or 

general  notice. 
pro-du'-^i-ble,  a.      Capable  of  being 

brought  forth. 


prdm-e-iiade'  or  prdm-e-uade',  v.  i. 

To  walk  for  amusement  or  exercise. 
prom'-i-iieii§e,  n.    Conspicuousness. 
pro-mis'-€u-ous,  a.     Mingled. 
pnb-li§'-i-ty,     n.       Notoriety;    being 

public. 
pul'-yer-ize,  v.  /.     To  reduce  to  fine 

powder. 
pun-c'-ture,  v.  t.      To  pierce  with  a 

small  pointed  instrument. 
pnr-su'-ant,  a.     Following. 
pur-vey',  v,  t.     To  furnish  or  provide. 
qua-drille'  (kwa-  or  ka-)>  «•     A  kifid 

of  dance. 
rad'-i-eal,  a.     Extreme;  unsparing. 
rai§'-a-ble,  a.    That  can  be  raised. 
raii'-§id,  a.    Having  a  rank  smell. 


LESSON    137. 

I^ike  as  a  plank  of  drift-wood,  tossed  on  the  watery  main, 
Another  plank  encounters,  meets,  touches,  parts  again  ; 
So,  meeting  and  parting  ever,  on  life's  unresting  sea, 
Men  meet,  and  greet,  and  sever,  parting  eternally." 


a€-quaint'-aiiQe,  n.     One  well  known. 
as-sem'-ble,  v.  z.     To  meet  or  come 
together. 

as-so'-ci-ate  (-shi-at),  n.      A  compan- 
ion. 

aux-il'-ia-ry  (-ya-r^),  ^.    Helping;  as- 
sisting. 

e-«lat',  n.    Brilliancy  of  success ;  splen- 
dor. 

e-lite'  (a-leet')9  ^'     -A.  choice  or  select 
body. 

iu-form'-al,  a.   Not  in  the  usual  estab- 
lished form. 

in'-ter-view,  n.    A  conference. 
in'-ti-ma-^y,  n.  Nearness  in  friendship. 
in-tro-duQe',   t/.  t.      To  make  known 
by  formal  announcement. 


r-so-late  or  is'-o-late,  v-  t.    To  place 

by  oneself,  or  itself. 
ma'-tu-al, «.     Interchanged;  common. 
5s'-tra-<jize,  v.   t.       To  banish  from 

society. 

per'-son-al,  a.  Belonging  or  pertain- 
ing to  a  person. 

rou-tine',  n.  A  round  of  business  or 
"pleasure  often  pursued. 

se-elu'-gion,  n.  Separation  from  society. 

so'-cia-ble  (-sha-bl),  a.  Fond  of  com- 
panions. 

so-§i'-e  ty,  «.  An  association  for  mu- 
tual benefit,  pleasure  or  usefulness. 

soi-ree'  (swa-ra'),  n.  An  evening 
party. 

sdl'-i-tude,  n.     State  of  being  alone. 


76 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


LESSON    138. 

KAmHS  AI»I»I^lEO  XO  MKI^. 

To  thine  own  self  be  true, 

And  it  must  follow,  as  the  night  the  day, 

Thou  canst  not  then  be  false  to  any  ma.n.— Shakespeare. 


bach'-e-lor,  n.     An  unmarried  man. 

ben'-e-di€t,  n      A  married  man. 

breth'-ren,  n.  Used  in  Scriptural  lan- 
guage in  place  of  brothers. 

chau'-^el-lor,  «.  A  judicial  officer  of 
high  rank. 

chnrl,  n.    A  surly,  ill-bred  fellow. 

f  6'-^,  n.     A  dull  old  fellow. 

fra-ter'-nal,  a.     Brotherly. 

gl'-ant,  n.  A  man  of  extraordinary 
bulk  or  stature. 

i-tin'-er-aiit,  n.  One  who  travels  from 
place  to  place,  pariricularly  a  preacher. 

mas'-€ii-liue,  a.  Not  feminine ;  strong ; 
robust. 

Mor'-phe-iis,  n.    The  god  of  dreams. 


nepli'-ew,  n.  The  son  of  a  brother  or 
sister. 

pro-f  ess'-or,  n  One  who  professes  to 
teach  any  science  or  branch  of  learning. 

pu'-gil-ist,  n.  One  who  fights  with  his 
fists. 

8€ulp'-tor,  n.  One  whose  occupation 
is  to  carve  images  or  figures. 

swain,  7t.     A  country  gallant  or  lover. 

tii'-tor,  n.  A  private  or  public  teacher. 

un'-ele,  n.  The  brother  of  one's  father 
or  mother. 

yet'-er-aii,  n.  One  grown  old  in  serv- 
ice. 

vi-e'-ar,  n.  The  incumbent  of  an  ap- 
propriated benefice. 


LESSON    139. 
uicTAxiojv  hxhrcise:. 

**  Many  men  have  been  obscure  in  their  origin  and  birth,  but  great  and  glori- 
ous in  life  and  death.  They  have  been  born  and  nurtured  in  villages,  but  have 
reigned  and  triumphed  in  cities.  They  were  first  laid  in  the  mangers  of  poverty 
and  obscurity,  but  afterwards  have  become  possessors  of  thrones  and  palaces. 
Their  fame  is  like  the  pinnacle  which  ascends  higher  and  higher,  until  at  last  it 
becomes  a  most  conspicuous  and  towering  object  of  attraction.  It  is  not  good  for 
human  nature  to  have  the  road  of  life  made  too  easy.  So  it  is  a  common  saying 
that  the  men  who  are  most  successful  in  business  are  those  who  begin  the  world 
in  their  shirt  sleeves,  while  those  who  begin  with  fortunes  generally  lose  them." 


bnj-nStte',  n. 

plexion. 
■e6-qu6tte',  n. 
dniigh'-ter,  n. 


LESSON    140. 

KAMKS  AI»I*I^IKD  XO  UVOWIBBI. 


A  woman  is  too  .slight  a  thing 

To  trample  the  world  without  feeling  its  sting. 


-Owen  Meredith. 


A  woman  of  dark  com- 

A  jilt;  a  flirt. 
A  female  descendant. 


dow'-a-ger,  n.  A  title  given  in  England 
to  a  widow,  to  distinguish  her  from 
the  wife  of  her  husband's  heir  bear- 
ing the  same  name. 


SPELLING   AND    DEFINING. 


77 


em'-press,  n.     The  consort  or  wife  of 

an  emperor. 
f  em'-i-niiie,  a.     Womanly. 
god'-dess,  n.     A  female  god. 
her'-o-iue,  n.    A  woman  of  brave  spirit. 
maid'-en,  n.     An  unmarried  woman. 
mam-ma^  n.     Mother. 
ma-ter'-nal,  a.     Motherly. 
ma'-tron,  n.      The   female  head  of  a 

household. 
Mi-ner'-va,  n.  The  goddess  of  wisdom, 

of  war,  and  of  the  liberal  arts. 


iiie^e,  n.  The  daughter  of  a  brother 
or  sister. 

pre-§ep'-tress,  n.      A  female  teacher. 

queen,  n.     A  female  monarch. 

shep'-herd-ess  (erd),  n.  A  woman 
that  tends  sheep. 

si'-ren,  n.  An  enticing  or  alluring 
woman. 

sul-ta'-na  or  sul-ta'-iia,  n.  The  wife 
of  a  sultan. 

ter'-ma-gant,  n.  A  boisterous,  brawl- 
ing woman. 


LESSON    141. 

NAMKS  AI»I»l,IKO  TO  PKRSO^S. 

The  heights  by  great  men  reached  and  kept 
Were  not  attained  by  sudden  flight ; 

But  they,  while  their  companions  slept, 

Were  toiling  upward  in  the  nigh.t.  —  Longfellow. 


a-diilt/,  n.     A  person  grown  up. 

ap'-pli-€aiit,  «.  One  who  makes  re- 
quest. 

as-pir'-ant,  n.  One  who  aspires  or 
seeks  with  eagerness. 

as-sess'-or,  n.  One  who  determines 
the  taxes. 

beg'-gar,  n.     One  who  begs. 

l)ig'-ot,  n.  One  unreasonably  devoted 
to  a  party  or  creed. 

blonde,  n.  A  person  with  fair  com- 
plexion. 

€an'-ni-bal,  n.  One  who  eats  human 
flesh. 

^'hap'-er-on,  n.  One  who  attends  a 
lady  in  public  places  as  a  guide  and 
protector. 

Clt'-i-zen,  n.  An  inhabitant  of  a  city, 
state  or  country. 


■eoF-league,  n.  A  partner  or  associate 
in  some  civil  office. 

■€Ol-le€t'-or,  n.  An  officer  appointed 
and  commissioned  to  receive  taxes, 
duties,  tolls  or  customs, 

«6n-nois-senr'  (kon  nis  stir'),  n.     One 

well  versed  in  any  subject. 

■eo-tem'-po-ra-ry,  n.     One  who  lives  at 

the  same  time  as  another. 
■eoug'-in  (kuz'-n),  n.     The  child  of  an 

uncle  or  aunt. 

de-p6§'-i-tor,  n.     One  who  deposits. 
dep'-u-ty,  n.     An  assistant  empowered 

to  act  in  the  officer's  name. 
ep'-i-eure,  n.     One  who  indulges  in  the 

luxuries  of  the  table. 


fa-natM«,   n. 

opinion. 

fii'-gi-tive,  n. 

danger. 


One    extravagant    in 
One    who    flees    from 


LESSON    142. 
Xames  Applied  to  Persons. 

"  Some  murmur  when  their  sky  is  clear  and  wholly  bright  to  view. 
If  one  small  speck  of  dark  appear  in  their  great  heaven  of  blue  ; 
And  some  with  thankful  love  are  filled  if  but  one  streak  of  light - 
One  ray  of  God's  good  mercy —  gild  the  darkness  of  the  night." 


f  iin-e^-tion-a-ry,  n.  One  who  holds  an 
office. 

gyp'-sy,  n.  One  of  a  vagabond  race, 
of  a  roving  disposition ;  a  dark-col- 
ored person. 


her'-mit,  n.  A  recluse ;  one  who  retires 
from  society  and  lives  in  solitude. 

ig-no-ril'-mus,  n.     An  ignorant  person. 

in-«iim'-bent,  n.  The  person  in  present 
possession  of  an  office. 


78 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


In-dl-vid'-u-al,  n.    A  person. 
in-hab'-it-ant,  n.     One  who  has  a  legal 

settlement  in  a  town,  city  or  parish. 
in'-sti-ga-tor,  n.     One  who  incites. 
meu'-ial,  n.     A  servant. 
mer'-chant,  n.      One  who  buys  goods 

to  sell  again. 
mes'-sen-ger,  n.       One  who  bears  a 

message  or  an  errand. 
ml'-ger,   n.      An    extremely    covetous 

and  stingy  person. 

no-vl'-ti-ate  (-shi-ate),  n.    One  who  is 
going  through  a  period  of  probation. 


op-po'-nent,   «.      One    who    opposes; 
an  adversary. 

peo'-ple,  «.     The   population,  or  part 
of  It. 

re-^ip^-i-ent,  n.     One  who  receives. 

reg'-i-dent,   «•      One   who  resides  or 
dwells  in  a  place  for  some  time. 

sliTrk,  n.       One    who  seeks   to  avoid 
duty. 

sfib'-sti-tiite,  n.       One    who    or    that 
which  is  put  in  place  of  another. 

trans-^ress'-or,  «.     One  who  violates 
any  known  principle  of  rectitude. 


LESSON    143. 

NATIONS. 

National  progress  is  the  sum  of  individual  industry,  energy  and  uprightness,  as  national  decay 
is  of  individual  Idleness,  selfishness  and  vice  —Samuel  Smiles. 

If '-ri-€aii,  n.     A  native  of  Africa. 

A-mer'-i-€aii,  n.    A  native  of  America. 

Bed'-^n-Tn,  «.  One  of  the  tribe  of  no- 
madic Arabs,  who  live  in  tents. 

■Gau-ea'-sian,  «.  Any  one  belonging 
to  the  Indo-European  race,  and  the 
white  races  originating  near  Mt. 
Caucasus. 

E-^|p'-tiaii,  n.  A  native  or  naturalized 
inhabitant  of  Egypt. 

Es'-qui-mau  or  Es'-ki-mo,  n.  An  in- 
habitant of  arctic  America  and  Green- 
land. 

Eii-ro-pe'-an,  n.  An  inhabitant  of 
Europe. 

6§n'-tIIe,  n.  The  nations  at  large  as 
distinguished  from  the  Jews. 


Ore'-cian  (-shan),  n.  A  native  of 
Greece;  a  Greek. 

He'-brew  (-br^i),  ».  An  Israelite;  a 
Jew. 

Hiu'-do<),  n.     A  native  of  Hindostan. 

In'-diaii  (iud'-yaii),  n.  One  of  the 
aboriginal  inhabitants  of  America. 

I-tal'-ian  (-yau),  n.     A  native  of  Italy. 

Jap-a-nege',  n.  A  native  of  Japan,  or 
the  people  of  that  country. 

Lap'-Iand-er,  «.    A  native  of  Lapland. 

M6ii-^o'-li-an,  n.  A  native  of  Mon- 
golia. 

Nor-we'-gi-aii,  n.    A  native  of  Norway. 

Por'-tii-guege,  n.  An  inhabitant  of 
Portugal. 

Rtts'-sian  (rttsli'-aii  or  ru'-shau),  n.    A 

native  of  Russia. 

Si-be'-ri-aii,  n.    A  native  of  Siberia. 


LESSON    144. 
oicxAXioi^  hx:e:rci9K. 

Breathes  there  a  man  with  soul  so  dead, 
Who  never  to  himself  hath  said, 
"  This  is  my  own,  my  native  land!  " 
Whose  heart  hath  ne'er  within  him  burned. 
As  home  his  footsteps  he  hath  turned. 
From  wandering  on  a  foreign  strand  ? 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


79 


If  such  there  breathe,  go,  mark  him  well : 

For  him  no  minstrel  raptures  swell, 

High  though  his  titles,  proud  his  name. 

Boundless  his  wealth  as  wish  can  claim ; 

Despite  those  titles,  power  and  pelf. 

The  wretch  concentrated  all  in  self. 

Living,  shall  forfeit  fair  renown. 

And,  doubly  dying,  shall  go  down 

To  the  vile  dust  from  which  he  sprung. 

Unwept,  unhonored,  and  unsung. —  Walter  Scott. 


LESSON    145. 

HOUOPHO^OVS  ^WORDS. 

Though  the  mills  of  God  grind  slowly,  yet  they  grind  exceeding  small ; 

Though  with  patience  he  stands  waiting,  with  exactness  grinds  he  all.—  Lojigfellow. 


pauge,  V.  i.   To  cease  for  a  time. 
paw§,  n.  pi.     Feet  of  an  animal. 

ped'-al,  n.    A  lever  or  key  acted  on  by 

the  feet ;  a  treadle. 
ped'-dle,  v.  t.     To  sell  from  house  to 

house. 


plnm,  n. 
pliimb,  c 


A  small  fruit. 
Perpendicular. 


pole,  n.     A  long,  round  piece  of  wood. 
poll,  n.     A  head ;  a  place  for  voting. 

A  small   opening ;    {v.  i. )  to 


pore,  n. 

study. 
pour,  V.  t. 


To  send  forth. 


pray,  v.  i.     To  beseech. 
prey,  n.     Booty;  plunder. 

prin'-^i-pal,  a.     Chief. 
prin'-^i-ple,  n.     A  rule  of  action ;    a 
fundamental  truth. 

prdf '-it,  n.     Gain ;  valuable  results. 
proph'-et,  n.    A  religious  teacher;  one 
who  foretells  events. 

quarts,   n.  pi.      Plural   of   quart,  the 

fourth  part  of  a  gallon. 
quartz,  n.     A  mineral. 

raige,  v.  t.    To  lift  up. 
ray§,  «.     Lines  of  light. 


LESSON  146. 
pbrxai:ki:kg  to  iha^^e^rs. 

What  a  rare  gift  is  that  of  manners  !    Better  for  one  to  possess  them  than  wealth,  beauty  or 
talent  ;  they  will  more  than  supply  all. —  Bulwer  Lytton. 


a-bu'-sive,   a.      Offering  harsh  words 

and  ill  treatment. 
af'-fa-ble,   a.       Easy  of    manners  or 

conversation. 
a'-mi-a-ble,  a.    Worthy  of  love. 
ar'-ro-gan^e,  n.     Proud  contempt  for 

others. 
awk'-ward,  a.    Clumsy ;  ungraceful  in 

manner. 


be-hay'-ior  (-yur),  n.      Manner  of  con- 
ducting one's  self. 
brag'-gart,  n.     A  boastful  person. 
blun'  der-er,  n.    A  careless  person. 

•ea-pri'-cious  (-prish'-iis),   a.      Whim- 
sical. 

■eare'-ful-ness,  «.     Heedfulness. 

■eare'-less,  a.     Heedless. 


80 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


€au'-tiou8  (-shils),  a.  Timorous ;  over 
piudent. 

•edm-pla'-geii-^y, «.    Satisfaction. 

•Cdm-p6'-§nre,  n.  Calmness;  tran- 
quillity. 

€dn-de-S5end',  v.  i.  To  relinquish  dig- 
nity of  character. 

€dn-f i-deil'-tial,«.  Secret ;  trustworthy. 


■edii-ge'-ni-al,  a. 

same  nature. 


Sympathetic ;  of  the 


«dn-s<ji-Sn'-tious  (-sM-en'-shiis),  a.  In- 
fluenced by  conscience. 

■cdn-tempt',  n.     Disdain. 

■eor'-dial,  a.  Sincere ;  heartfelt ;  warm ; 
affectionate. 


LESSON    147. 

Pertaining:  to  Manners. 

Many  young  persons  believe  themselves  natural  when  they  are  only  impolite  and  coarse. 
Rouchefoucauld. 


«oftr'-te-sy,  n.     Politeness  or  manners. 

€dv'-et-oiis,  a.     Eager  to  obtain. 

•eow'-ard-i^e,  «.     Timidity ;  fear. 

•erit'-i-C-al,  a.  Severe  in  judging;  in- 
clined to  find  fault. 

•cnjde'-ly,  adv.  In  an  immature  or 
hasty  manner ;  rudely. 

de-«o'-rous  or  de€'-o-rous,  a.     Proper. 

de-co'-rum,  n.  Propriety  of  manner 
or  conduct. 

def-er-en'-tial  (-shal),  a.  Accustomed 
to  defer. 

de-lib'-er-ate,  a.      Not  sudden  or  rash. 

des'-ul-to-ry,  a.  Immethodical ;  dis- 
connectedly. 


dif -ft-dent,  ^.     Timid;  distrustful. 
di^-ni-ty,  n.     Manners  suited   to  in- 
spire respect. 

doiibt'-fill  (dout'-),^.     Hesitating;  un- 

detemiined 
du'-bi-oiis,  a.     Unsettled  or  doubtful. 
ea'-ger,  a.     Keenly  desirous. 
ear'-nest,  a.      Ardent  in  pursuit  of  an 

object. 
e«-^en'-tri«,  a.    Odd. 
em-bar'-rass,  v.   t.      To  confuse;    to 

disconcert. 

er-i-qnette  (et'-i-ket),  «.  Conven- 
tional decorum. 

fa-mil'-iar  (-yar),  a.  Not  formal ;  un- 
ceremonious. 


LESSON    148. 
Pertaining:  to  Manners. 

Unbecoming  forwardness  oftener  proceeds  from  ignorance  than  impudence. 


f as'-^i-nate,  2/. /.  To  charm;  to  cap- 
tivate. 

fas-tid'-i-oiis,  a.     Difficult  to  please. 

fe-ro'-cious,  a.     Fierce ;  savage. 

f  I  del'  i  ty,  «.     Loyalty. 

flfT^e'-ness,  «.     Fury;  violence. 

flip'-paii-<^y,  «.       Pertness;  petulancy. 

f  dr'-<ji-ble,  a.     Possessing  force. 

for-maF-i-ty,  n.     Habitual  mode. 

fret'-fyl,  a.     Peevish ;  irritable. 

friv'-o-Iofts,  a.     Given  to  trifling. 

lire'-ni-al,  a  Sympathetically  cheer- 
ful and  cheering. 

g:6li-teel',  a.     Polite ;  well-bred. 


gra'-cious  (-shfts),  a.      Merciful ;  kind 

to  the  poor. 
hgiigh'-ty  (haw'-),  a.     Disdainful. 
hSs-i-ta'-tioii,  «.     Doubt. 
id-i-o-sj^n'-era-sy,  n.     A  characteristic 

of  an  individual. 
im-par'-tial,  a.  Not  favoring  one  more 

than  another. 
Im-pa'-tieiice  (  sh^ns),  n.     Violence  of 

temper. 
im-per'-ti-iieiit,  a.    Rude  in  behavior. 
ini-pot'Ti-ofls,  a.     Vehement  in  feeling 

or  action. 


SPELLING   AND   DEFINING. 


81 


LESSON    149. 

Pertaluliis:  to  Manners. 

Intelligence  and  courtesy  not  always  are  combined  ; 

Often  in  a  wooden  house  a  golden  room  we  find. —  Longfellow. 


Aii  unsuitable  act 
Bold,  with  contempt 
Acting  suddenly,  or 


im-pro-pri'-e-ty,  n. 

or  expression. 

im'-pu-deut,  a. 

for  others. 

im-puF-sive,  a 

by  impulse. 

iieg'-li-gen§e,  n.     Heedlessness. 
nery'-ous,  a.     Easily  agitated. 
of-fi'-ciotts  (-fish'-us),  a.  Meddlesome 
6p-press'-ive,  a. 

justly  severe. 

par-ti«'-u  lar,  a 


cise. 
pet'-ii-lan-§y,  n. 

ish  passion. 
po-lite'-ness,  n. 


Overpowering;   un- 
Hard  to  suit;  pre- 
Peevishness;  freak- 
Elegance  of  manners. 


pomp'-ouj^,  a.     Boastful. 

pre-Qip'-i-tate,  v.  t.     To  hurry  rashly. 

pre-Qi'-§ioii  (-sizh'-un),  n.  The  quality 
of  being  precise. 

pre-co'-cious  (-shus),  a.   Too  forward. 

pre-§ump'-tu-ous,  a.     Over-confident; 
going  beyond  bounds  of  modesty. 

pre-ten'  tious  (shus),  a.    To  lay  claim 
to  more  than  one's  due. 

Quickly   and  cheerfully 
Disposed  to 


pr5mpt,  a. 

performed. 


pu^-na'-cious  (shus),  a 

_fight. 

pu-sil-lan'-i-mous,  a.     Cowardly. 
quaint'-ness,  n.    Oddness. 


LESSON    150. 

Pertaining:  to  Manners. 

"  There  IS  policy  in  manner.     I  have  heard  one  not  inexperienced  in  the  pursuit  of  fame,  give 
it  his  earnest  support,  as  being  the  surest  passport  to  absolute  and  brilliant  success." 


quer'-u-lous,  a.     Quarrelsome. 

ques'-tion-a-ble,  a.  Doubtful ;  suspi- 
cious. 

re-lu-e'-tan-^y,  n.     Unwillingness. 

ret'-i-^ent,  a.     Reserved. 

sau'-Qi-ness,  n.     Impudence. 

s-eru'-pu-lous,  a.  Careful ;  doubtful. 

se-reue'-ly,  adv.    Calmly. 

sim-pli§'-i-ty,  n.     Artlessness  of  mind. 

sm-§er'-i  ty,  n.     Honesty  of  mind. 

smirk,  n.     An  affected  smile. 

ti-mid'-i-ty,  n.  The  state  of  being 
timid. 


tran'-quil-ly,  adv.  In  a  tranquil  man- 
ner; quietly. 

trep-i-da'-tion,  n.  Involuntary  trem- 
bling, caused  usually  by  terror  or  fear. 

triv'-i-al-ly,  adv.  In  a  trifling  manner. 

un-eouth',  a.     Awkward;  odd. 

ur-ban'-i-ty,  «.  Politeness;  refine- 
ment. 

van'-i-ty,  n.     Idle  show;  pride. 

yi-va'-cious,  a.     Lively;  active. 

whim'-§i-€al,  a.     Full  of  whims. 

zeal'-ous,  a.  Ardent  in  behalf  of  an 
object. 


LESSON    151. 
PKit.XAiNiBjG  TO  i^i:kkagk. 

There  is  certainly  something  of  exquisite  kindness  and  thoughtful  benevolence  in  that  rarest 
of  gifts  —  fine  breeding.—  Bulwer  Lytton. 


A  series  of  ancestors; 


an'-^es-try,  n. 

lineage. 

an'-cient  (sheut),  a.    Old. 


an-tiq'-ui-ty  (-tik'-wi-),  n.       Ancient 

times. 
a-ris'-to-€rat  or  ar'-is-to-€rat,  n.    A 

proud  or  haughty  person. 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


ar-is-t6€'-ra-^y,  n.      The  nobility  or 

chief  persons  in  a  state. 
de-8cend'-ant,  n.      One  who  descends, 

as  offspring. 
f  ore'-f  a-tiier,  n.     An  ancestor. 
gen-e-aF-o-gy,  n.    A  pedigree. 
gen'- try,  n.     Rank  by  birth. 
lin'-e-age,  «.     Race;  descent. 
iio-bil'-i-ty,  n.     Noble  birth. 
par'-ve-nu,  n.     One  newly  risen   into 

notice. 


pa-tri'-ciau  (trlsh'-au),  n.     One   of 

noble  birth. 

ped'-i-gree,  «.     Line  of  ancestors. 

ple-be'-ian  (-yan),  «.    One  of  the  com 
mon  people. 

pdp'-u-la§e,  n.     The  common  people. 

po-si'-tioii,  n.     Social  rank. 

pred-e-^es'-sor,  n.  One  whom  an- 
other comes  after. 

roy'-al-ty,  rt.  The  state  of  being  regal 
or  royal. 

yeo'-man,  n.  A  plebeian  of  the  most 
respectable  class. 


LESSON    152. 

OICXATIOK  HXHRCISH. 

Who  are  the  nobles  of  the  earth,  the  true  aristocrats 

Who  need  not  bow  their  heads  to  lords,  nor  doff  to  kings  their  hats  ? 

Who  are  they  but  the  men  of  toil,  the  mighty  and  the  free, 

Whose  hearts  and  hands  subdue  the  earth,  and  compass  all  the  sea  ? 

Who  are  they  but  the  men  of  toil,  who  cleave  the  forest  down, 

And  plant,  amid  the  wilderness,  the  hamlet  or  the  town, — 

Who  fight  the  battles,  bear  the  scars,  and  give  the  world  its  crown 

Of  name,  and  fame,  and  history,  and  pomp  of  old  renown  ? 

These  claim  no  gaud  of  heraldry,  and  scorn  the  knighting  rod ; 

Their  coats  of  arms  are  noble  deeds,  their  peerage  is  from  God ! 

They  take  not  from  ancestral  graves  the  glory  of  their  name, 

But  win,  as  once  their  fathers  won,  the  laurel  wreath  of  fame. —  Stewart. 


LESSON    153. 
miscHi^i^ABiHous. 

A  man  should  never  be  ashamed  to  own  he  has  been  in  the  wrong,  which  is  but  saying  in 
other  words  that  he  is  wiser  today  than  yesterday. —  Pope. 

re-lief ',  n.  The  removal  of  anything 
oppressive  or  burdensome. 

re-lin'-qulsh,  v.  t.   To  withdraw  from. 

re-ly',  v.  i.     To  depend  upon. 

re-me'-dl-a-ble,  a.  Capable  of  being 
remedied  or  cured. 

rSii'-dez-vQus  (-de-v<F?»,  n.  A  place 
appointed  for  meeting. 


r6ad'-i-ly,  adv.  Without  delay  or  ob- 
jection. 

re-^ep'-ta-ele,  n.    A  receiver  or  holder. 

re-€Oir,  V.  i.  To  take  a  reverse  motion. 

r6«-on-<jn-l-a'-tion,  n.  Renewal  of 
friendship. 

re-du'-^i-ble,  a.    That  can  be  reduced. 

re'-gi6ii,  n.    Vicinity. 

re-lapse',  v.  i.    To  fall  back ;  to  return. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


re-new'-al  (-nu'-),  n.  The  act  of  com- 
mencing again. 

re-pair%  v.  t.  To  restore  to  a  sound 
or  good  state. 

rep'-a-ra-ble,  a.  That  can  be  repaired. 

re-pu'-di-ate,  v.  i.  To  have  nothing 
to  do  with. 


req'-ui-§ite  (-wi-)>  «• 

dispensable. 
re-tal'-i-ate,  ^.  t. 

like. 
re-ver'-l)er-ate,  t/. 
rouge  (roozh),  n. 

give  a  red  color. 


Something  in- 
To  return  like  for 


/.     To  resound. 
A  cosmetic  used  to 


LESSON    154. 
i»krtai:ni]sg  to  tkmper  abjo  oisposixio^. 

In  ourselves  the  sunshine  dwells  ; 

From  ourselves  the  music  swells  ; 

By  ourselves  our  life  is  fed 

With  sweet  or  bitter  daily  bread.—  Goldsmith. 


a-gree'-a-ble,  a.    Pleasing. 

change'-a-ble,  a.      Fickle ;  inconstant. 

€6ii-tent'-ment,  n.  Satisfaction ;  with- 
out disquiet. 

dis-po-gi'-tion,  n.  Acquired  aptitude 
of  temper  or  character ;  disposal. 

do^'-ile,  a.    Easily  managed  or  taught. 

en-dur'-an^e,  n.  Patience ;  a  bearing 
or  suffering. 

ex-as'-per-ate,  v.  /.  To  enrage;  to 
provoke. 

fren'-zy,  n.     Madness ;  rage. 

in-dig'-naiit,  a.     Feeling  wrath. 

in-f  ii'-ri-ate,  v.  t.     To  enrage. 

jeal'-ous-y,  n.  Uneasiness  from  fear 
of  rivalry. 


6p'-ti-mist,  n.     One  who  thinks  every- 
thing happens  for  the  best. 

pas'-sion-ate,    a.      Easily    moved  to 
anger. 

pes'-si-mist,  n.    One  who  thinks  every- 
thing is  for  the  worst. 

pla^'-id,  a.     Serene ;  tranquil. 

san'-guine,  a.     Full  of  hope. 

siis-pF-cious  (-pish'-us),  a.      Apt    to 

believe  without  proof. 

um'-brage,  n.     Offense. 
world'-li-ness  (wurld'-),  n.  Being  fond 

of  temporal  enjoyments. 
wrath,  n.     Violent  anger. 


LESSON    155. 

OBBifOTIUJG  HATK.BI>. 

If  you  hate  your  enemies,  you  will  contract  such  a  vicious  habit  of  mind  as  by  degrees  will 
break  out  upon  those  who  are  your  friends,  or  those  who  are  indifferent  to  yo\i.— Plutarch. 

ab-h6r'-reii§e,  n.     Extreme  hatred.  ma-lev'- olenQe,  n.      Evil  disposition 


a-bom'-i-nate,  v.  t.     To  hate  in  the 

highest  degree. 
aii-i-m6s'-i  ty,  n.     Violent  hatred. 
an-tip'-a-thy,  n.  Disgust ;  repugnance. 
a-ver'-sion,  n.     Dislike. 
des'-pi-ea-ble,  a.      Worthless;    to  be 

despised. 
eu'-ml-ty,  n.     Hatred;  ill-will. 
ha'-tred,  n.     Very  great  dislike. 
in'-fa-mous,  a.     Detestable. 
loatii'-s6me,  a.      Exciting  disgust  or 

hatred. 


ma-lev'- olenQe,  i 

toward  another. 
ma-li'-cioiis  (-lish'-us),  a.     Proceeding 

from  hatred  or  ill-will. 
ob-nox'-ious,  a.     Odious;  hateful. 
o'-di-oiis,  a.     Deserving  hatred. 
ran'-cor,  n.     Inveterate  hatred. 
re-ptig'-nan^e,  n.     Aversion;  dislike. 


re-venge'-ful,  a. 
ve'-he-ment,  a. 
venge'-au^e,  n. 
ven'-om-ous,  a. 


Vindictive. 
Furious. 
Retribution. 

Malignant;  spiteful. 


84 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


LESSON    156. 

Life  appears  to  me  too  short  to  be  spent  in  nursing  animosity  or  registering 
wrongs.  We  are,  and  must  be,  one  and  all,  burdened  with  faults  in  this  world, 
but  the  time  will  come  when,  I  trust,  we  shall  put  them  off  in  putting  off  our  cor- 
ruptible bodies ;  when  debasement  and  sin  will  fall  from  us  with  this  cumbrous 
frame  of  flesh.  It  is  a  creed  in  which  I  delight,  to  which  I  cling.  It  makes  eternity 
a  rest,  a  home  —  not  a  terror  and  an  abyss.  With  this  creed,  revenge  never  wor- 
ries my  heart,  degradation  never  too  deeply  disgusts  me,  injustice  never  crushes 
me  too  low;  I  live  in  calm,  looking  to  the  end. —  Charlotte  Bronti. 


LESSON    157. 
pkRXAi:ki:ng  xo  i:ntk]»ii»Bicancb. 

"  I  dare  not  drink  for  my  own  sake  ; 
I  ought  not  to  drink  for  my  neighbor's  sake." 


ab'-sti-nenge,  n.  Voluntary  refraining 
from  indulging  the  appetite,  as  for 
strong  drink. 

al'-€0-hol,  n.  Pure  or  highly  rectified 
spirits. 

dis-till'-er-y,  «.  A  building  and  works 
where  distilling  is  carried  on. 

driink'-ard,  n.  One  who  habitually 
drinks  to  excess. 

lia-bit'-u-al,  a.     Acquired  by  habit. 

in-e'-bri-ate,  n.   An  habitual  drunkard. 

iu-tem'-per-aii§e,  n.  Habitual  in- 
dulgence in  drinking  spirituous 
liquors. 

Iiq'-u6r  (lik'-ur),  n.  Any  alcoholic 
fluid,  either  distilled  or  fermented. 

m6d-er-a'-tioii,  n.  Freedom  from 
excess. 


ref-or-ma'-tioii,     n.        Change     from 

worse  to  better. 
re-mou'-stran^e,   n.      Act    of  urging 

against 
re§-o-Iu'-tion,  n      Firmness  in  opinion, 

act  or  thought. 
re'-tro-grade  or  ret'-ro-grade,  v.   /. 

Declining  from  better  to  worse. 
sa-lo^ii',  n.     A  place  where  liquors  are 

sold  in  small  quantities. 
so-bri'-e-ty,  n.     Habitual  soberness. 
tee-to'-tal-er,  n.      One  pledged  to  en- 
tire   abstinence     from     intoxicating 

drinks. 
tem'-per-an^e,  «.     Moderation. 
tSm'-per-ate,  a.     Not  excessive. 
tempt,  V.  t.     To  try  to  persuade. 
whis'-key  or  whls'-ky,  n.       A   spirit 

distilled  from  grain. 


LESSON    158. 

How  far  that  little  candle  throws  its  beams  ! 

So  shines  a  good  deed  in  a  naughty  world.  —  Shakespeare 

Kind. 


a-e-edm'-mo-date,'  v.  t.  To  supply  with 

something  desired. 
as-slst'-ance,  «.    Help:  aid. 
be-n8v'-o-leii<je,  «.    Disposition  to  do 

good. 


be-nig'-iiant,  a. 
boun'-te-oiis,  a.  Disposed  to  give  freely. 
char'-i-ty,  «•  Liberality  to  the  poor. 
€6ii-<;erii',  n.  Solicitude ;  interest  in 
or  care  for  any  person  or  thing. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


85 


■eon-doMen^e,  n.  Expression  of  sym- 
pathy for  another. 

«6ii-grat'-u-Iate,  v.  t.  Expressing 
sympathetic  joy. 

■cdn-sid'-er-ate,  a.  .  Careful  of  the 
rights  and  feelings  of  others. 

€Oii-soIe',  V.  t.     To  comfort ;  to  soothe. 

gen'-er-oiis,  a..     Free  to  give. 

gra-tu'-i-ty,  «•  Something  given  freely. 


Iiu-mane%  a.     Kind ;  benevolent. 
lib'-er-al,  a.     Generous ;  open-hearted. 
mag-nan'-i-mous,  a.    Not  selfish. 
mer'-gi-fnl,  a.     Tender ;  not  cruel. 
phi-lan'-thro-py,  n.      Universal  good 

will. 
sa€'-ri-f  ice  (-f  iz),  v.  t.      To  devote  or 

give  up  with  loss  or  suffering. 
sym'-pa-thy,  n.     Fellow  feeling. 


LESSON    159. 

DICXAXIOBJ  KXKRCISH. 

My  heart  was  heavy,  for  its  trust  had  been 

Abused,  its  kindness  answered  with  foul  wrong ; 
So,  turning  gloomily  from  my  fellow  men, 

One  summer  Sabbath-day  I  strolled  among 
The  green  mounds  of  the  village  burial  place, 

Where,  pondering  how  all  human  love  and  hate 

Find  one  sad  level,  and  how,  soon  or  late, 
Wronged  and  wrong-doer,  each  with  meekened  face. 

And  cold  hands  folded  over  a  still  heart. 
Pass  the  green  threshold  of  our  common  grave. 

Whither  all  footsteps  tend,  whence  none  depart  — 
Awed  for  myself,  and  pitying  my  race. 

One  common  sorrow  like  a  mighty  wave 

Swept  all  my  pride  away,  and  trembling,  I  forgave. —  Whittier. 

LESSON    160. 

HOSIOPHOI^OUB  liVORDS. 

On  this  side,  and  on  that,  men  see  their  friends 
Drop  off,  like  leaves  in  autumn  ;  yet  launch  out 
Into  fantastic  schemes,  which  the  long-livers 
In  the  world's  hale  and  undegenerate  days 
Could  scarce  have  leisure  for. — Blair. 


rain,  n.     Water  falling  in  drops  from 

the  atmosphere. 
reign,  v.  i.     To  rule. 
rein,  n.     A  check. 

reed,  n.    A  hollow  stalk. 
read,  v.  t.     To  peruse. 

rest,  n.       Freedom    from    everything 

which,  wearies. 
wrest,  v.  t.     To  take  from  by  force. 

rl^e,  n.      A  kind   of  grain   grown   in 
warm  climates,  and  used  for  food. 


rise  (ris),  n.    An  ascent 
rises  or  seems  to  rise. 


that  which 


right,  a.     Just ;  not  wrong ;  true. 
rite,  n.     A  ceremony. 
Wright,  n.     An  artisan. 
write,  V.  t.     To   express  ideas  by  let- 
ters or  characters. 

road,  n.     A  public  highway. 
rode,  V.  i.     Past  of  ride. 
rowed,  v.  t.     Past  of  row. 

role,  n.     A  part  played. 

roll,  n.     A  list.     v.    To  revolve. 

rye,  n.     Grain  used  for  food. 
wry,  a.     Distorted. 


86 


BUSINESS    SERIES. 


LESSON    161, 


COI^JVKR-SAXION. 


As  it  is  a  characteristic  of  great  wits  to  say  much  in  few  words,  so  it  is  of  small  wits  to  talk 


much  and  say  nothing.— Rochefoucauld. 

a-dieu',  n.    A  farewell. 

al-lude',  V.  i.      To  refer  to;    to  have 

reference. 
al-lu'-gion,  n.     A  hint. 
al-ter-ea'-tion,  n.     Dispute  carried  on 

with  heat  or  anger. 
a-pSl'-o-gy,  «.     An  excuse. 
ar'-gue,  v.  t.  To  persuade  by  reasoning. 
bad'-i-nage  (bad'-in-azh),  n.      Light 

or  playful  discourse. 
ban'-ter,  v.  t.     To  joke  or  jest  with. 
brev'-i-ty,   «.      Contraction  into  few 

words;  conciseness. 
^Sn'-sure,  v.  t.    To  find  fault  with. 
■edl'-lo-quy,  n.   Discourse  between  two 

or  more  persons. 


€$m-mune^  v.  i.  To  converse  together 
familiarly. 

•cdm-plaint',  n.     Fault-finding. 

€6il-§ise',  a.  Expressing  much  in  few 
words. 

•edn'-fer-enge,  n.    A  consultation. 

■edn-ten'-tioii,  n.  Strife  in  debate; 
controversy. 

■edii-tra-di-ct',  v.  /.  To  oppose  in  words. 

■edii'-tro-yer-sy,  n.  Discussion;  dis- 
pute. 

•cdii-ver-sa'-tion,  n.  Familiar  discourse. 

de-bate',  v.  t.  To  contend  for  in  words 
or  argument. 


LESSON    162. 


Conversation. 

The  first  ingredient  in  conversation  is  truth,  next  good  sense,  third  good  humor,  and  the 
fourth  wit.—  Sir  IV.  Temple. 


de€-la-ra'-tioii,  n.  Formal  expression ; 
public  announcement. 

de-ni'-al,  n.    A  contradiction. 

de-nouiKje',  .z/.  /.     To  inform  against. 

di'-a-ldgue,  n.  A  conversation  between 
two  or  more  persons. 

dis-ctls'-sion,  n.  Examination  by  ar- 
gument. 

dls-pute%  n.     Verbal  controversy. 

ex-ag'-ger-ate,  v.  t.  To  enlarge  be- 
yond bounds. 

Sx-pllQ'-it,  a.     Plain  in  language. 

Sx-pfts'-tu-late,  v.  i.     To  remonstrate. 

gab'-ble,  v.  /.  To  talk  without  mean- 
ing. 


Very  talkative. 
/.      To  hint ;   to  intro- 


gar'-r^-loiis,  a. 
In-sln'-n-ate,  v 

duce  artfully. 

lan'-guage,  n.     Human  speech. 

lin'-guist,  n.     A  master  of  language. 

lo-qua'-ciofls  (-shiis),  a.     Talkative. 

mftr'-mur,  v.  i.  To  utter  sullen  discon- 
tent ;  to  make  a  low,  continued  noise. 

uar-ra'-tion,  n.  Telling  the  particu- 
lars of  an  event. 

pre-var'-i-€ate,  v.  i.  To  evade  telling 
the  truth. 

pshgw  (shftw),/"«/<?r;*.  An  exclamation 
to  denote  disdain. 

rail'-ler-y,  n.     Jesting  language. 


SPELLING  AND  DEFINING. 


87 


LESSON    163. 
Conversation. 

"  It  is  not  only  difficult  to  say  the  right  thing  in  the  right  place,  but,  far  more  difficult  still, 
to  leave  unsaid  the  wrong  thing  at  the  tempting  moment." 

re-€a-pit'-u-late,  v.  t.      To  relate  in 

brief. 
re-^it'-al,  n.     A  narration ;  that  which 


is  recited. 

re-count',  v.  t.  To  tell  the  particulars 
of. 

re-late',  v.  t.    To  tell  over. 

rep-ar-tee',  «.  A  smart  and  witty- 
reply. 

rep-e-ti'-tion,  n.  Doing  or  uttering  a 
second  time. 

rji'-mor,  n.  A  current  story  passing 
from  one  person  to  another  without 
any  authority  for  it. 

sal-u-ta'-tiou,  n.     Greeting. 

sar'-€a§m,  n.    A  taunt;  a  cutting  jest. 


sa-tir'-ic-al-ly,  adv. 

remark. 


With  severity  of 


To  cry  out  with  a  shrill 
To  utter   sharply   and 


S€ream,  v.  z. 

voice. 
shriek,  v.  i. 

shrilly. 
smooth'-ness,  n.     Easy  flow  of  words; 

{a.)  evenness  of  surface. 
SO-lil'-O-qiiy,  n.  A  talking  to  one's  self. 
sut-ges'-tion   (-yun),  n.      A  hint;  an 

intimation. 
ut'-ter-ange,  n.     Vocal  expression. 
yague'-ly,  adv.     Unfixedly ;  in  a  vague 

manner. 
ver'-bal,  a.     Expressed  in  words. 
wit'-ti-^i§m,  n.     A   witty   sentence  or 

phrase. 
wel'-eome,  v.  t.     To  salute  with  kind- 
ness. 


LESSON    164. 

DICTATIO:^  E^XBRCISH. 

Never  shall  thy  spoken  word  be  again  unsaid,  unheard ; 

Well  their  work  thy  lips  have  wrought,  joy  or  grief  or  evil  thought ; 

Though  it  pierce  a  poisoned  spear  through  the  soul  thou  boldest  dear. 

Though  it  quiver,  fierce  and  deep,  through  some  stainless  spirit's  sleep. 

Once  for  all  the  rune  is  read,  once  for  all  the  judgment  said ; 

Offer  life  and  soul  and  all  that  one  sentence  to  recall, 

Rue  it  all  thy  lingering  days,  hide  it  deep  with  love  and  praise, 

All  thy  travail  is  in  vain,  spoken  words  come  not  again. — Christian  Union. 


LESSON    165. 

Fasten  your  souls  so  high,  that  constantly 

The  smile  of  your  heroic  cheer  may  float 

Above  all  floods  of  earthly  agonies, 

Purification  being  the  joy  of  pain.— £•.  B.  Browning 

Free  from  hurt,  injury  or 


safe'-ty,  n. 

loss. 
sa-lu'-bri-otis,  a.     Healthful. 
8«odrge  (skdrj),  v.  t.  To  whip  severely. 


s-er^i'-ti-nize,  v.  t.      To  search  closely. 
search'-a-ble,  a.  That  can  be  searched. 
se-e'-ond-a-ry,  a.     Subordinate. 
se'-ere-§y,  n.     Privacy. 


88 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


sed'-i-ment,  n.     Settlings. 

ses'-sioii,  n.      The  actual  assembly  of 

members  of  any  body. 
shield,  V.  t.  To  protect. 
si^-nif -i-«aiit,  a.     Standing  as  a  sign 

or  token. 
sl'-len^e,  n.     Absolute  stillness. 
sin'-§rii-lar,  a.     Odd ;  being  alone. 
si'-phoii,  n.     A  bent  tube  or  pipe. 


sit-ii-a'-tion,  n.     Position. 
slip'-per-y,  a.     Smooth ;   unstable. 
slough  (slou),  n.      A  hole  full  of  mire. 

so-bri-quet'  (so-bre-ka'),  «•  A  nick- 
name. 

sdl'-u-ble,  a.      That  can  be  dissolved. 

sou-ve-nir',  n.  That  which  serves  as 
a  reminder ;  a  keepsake. 


LESSON    166. 
'^VORDS  i>h:noxi^g  PRAISK. 

His  words  are  bonds,  his  oaths  are  oracles  ; 
His  love  sincere,  his  thoughts  immaculate, 
His  tears  pure  messengers  sent  from  the  heart ; 
His  heart  as  far  from  fraud  as  heaven  from  earth. 


Worthy   of  admira- 
To  regard  with  love  or 


ad'-mi-ra-ble,  a. 

tion. 

ad-mire',  v.  t. 
esteem. 

a-dor'-a-ble,  a.     Worthy  of  adoration. 

beau'-ti-ful,  a.  Having  the  qualities 
which  constitute  beauty. 

bril'-liant  (bril'-yant),  a.  Distin- 
guished by  qualities  which  excite 
admiration. 

•com-men-da'-tion,  n.     Praise. 

•edm'-pa-ra-ble,  a.  Worthy  of  com- 
parison. 

€dm'-pli-meiit,  n.  Delicate  flattery; 
praise. 

■cred'-it-a-bly,  adv.  With  credit;  with- 
out disgrace. 


—  Sh  a  k  espea  re. 
Worthy  of  desire,  or 


de-§ir'-a-ble,  a. 

longing. 

e'-go-tist,  n.  One  who  speaks  much  of 
himself,  or  magnifies  his  own  achieve- 
ments. 

e-lab'-o-rate,  a.  Finished  with  great 
care. 

em'-i-iieu^e,  n. 
tion. 

en-€6'-mi-um,  n 

es'-ti-ma-ble,  a. 

eu'-lo-gize,  v.  t. 

ex'  <jel-leiit,  a. 


Exaltation ;    distinc- 

Formal  praise. 
Worthy  of  regard. 
To  praise. 
Very  good. 


Sjt'-em-pla-ry,  a.      Serving  as  a  pat- 

ern;  commendable. 
ex'  qui'Site,  a.     Exceedingly  nice. 
ex-tdl',  V.  t.     To  eulogize. 


LESSON    167. 
'^Tords  Denoting:  Praise. 

lyarge  was  his  bounty,  and  his  soul  sincere. 

Heaven  did  a  recompense  as  largely  send  ; 
He  gave  to  Misery  all  he  had  —  a  tear  ; 

He  gaiTied  from  Heaven  ('twas  all  he  wished)— a  friend.—  Grey. 


fa'-moiis,  a.     Renowned. 
fgult'-less,  a.     Perfect. 
fa'-vor-lte,    a.       Especial    esteem    or 
preference. 


flat'-ter-y,  n.     False  praise. 
^Sn'-u-ine,  a.     Real ;  natural. 
^or'-^eoiis  (-jils),  a.     Magnificent. 
graii'-deur«  n.  Splendor  of  appearance. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


89 


hdn'-or-a-ble  (6n'-ur-),  a.     Worthy  of 

being  esteemed. 
il-lfis'-tri-ous,  a.   Renowned ;  brilliant. 
im-ma-e'-u-late,  a.     Without  blemish. 
iii-«6m'-pa-ra-ble,  a.     Without  equal. 
laud,  ,  V.  t.     To  praise. 
lu'-mi-noiis,  a.     Shining. 
Ills'- tre    or    lus'-ter,    n.       Splendor; 

brightness. 


mag-nif -i-^ent,  a.  On  a  grand  scale ; 
splendid. 

ma-jes'-ti-e,  a.  Of  august  dignity,  state- 
liness  or  imposing  grandeur ;  splendid. 

mar'-tyr,  n.  One  who  makes  a  great 
sacrifice  for  the  sake  of  principle. 

mer-i  to'-ri-ous,  a.     Worthy  of  honor. 

il6t'-a-ble,  a.  Worthy  of  notice ;  re- 
markable. 

par'-a-gon,  n.     A  model  of  excellence. 


LESSON    168. 

"IVords  Denoting  I»raise. 

He  was  the  soul  of  goodness, 
And  all  our  praises  of  him  are  like  streams 
Drawn  from  a  spring,  that  still  rise  full,  and  leave 
The  part  remaining,  ^r^dX&sX..  —  Shakespeare. 


sub-stan'-tlal,  a.     True;     solid. 

sn-perb%  a.     Grand;  elegant. 

sii-pe-ri-6r'-i-ty,  n.  More  excellent 
than  any  other. 

trail-s§eild'-eilt,  a.     Very  excellent. 

trnst'-wor-tli^  (-wfir-),  a-  Worthy  of 
confidence;  trusty. 

ven'-er-a-ble,  a.  Worthy  of  reverence. 

ve-ra'-cioiis,  a.     Truthful. 

vig'-i-lant,  a.    Watchful ;  circumspect. 

vir'-tu-oiis,  a.     Blameless;  good. 

won'-drous,  a.  Admirable;  astonish- 
ing, 

wor'-thy  (wur-),  a.     Possessing  merit. 


per-fec'-tion, «.  The  state  of  being 
perfect. 

praige,  n.     Approval  of  merit. 

pre'-cioiis  (presh'-us),  a.  Of  great 
value. 

pu'-ri-ty,  n.     Innocence;  cleanness. 

quiu-tes'-senge,  n.  Pure  or  concen- 
trated essence. 

ra'-di-ant,  a.  Beaming  with  brightness. 

re-mark'-a-ble,  a.  Uncommon;  no- 
ticeable. 

ster'-ling,  a.  Genuine ;  of  excellent 
quality. 

sub-lim'-i-ty,  n.  The  state  of  being 
sublime;  eminence. 


LESSON    169. 

UICXAXIOBJ  HXKRCISH. 

True  to  the  promise  of  thy  far-off  youth, 

When  all  who  loved  thee,  for  thee  prophesied 
A  grand,  full  life,  devoted  to  the  truth, 

A  noble  cause  by  suffering  sanctified. 
True  to  all  beauties  of  the  poet  thought 

Which  made  thy  youth  so  eloquent  and  sweet; 
True  to  all  duties  which  thy  manhood  brought 

To  take  the  room  of  fancies  light  and  fleet ; 
True  to  the  steadfast  walk  and  narrow  way, 

Which  thy  forefathers  of  the  covenant  trod ! 
True  to  thy  friend  in  foul  or  sunny  day. 

True  to  thy  home,  thy  country  and  thy  God!  —  All  the   Year  Round, 


90 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


ro?>d,  n. 

The  fourth  of  an  acre. 

Hide,  a. 

Uncivil. 

sail,  V.  i 

To  move  on  the  water 

by 

means 

of  sails. 

sale,  n. 

The  transfer  of  property 

for 

money 

seam,  n. 

Two  edges  joined. 

seem,  v. 

/.     To  appear. 

sea,  ^.     A  large  body  of  water, 
see,  V.  t.     To  perceive. 


serf,  n. 
surf,  n. 

breaks 


LESSON    170. 

HOMOPHOKOUS  liVORDS. 

Better  trust  all  and  be  deceived, 

And  weep  that  trust  and  that  deceiving, 
Than  doubt  one  heart  that,  if  believed, 

Had  blessed  one's  life  w^ith  true  \>^\\^\'\n%.— Frances  A.  Kemble. 

serge,  n.     A  coarse  cloth. 
surge,  V.  i.     To  rise  high  and  roll,  as 
waves. 

sew  (so),  V.  t.  To  fasten  together  with 

needle  and  thread, 
sow,  V.  t.     To  scatter. 

sighg,  n.     Heavy  breathing. 
size,  n.     Bulk;  magnitude. 

skull,  n.      The  part  of  the  head  which 

encloses  the  brain. 
s-enll,  n.     A  small,  narrow  boat. 

sole,  n.     The  bottom  of  the  foot;    (a.) 

only. 
soul,  n.     The  spiritual  part  of  man. 


A  slave. 

The  swell  of  the   sea  which 

upon  the  shore. 


LESSON    171. 
pbrxaib(i:ng  to  rki^igio^. 

Religion  is  the  best  arnioi  in  the  world,  but  the  worst  cloak. 


Bunyan. 


ben-e-di-c'-tion,  n.  The  short  prayer 
which  closes  public  worship. 

blas-pheme',  v.  t.  To  speak  with  ir- 
reverence of  God. 

■ea-the'-dral,  n.  The  head  church  in 
a  diocese. 

■Catli'-o-li€,  n.  An  adherent  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  church. 

«hrls'-ten  (kris'-n),  v,  t.  To  give  a 
name  and  baptize. 

€lirls'-tiau  (krist'-yan),  n.  One  who 
professes  to  believe,  or  is  assumed  to 
believe,  in  the  religion  of  Christ, 

«6m-mii'-iii-«ant,  «.  A  church  mem- 
ber. 

«d!i-gre-ga'-tion,  «.  An  assembly  of 
people  for  the  worship  of  God. 

«5n'-se-crate,  v.  /.  To  appropriate  to 
sax:red  use. 


■cre-a'-tion,  n.     The  act  of  bringing 

into  existence. 
■Cre-a'-tor,  n.     The  supreme  being. 
«rii-<ji-fix'-ion  (fix'-sliiin),  «.      The 

Savior's  death  upon  the  cross. 
de-c'-a-ldgue,  n.      The  ten  command- 
ments. 
dSd'-i-€ate,   v.  t.      To  set  apart  and 

consecrate. 
dSs'-e-erate,  v.  t.     To  divert  from  a 

sacred  purpose. 
d5v-o-tee',  «.      One  wholly  given  to 

religion. 
di'-o-^ese,  «•      The   district  under  a 

bishop's  care. 
d!s-<ji'-ple,  n.    A  follower. 
ddx-dl'-o-^y,  n.    A  hymn  of  praise. 
ethe'-re-al,  a.    Celestial 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


91 


LESSON    172. 

Pertalningr  to  ICellglon. 

Never  trust  anybody  not  of  sound  religion,  for  he  that  is  false  to  God  can  never  be  true  to 
man. —  Lord  Burleigh. 


e-yan'-gel-ist,  «.  One  authorized  to 
preach,  but  who  has  no  special  charge. 

6en'-e-sis*,  n.  The  first  book  in  the 
Bible;  formation. 

hf-p6c'-ri-sy,  n.  A  feigning  to  be 
what  one  is  not ;   pretfense. 

im'-pi-ous,  a.  Not  pious ;  wanting  in- 
veneration  for  God  and  His  authority. 

in'-fl-del,  «■  One  who  does  not  believe 
in  Christ 

miu'-is-ter,  n.  The  pastor  of  a  church. 

mis'-siou-a-ry  (mish'-uii-),  n.  One  who 
is  sent  to  spread  religion. 

m6n'-as-ter-y,  n.  A  house  of  religious 
retirement  for  monks. 

or'-tho-dox,  a.  Sound  in  the  Christian 
faith. 

prayer  (prar),  n.  An  earnest  suppli- 
cation to  God. 


Pre§-by-te'-ri-aii«  «.  One  who  belongs 
to  a  church  governed  by  pres- 
byters. 

priest,  n.  One  who  performs  the  rites 
of  sacrifice. 

Prot'-es-tant,  n.  A  Christian  who 
protests  against  the  doctrines  of  the 
Church  of  Rome. 

proY-i-den'-tial,  a.  Proceeding  from 
divine  providence. 

psalm'-ist  (sam-),  n.  A  writer  of 
sacred  songs. 

re-Ii'-gious,  a.     Pious;   godly. 

re-peiit'-an^e,  n.  Sorrow  for  what 
one  has  done  or  omitted  to  do. 

rey'-er-en^e,  n.  Veneration;  a  title 
applied  to  priests  and  ministers. 

S-crip'-ture,  n.     The  Bible. 

s6r-emn,  a.     Serious;  sacred. 


LESSON  173. 

The  Lord  is  my  shepherd ;  I  shall  not  want.  He  maketh  me  to  lie  down  in 
green  pastures ;  he  leadeth  me  beside  the  still  waters. 

He  restoreth  my  soul ;  he  leadeth  me  in  the  paths  of  righteousness  for  his 
name's  sake. 

Yea,  though  I  walk  through  the  valley  of  the  shadow  of  death,  I  will  fear  no 
evil ;  for  thou  art  with  me ;  thy  rod  and  thy  staff  they  comfort  me. 

Thou  preparest  a  table  before  me  in  the  presence  of  mine  enemies ;  thou 
anointest  my  head  with  oil ;  my  cup  runneth  over. 

Surely  goodness  and  mercy  shall  follow  me  all  the  days  of  my  life ;  and  I 
will  dwell  in  the  house  of  the  Lord  forever. —  Twenty  third  Psalm. 


92 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


LESSON    174. 

OHB{OXIBJG  MYSXHRY. 

As  defect  of  strength  in  us  makes  some  weights  to  be  unmovable,  so  likewise  defect  of  under- 
standing makes  some  truths  to  be  mysterious.—  Bts/iofi  Sherlock. 


ap-pa-rV-tioii,  «.  A  ghost;  a  preter- 
natural appearance. 

en-chant'-er,  n.  One  who  deals  in 
spells  or  sorcery. 

ex-traor'-di-na-ry,  a.  Uncommon ; 
wonderful. 

ghost,  «.     An  apparition ;  the  spirit. 

gdb'-lin,  «.     An  evil  spirit. 

in-ex'-pli-€a-ble,  a.  Cannot  be  ac- 
counted for. 

le^-er-de-maiii',  n.     Sleight  of  hand. 

ma-gi'-cian,  n.     One  skilled  in  magic. 

mar'-vel-ous,  a.  Wonderful;  aston- 
ishing. 

mir'-a-cle,  «.  A  wonder,  or  wonder- 
ful thing. 


Performed  super- 
Impossible  to  un- 


mi-ra€'-u-loiis,  a. 

naturally. 

mys-te'-ri-ous,  a. 
derstand. 

m|s'-ti€-al,  a.  Governed  by  mysteri- 
ous laws. 

m^s'-ti-f  y,  ^.  /.  To  involve  a  mystery 
so  as  to  mislead. 

6m'-i-noiis,  a.     Containing  an  omen. 

phe-n6m'-e-ndn,  n.  An  appearance 
whose  cause  is  not  immediately  ob- 
vious, 

prdph'-e-^j?,  n.     A  prediction. 

pr5ph'-e-sy,  7/.  /.     To  predict. 

sii-per-iiat'-u-ral,  a.      Miraculous. 

su-per-sti'-tioii,  n.  Fear  of  that  which 
is  unknown  or  mysterious. 


LESSON    175. 

9IISCHl.I.A]!>«HOUS. 

Show  me  the  man  you  honor  ;  I  know  by  that  symptom  better  than  by  any  other  what  kind 
of  a  man  you  are  yourself  ;  for  you  show  me  what  your  ideal  of  manhood  is,  what  "kind  of  a  man 
you  long  to  be. —  Carlyle. 

squirm,  ?/'.  t.      To  move  with  writhing 

or  contortions. 
sta-bil'-i-ty,  n.     Firmness;  steadiness. 
stag'-ger,  v.  t.    To  cause  to  doubt  and 

waver;  to. shock. 
stain'-Iess,  a.     Free  from  reproach  or 

guilt ;  free  from  any  stain. 
stani-pede',  n.       A    sudden   flight  in 

consequence  of  a  panic. 
stauch,  V.  t.      To  stop  the  flowing  of; 

to  extinguish. 
star'-tle,  v.  i.     To  excite  by  sudden 

surprise ;  to  frighten ;  to  surprise ;  to 

alarm. 
stead'-i-iiess,  n.      Steadfastness;  con- 
stancy. 
st€alth'-y,  ti.     Secret;  done  by  stealth. 
strength,  n.     Force ;  power. 


s5p-0-rif' -i€,  a.     Causing  sleep. 

spe'-cial,  a.     Different  from  others. 

spe^'-i-fy,  V.  t.  To  name  as  a  particu- 
lar thing. 

sp§§'-i-meii,  n.     A  sample. 

spig'-ot,  n.  A  pin  or  peg  used  to  stop 
a  faucet. 

spliii'-ter,  n.  A  thin  piece  of  wood,  or 
other  solid  substance,  rent  from  the 
main  body. 

sp6nge,  «.  A  porous  substance  capable 
of  imbibing  a  great  quantity  of  water, 
found  in  Southern  waters. 

spon-ta'-iie-oiis,  a.  Voluntary ;  will- 
ing; proceeding  from  internal  energy. 

spO'-ri-ofis,  a.     Not  genuine. 

squeal,  i'.  ^  1*o  cry  with  a  sharj), 
shrill,  prolonged  sound. 


SPELLING    AND    DEFINING. 


98 


LESSON    176. 


I»KIl.TAII»JII«G  XO  OEAXH. 


When   Death,  the  great  reconciler,  comes,  it  is  not  of  our  kindness  we    repent,   but  our 
severity.— Cifo^^-?  Eliot. 


bnr'-i-al  (ber'-ri-al),  n.  Funeral  so- 
lemnity. 

^em'-e-ter-y,  n.     Burial  place. 

€6f '-f  in,  n.  The  case  in  which  a  dead 
body  is  buried. 

■eorpse,  n.  The  dead  body  of  a  human 
being. 

€or-rupt'-i-ble,  n.  That  which  may 
decay  or  perish ;  the  human  body. 

•ere-ma'-tion,  n.  The  burning  of  the 
dead. 

dirge,  n.     A  funeral  hymn. 

ep'-i-tapli  (-taf ),  n.  Inscription  on  a 
monument. 

f  n'-ner-al,  n.  The  ceremony  of  bury- 
ing a  dead  human  body. 

im-mor'-tal,  a.  Not  mortal;  lasting 
■  forever. 

me-mo'-ri-al,  n.  Anything  intended 
to  preserve  the  memory  of  a  person. 


morgue  (mjorg),  n.  A  place  where  the 
bodies  of  persons  found  dead  are  ex- 
posed that  they  may  be  claimed  by 
their  friends. 

mdr-tal'-l-ty,  n.     Subjection  to  death. 

o-bit'-u-a-ry,  n.  Notice  of  the  death 
of  a  person. 

6b'-se-quie§,  n.  pi.  Funeral  solemni- 
ties. 

per-di'-tion,  n.  Future  misery  or  eter- 
nal death. 

pur'-ga-to-ry,  n.  A  place  where,  it  is 
said,  after  death,  one  may  expiate 
such  offenses  committed  in  this  life 
as  do  not  merit  eternal  damnation. 

ser'-aph,  n.  An  angel  of  the  highest 
order. 

spir'-it-u-al,  a.  Not  material ;  consist- 
ing of  spirit. 

un-der-tak'-er,  n.  One  who  takes 
charge  of  funerals. 


LESSON    177. 


DICTAXIOI»i  KXHRCISH. 


So  live,  that  when  thy  summons  comes  to  join 
The  innumerable  caravan,  that  moves 
To  that  mysterious  realm,  where  each  shall  take 
His  chamber  in  the  silent  halls  of  death, 
Thou  go  not,  like  the  quarry-slave  at  night, 
Scourged  to  his  dungeon,  but,  sustained  and  soothed 
By  an  unfaltering  trust,  approach  thy  grave, 
Like  one  who  wraps  the  drapery  of  his  couch 
About  him,  and  lies  down  to  pleasant  dreams. 

—  Wm.  Cullen  BryanU 


94 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


LESSON    178. 


SORROl^. 


Hearts,  like  apples,  are  hard  and  sour, 
Till  crushed  by  Pain's  resistless  power ; 
And  yield  their  juices  rich  and  bland 
To  none  but  Sorrow's  heavy  hand.—  Holland. 


af-fli-c'-tion,  n.  A  state  of  pain,  dis- 
tress, or  grief. 

an'-gnish,  «.     Extreme  pain. 

dep'-re-eate,  v.  t.      To  regret  deeply. 

des'-o-late,  a.    Afflicted ;  left  alone. 

des'-per-ate,  a.     Beyond  hope. 

de-sp6nd'-ent,  a.     Marked  by  despair. 

des'-ti-tute,  a.  Without  friends  or 
comforts. 

dis-ap-point'-ment,  n.  Defeat  of  hopes 
or  expectations. 

di§-as'-trous,  a.     Unfortunate. 

dis-eou'-so-late,  a.  Without  com- 
fort. 


Sorrowful ;    full     of 


Cause  of  complaint  or 
Abasement    of 


ddl'-or-ous,    c 

grief. 
griev'-ange,  n 

grief. 
hu-mil-i-a'-tion,    n 

pride;   mortification. 
in-fe-lig'-i-ty,  n.    Misery ;  unhappiness. 
mer-an-€hdl-y,   n.      Gloomy  state  of 

mind. 

mis'-er-a-ble,  n.     Very  unhappy. 

m6r-ti-fl-«a'-tion,  n.     Humiliation  or 
chagrin. 

monru'-f^l,  a.     Full  of  sorrow. 

6b-s€u'-ri-ty,  n.     Darkness ;  gloom. 

pit'-e-oiis,  a.     Mournful ;  miserable. 


LESSON    179. 

COMM^KXIO^. 

lyet  me  not  leave  my  space  of  ground  untilled  ; 
Call  me  not  hence  with  mission  unfulfilled. 
lyCt  me  not  die  before  I've  done  for  Thee 
My  earthly  work,  whatever  that  may  be." 


a-b51'-ish,  v.  t.     To  put  an  end  to. 

a€-€dm'-plish,  v.  t.     To  complete. 

a-cliieve',  v.  t.     To  accomplish. 

«6m-ple'-tion,  n.    Act  of  finishing. 

«6ii-€lu'-sive,  a.     Decisive. 

«5ii'-sum-mate  or  €5ii-sfim'-mate,  v.  t. 
To  bring  to  completion. 

€ur-mi-nate,  v.  i.  To  reach  the  high- 
est point. 

de-m51'-ish,  v.  t.     To  destroy. 

e-ven'-tu-al,  a.     Final;  terminating. 

Sx-haust',  V.  t.     To  consume  entirely. 

ex-pi-ra'-tion,  n.     Termination. 

ex-ter'-ml-uate,  v.  t.  To  destroy  ut- 
terly. 


ex-tin-ct',  a.     Ended;    having  ceased. 
ex'-tir-pate  or  ex-tir'-pate,  v.  t.    To 

root  out. 
fi-iia'-l§  (fe-uft'-la),  n.     The  last  note 

or  end  of  a  piece   of  music;   close; 

termination. 
fru-i'-tioii,  n. 

possession. 
fvl-f  ill',  V.  t. 
qui-e'-tiis,   n. 

a  final  discharge. 
ter-mt-iia'-tion,  n.     Conclusion. 
fil'-ti-mate,  a.       Final;   the   last 

suit. 


Pleasure  derived  from 

To  bring  to  pass. 
That  which    silences; 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


95 


LESSON    180. 

HOMOI»HOISOVTS  liVORDS. 

He  liveth  long  who  liveth  well  ! 

All  else  is  life  but  flung  away  ; 
He  liveth  longest  who  can  tell 

Of  true  things  only  done  each  day.—  H.  Bonar. 


shoe,,  n.     A  covering  for  the  foot. 
shoo,  V.  t.     To  drive  away. 

shoue  or  shdue,  v.  i.     Did  shine. 
shown,  V.  t.     Having  caused  to  see. 

shoot,  V.  t.  To  cause  to  be  driven  by- 
force. 

cbyte,  n.  A  frame- work  for  sliding 
articles  from  a  higher  to  a  lower  level. 

sleight,  n.     Trick ;  artifice. 

slight,   a.     Slender;     {v.  t.)    neglect. 

some,  n.     A  portion  of. 

sum,  n.     A  problem  to  be  solved. 


sou,  n.     A  male  child. 

sun,  n.     The  source  of  light. 

sore,  a.     Painful ;  bruised. 
soar,  V.  i.     To  fly  aloft. 

stare,  v.  i.     To  look  with  fixed  eyes. 
stair,  n.      A  series  of  steps  for  ascent 
or  descent. 

steel,  n.     Refined  iron. 
steal,  V.  t.     To  take  without  right  or 
leave. 


su«k'-er,  n. 
su€'-€or,  n. 


A  kind  of  fish. 
Help;  assistance. 


LESSON    181. 

IVOROS  DEI^OXII^G  JOY. 

I  sing  as  sings  the  bird  on  yonder  branches  swinging  ; 

It  is  not  that  the  song  be  heard,  but  for  the  joy  of  singing. 

And  yet  if  there  chance  by,  or  hap  to  linger  nigh, 

One  who  listens  to  my  lay  and  goes  bravely  forth  to  meet  the  day, 

With  a  heart  less  troubled,  the  joy  of  song  is  doubled.—  Century. 


a-C-elaim',  n.  A  joyous  shout  of  ap- 
plause. 

huoy'-ant,  a.     Cheerful;  vivacious. 

e-e'-sta-sy,  n.     Enthusiastic  delight. 

en-thti'-§i-a§m,  n.     Ecstasy. 

fe-li^'-i-ty,  n.     State  of  being  happy. 

grat'-i-fy,   v.  t.      To  give  pleasure  to. 

gratM-tnde,  n.     Thankfulness. 

liaF-^y-on,  a.     Peaceful;  undisturbed. 

hi-lar'-i-ty,  n.     Mirth ;  gayety. 

jo-c'-und,  a.     Merry ;  lively. 

joy'-oiis,  a.     Glad ;  gay. 

jn'-bi-lant,  a.  Rejoicing;  shouting 
for  joy. 


laugh'-ter  (laf-ter),  n.  Convulsive 
expression  of  mirth. 

pea^e'-a-ble,  a.     Tranquil ;  quiet. 

pleag'-ure,  n.  Agreeable  sensations 
of  emotion. 

rap'-ture,  n.     Extreme  joy  or  pleasure. 

re-joi'-^ing,  n.  Occasion  of  joy  or 
gladness. 

sat-is-fa-e'-tion,  n.  Gratification  of 
desire. 

tri-um'-phant,  a.  Rejoicing  for  vic- 
tory. 

Yi€-to'-ri-ous,  a.  Winning;  triun^ph- 
ant. 


96 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


LESSON    182. 

PKRXAI^il^G  XO  HU9IOR. 

"  lyive  for  today  !  Tomorrow's  light 
Will  bring  tomorrow's  cares  to  sight ; 
Go,  sleep  like  the  flowers  at  night 
And  Heaven  will  bless  thy  morn  ! " 


ab-sftrd',  a.     Ridiculous ;  irrational. 
■€ar'-i-ca-ture,  v.  t.      To  ridiculously 

exaggerate. 
€(fm'-i«-al,  a.      Exciting  mirth;  droll. 
de-ride',  v.  t.     To  turn  to  ridicule. 
droll,  a.     Ludicrous  from  oddity. 
fa-^e'-tious  (shus),  a.     Given  to  wit 

and  good  humor. 
fr6r-i-e-s6me,  a.      Full  of  gayety  and 

mirth. 
gay'-e-ty,  n.      Merry  delight ;  state  of 

being  gay. 
gri-ma^e',  n.    A  made  up  face. 
gro-tesque'  (-tesk),  a.     Ludicrous. 
hir-mor-ous  (or  yu'-mur-),  a.  Exciting 

laughter. 


j5€'-u-lar,  a.     Given  to  jesting. 

laugh'-a-ble,  a.  Fitted  to  excite 
laughter. 

I^Y'-i-ty,  n.  Lightness  of  temper  or 
conduct. 

lu'-di-€rous,  a.      Laughable;  comical. 

mirtiZ-f^l,  a.  Full  of  mirth  or  merri- 
ment. 

play'-ful-ness,  «.  The  state  of  being 
playful. 

ri-di€'-u-loilS5  a.     Laughable. 

sport'-ive,  a.  Gay ;  frolicsome ;  play- 
ful. 

wa^-gish,  a.  Roguish  in  sport  or 
good  humor. 


LESSON    183. 

PHRXAI^I^G  XO  XHK  XHHAXRE:. 

"  This  life  a  theatre  we  well  may  call, 

Where  every  actor  must  perform  with  art  ; 
Or  laugh  it  through,  and  make  a  farce  of  all, 

Or  learn  to  bear  with  grace  his  tragic  part."— /><?»!  ihe  Greek. 


a-C-tor,  n.    One  who  acts  or  performs. 

am-a-teur',  n.     Not  a  professional. 

a-mii§e'-ment,  n.  Entertainment;  rec- 
reation. 

ftu'-di-eii^e,  n.  An  assembly  of  hearers. 

bttr-lSsqne',  n.  A  ludicrous  represen- 
tation. 

5ir'-€us,  n.  An  enclosed  place  for 
games,  or  feats  of  horsemanship. 

■co-me'-di-an,  «.  An  actor  or  player 
in  comedy. 

«8m'-e-dy,  n.  A  dramatic  composition 
of  a  light  and  amusing  character. 


dra'-ma  or  dra'-ma,  n.  A  composition 
designed  to  be  represented  on  the 
stage  by  several  characters. 

en-^ore'  (6ng-kor')j  «^^-     Once  more. 

farcje,  n.    A  low  style  of  comedy. 

min'-strel-sy,  n.  A  collective  body  oi 
minstrels ;  occupation  of  minstrels. 

.mn-se'-nm,  n.  A  repository  for  curiosi- 


ties. 


pan'-to-mlme, 


A  theatrical  enter- 


tainment given  in  dumb  show. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


97 


par-quet'  (-ka  or  -kgt),  n.  The  body 
of  seats  on  the  floor  of  a  theatre  near- 
est the  orchestra. 

per-form'-aii§e,  n.     An  exhibition. 

ta-bleau'  (-bio),  n.  A  representation 
of  some  scene  by  persons  grouped  in 
the  proper  manner. 


the'-a-ter,  \n.  A  house  for  the  exhibi- 

the'-a-tre,  j  tion  of  dramatic  per- 
formances. 

tra-ge'-di-aii,  n.    A  tragic  actor. 

trag'-e-dy,  n.  A  dramatic  poem  per- 
formed by  illustrious  persons,  and 
generally  having  a  fatal  issue. 


LESSON    184. 

PHRTAIKIB^G  TO  KESXIVIXY. 

Pleasures  are  like  poppies  spread, 

You  seize  the  flower,  its  bloom  is  shed  ; 

Or  like  the  snow  flakes  on  the  river, 

A  moment  white,  then  gone  forever. —  Burns. 


au-ni-ver'-sa-ry,  «.  A  day  on  which 
an  event  is  celebrated  annually. 

ban'-qwet  (bank'-wet),  n.  A  rich  en- 
tertainment ;  a  feast. 

bar'-be-cue,  n.  A  large  animal  roasted 
whole. 

birth'-day,  n.  The  anniversary  of  one's 
birth. 

■ear'-ni-val,  n.  A  festival  of  merriment 
and  revelry. 

^el-ebra'-tion,  n.  Honor  bestowed 
by  public  ceremonies. 

^en-ten'-iii-al,  «.  The  hundredth  an- 
niversary. 

^er'-e-mo-ny,  n.     Outward  rite. 

€hrist'-mas,  n.  The  festival  of  the 
Christian  church,  observed  annually 
on  December  25th,  in  memory  of  the 
birth  of  Christ. 


■eor-o-na'-tion,  n.  The  act  of  crowning 
a  sovereign. 

feS'tiy'-i-ty,  n.    Gayety;  joyfulness. 

liol'-i-day,  n.  A  day  set  apart  in  com- 
memoration of  some  event. 

il-Iu-mi-na'-tion,  n.  Festive  decora- 
tions of  houses  or  buildings  with 
lights. 

jol-li-fi-ca'-tion,  n.  Noisy  festivity 
and  merriment. 

ju'-bi-lee,  «.     A  season  of  great  joy. 

6s-ten-ta'-tion,  n.  Pretentious  parade ; 
unnecessary  display  or  show. 

pag'-eant-ry,  n.  Pompous  "exhibition 
or  display. 

pro-Qes'-sioii,  n. 
ous  progress. 

re«-re-a'-tion,     n. 
amusement. 

rev'-el-rf ,  n.     Noisy  festivity. 


Regular,  ceremoni- 
Entertainment 


LESSON    185. 

OICXAXION  KXHRCISK. 

Ring,  joyous  chords !  ring  out  again ! 

A  swifter  still,  and  a  wilder  strain ! 

They  are  here,  the  fair  face  and  the  careless  heart. 

And  stars  shall  wane  ere  the  mirthful  part. 


BUSINESS    SERIES. 


But  I  meet  a  dimly  mournful  glance, 

In  a  sudden  turn  of  the  flying  dance ; 

I  heard  the  tone  of  a  heavy  sigh 

In  a  pause  of  the  thrilling  melody ! 

And  it  is  not  well  that  woe  should  breathe 

On  the  bright  spring  flowers  of  the  festal  wreath ! 

Ye  that  to  thought  or  to  g^ief  belong, 

Leave,  leave  the  hall  of  song! — Mrs.  Hemans. 

LESSON    186. 

"  Get  into  the  habit  of  looking  for  the  silver  lining  of  the  clouds,  rather  than  at  the  leaden 
gray  in  the  middle.    It  will  help  you  over  many  hard  places." 


sub-S€rip'-tion,  n.  To  give  consent  by 
writing  the  name. 

sub-sist'-enge,  n.      Means  of  support. 

suf '-fo-€!ate,  V.  t.  To  stifle ;  to  smother. 

suit'-a-ble,  a.     Proper;  becoming. 

sijre  (shflr),  a.  Without  doubt;  cer- 
tain. 

sur-vey',  v.  i.     To  examine. 

sym'-bol,  n.  A  significant  character  or 
letter. 

sj^m-met'-ri-e-al,  a.  Having  parts  in 
due  proportion. 

sj^S-tem-at'-i€,  a.  According  to  regu- 
lar method. 


te-na'-ciofis,  a.     Holding  fast. 

tend'-en-gy,  n.  Drift;  direction  to- 
wards an  object. 

ten'-sion,  n.  The  act  of  stretching  or 
straining. 

tep'-id,  a.     Moderately  warm. 

ter-res'-tri-al,  a.    Earthly. 

ter'-ri-ble,  a.     Dreadful. 

ter-rif -i-c,  a.     Causing  terror. 

thirst'-y,  a.     Suffering  from  thirst. 

th6r'-ough,  a.     Complete;  perfect. 

tough  (tuf),  «.  Strong;  able  to  endure 
hardship. 

treach'-er-oiis,  a.     Faithless;  false. 


LESSON    187. 

PHRXAIBil^G  XO  PI^OIIVBRS. 

lyife  evermore  is  fed  by  death, 
In  earth,  and  sea,  and  sky  ; 

And  that  a  rose  may  breathe  its  breath, 
Something  must  die. —  Holland. 


a-lj^s'-sum,  n.  A  .plant  belonging  to 
the  mustard  family,  bearing  small, 
white,  sweet-scented  flowers. 

a-nSm'-o-ne,  n.  Called  wind  flower, 
as  its  leaves  are  so  easily  stripped  off 
by  the  wind. 

ar'-bu-tus,  n.  A  pale  pink  flower, 
found  early  in  spring. 

a-za'-le-a,  n.    A  flowering  plant. 

bj^n-qufif  (b<n>-ka'),  n.    A  nosegay. 


■ca'-lyx,  n.     The  leaf-like  envelope  of  a 

flower. 
■car-na'-tion, «.  A  species  of  clove  pink. 
■ehrys-aii'-the-iiirmi,    u.      A    kind    of 

flower,  of  many  species. 
€l§m'-a-tis,  n.    A  climbing  plant,  with 

flower. 
^y'-press,  n.     A  flowering  vine. 
daf'-fo-dil,  n.      A  plant  with  a  yellow 

flower. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


99 


dah'-lia  (dal'-ya  or  6M'-jh),n.  A  large 

and  beautiful  flower. 
dan'-  de-li-ou,  n.    A  planr  with  a  yellow 

flower     and  leaves  the  shape  of  a 

lion's  tooth. 
eg'-lan-tiue  (or  -tin),  «.      The  sweet 

briar ;  a  species  of  rose. 
fleur-de-lis',  «.      A  flower  of  the  lily 

family. 


flo'-rist,  n.  One  who  cultivates  flowers. 

fra'-g'rant,  a.     Sweet  of  smell. 

f  u^h'-si-a,  n.    A  flowering  plant,  native 

of  Mexico  and  South  America. 
ge-ra'-ni-um,  «.      A  plant  and  flower. 
he'-li-o-trope,    n.       A   very  fragrant 

flower. 


LESSON    188. 

Pertalnlns:  to  Klo-wers. 

Leaves  have  their  time  to  fall. 

And  flowers  to  wither  at  the  north  wind's  breath. 


-Felicia  D.  Hemans. 


liy'-a-§intli,  n.  A  bulbous  plant  bearing 

beautiful  spikes  of  fragrant  flowers. 
liy-dran'-ge-a,   n.      A   plant    bearing 

large  heads  of  showy  flowers  of  a 

rose  color  naturally. 
ja-pdn'-i-ea,  n.      A  species  of  camellia 

bearing  beautiful  red  or  white  flowers. 
jas'-mine,  n.      A    shrub    or    climbing 

plant  bearing  flowers  of  a  peculiarly 

fragrant  odor. 
lil'-^,   n.      A  beautiful  and  fragrant 

flower. 
mar'-i-gold,  n.      A  plant  bearing  yel- 
low flowers. 
mi-gnon-eUe'   (min-yun-ef),   n.      An 

annual    flowering    plant    having    a 

delicate  odor. 
niir-^is'-sns,    n.      A    flowering    plant 

with  bulbous  root. 
nas-tiir'-tium,   n.      A  climbing  plant 

with  ysUow  flowers. 


o'-dor-ous,  a.  Having  a  sweet  odor. 

or'-eliid  (or'-kid),  n.  A  species  of  or- 
chis. 

pe'-o-ny,  n.  A  large,  beautiful,  showy 
flower. 

per'-ffime,  n.     Fragrance. 

pet'-al,  n.  One  of  the  colored  leaves 
of  a  flower. 

phlox  (floks),  n.  An  American  flower- 
ing plant,  having  red,  white  or  pur- 
ple flowers 

rlio-do-den'-dron,  n.  A  plant  with 
handsome  evergreen  leaves  and  beau- 
tiful rose-colored  or  purple  flowers. 

sy-rin'-ga,  n.  A  kind  of  shrub  with 
sweet-scented  white  flowers. 

tllis'-tle  (tliis'-sl),  n.  A  .prickly  plant 
with  pink  or  lavender  flowers. 

va'-ri-e-g'ate,  v.  /.  To  mark  with  dif- 
ferent colors. 

ver-be'-na,  n.    A  beautiful  flower. 


LESSON    189. 

DICXAXION  HXERCISK. 

I  cannot  despise  the  cold  man  of  science,  who  walks  with  his  eyes 

All  alert  through  a  garden  of  flowers,  and  strips 

The  lilies'  gold  tongues,  and  the  roses'  red  lips, 

With  a  ruthless  dissection;  since  he,  I  suppose 

Has  some  purpose  beyond  the  mere  mischief  he  does. 


100 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


But  the  stupid  and  mischievous  boy,  that  uproots 

The  exotics,  and  tramples  the  tender  young  shoots 

For  a  boy's  brutal  pastime,  and  only  because 

He  knows  no  distinction  between  heartsease  and  haws, — 

One  would  wish,  for  the  sake  of  each  blossom  so  nipped. 

To  catch  the  young  rascal  and  have  him  well  whipped, — Owen  Meredith. 


LESSON    190. 

COI^OR. 

When  death's  shadows  my  bosom  uncloud , 

When  I  shrink  from  the  thought  of  the  coffin  and  shroud, 

May  hope,  like  the  rainbow,  my  spirit  enfold 

In  her  beautiful  pinions  of  purple  and  gold." 


The  blue  color  of  the  sky. 
A  rich  red  or  crimson 


az'-ure,  n. 
■ear'-mine,  n. 

color. 

■c6r-or,  n.  Any  hue  or  tint  as  distin- 
guished from  white. 

-erim'-gon,  n.    A  deep  red  color. 

gray,  n.  Any  mixture  of  white  and 
black. 

laT'-eii-der,  n.    A  grayish  blue  color. 

ma-gen'-ta,  n.  A  red  or  crimson 
color,  derived  from  aniline. 

ma-r5?>ii',  «.  A  brownish  crimson,  or 
claret  color. 

manye  (moy),  n.  A  delicate  and  beau- 
tiful purple  or  lilac. 

maz-a-rlne'y  n.     A  deep  blue  color. 


\V 


Pale  yellow. 
A    dark    brownish  green 


6'-cher 
o'-ehre 

dl'-ive,  n. 

color. 

dr'-ange,  n.     Golden  yellow. 

pftr'-ple,  n.  A  color  composed  of  red 
and  blue,  much  esteemed  for  its  rich- 
ness and  beauty. 

si-en'-na,  n.     A  brownish  yellow  color. 

fim'-ber,  n.      A  blackish  brown  color. 

ver'-dure,  n.     Greenness. 

ver-mil'-ion  (-yun),  n.  A  beautiful 
red  color. 

Yi'-o-let,«.  A  dark  blue  inclining  to  red. 

ySF-low,  n.  A  bright,  golden  color, 
reflecting  the  most  light  of  any, 
except  white. 


LESSON    191. 

XRKKS. 

Mouldering  and  moss-grown,  through  the  lapse  of  years,  in  motionless  beauty  stands  the 
giant  oak,  whilst  those  that  saw  its  green  and  flourishing  youth  are  gone  and  are  forgotten.— 
Longfellow. 


ar'-bor  vl'-tae,  n.    An  evergreen  tree. 

asp'-en,  n  A  species  of  poplar, 
whose  leaves  tremble  with  the  slight- 
est impulse  of  the  wind. 

birch,  n.     A  tree  of  several  species. 

bfit'-ter-nttt,  n»  An  American  tree 
and  its  fruit. 

«a-tal'-pa,  n.  A  tree  having  large 
leaves  and  white  flowers. 


je'-dar,  n.     An  evergreen  tree. 
chfist'-niit  (chSs'-),  n.      A  tree,  with 

fruit  enalosed  in  a  prickly  bur. 
•eo'-coa  (ko'-ko),  n.   A  palm,  producing 

the  cocoanut. 
8b'-on-y,  n.     A  wood  from  Madagascar 

and  Ceylon,  which  admits  of  a  fine 

polish ;  the  usual  color  is  black. 


SPELLING  AND  DEFININQ. 


.101 


elm,  n.  A  tree  much  used  in  America 
for  shade. 

fo'-li-age,  n.  A  collector,  of  leaves 
arranged  by  nature. 

hi-ek^-o-ry,  n.     An  American  tree. 

mag-uo'-ll-a,  n.  A  tree  having  large, 
fragrant  flowers,  found  in  the  south- 
ern part  of  the  United  States, 

ma-hdg'-a-iiy,  n.  A  large  tree  found 
in  tropical  America. 

pal-met'-to,  n.  A  species  of  palm, 
growing  in  the  West  Indies  and 
southern  United  States. 


per-sim'-mon,  n.  An  American  tree, 
with  fruit  like  a  plum. 

sas'-sa-fras,  n.  A  tree  whose  bark  has 
an  aromatic  smell  and  taste. 

sy-c'-a-more,  n.  A  large  tree  found  in 
Egypt  and  Syria,  and  is  the  sycamore 
of  Scripture ;  in  America  the  button- 
wood  tree  is  called  by  this  name. 

wal'-nut,  n.  A  tree,  of  which  there 
are  several  species,  and  its  fruit. 

wil'-low,  n.  A  tree  with  slender,  pliant 
branches. 


LESSON    192. 

HOBIOPIIOT^OUS  'WORDS. 

'Tis  a  very  good  world  that  we  live  in, 

To  lend,  to  spend,  or  to  give  in  ; 

But  to  beg  or  to  borrow,  or  to  get  a  man's  own, 

'Tis  the  very  worst  world  that  ever  was  known. — Bulwer  Lytton. 


stake,  z/. /.    To  wager;   {n.)     A  post. 
steak,  n.    A  slice  of  meat. 

stile,  n.     Steps  over  a  fence. 
style,  n.     Fashion ;  manner. 

strait,  n.      A  narrow  passage  of  water 
between  two  larger  bodies  of  water. 
straight,  a.     Not  crooked. 

sweet,  a.    Agreeable. 
suite  (sweet),  n.    A  series;    a  collec- 
tion. 

ta€ks,  n.     Small  nails. 

tax,  n.    Tribute  to  the  government. 


tear,  n.  A  drop  of  water  from  the  eye. 
tier,  n.    A  row. 

tear,  v.  t.    To  rend. 
tare,    «.       A  weed;     deduction    from 
freight. 

team,  «.     Two  or  more  horses. 
toem,  V.  i.     To  be  full ;  to  abound. 

throne,  n.     A  chair  of  state. 
thrown,  v.  t.     Past  of  throw. 

toll,  n.     Tax  on  the  highway. 
tole,  V.  t.     To  cause  to  follow. 


LESSON    193. 

The  -viodves  of  conscience,  as  connected  with  repentance  and  the  feeling  of  duty,  are  the  most 
important  differences  which  separate  man  from  the  animal. — Darwin. 


al'-li-ga-tor,  n.  A  large  reptile  living 
in  water  or  on  land. 

■car'-^ass,  n.  The  dead  body  of  an 
animal. 

€ha-me'-le-on,  n.  A  lizard-like  reptile, 
whose  color  changes  more  or  less 
with  the  color  of  the  objects  about 
it. 


§ham'-ois  (sham'-m^) ,  n.  A  species  of 
antelope  living  on  the  highest  peaks 
in  Europe. 

■erS-e'-o-dile,  n.     A  large  reptile. 

drdm'-e-da-ry,  n.  A  camel,  with  one 
hump. 


102 


^USINESS  SERIES. 


Sl'-e-phant,  «.  One  of  the  largest 
quadrupeds  now  in  existence. 

fawn,  n.     A  young  deer . 

f  er'-ret,  n.  An  animal  oi:  the  weasel 
kind. 

gi-raflfe',  n.  An  African  quadruped 
with  short  hind  legs,  long  fore  legs 
and  long  neck. 

go-ril'-la,  n.    A  large  African  monkey. 

hip-po-p5t'-a-inus,  n.  A  large  quadru- 
ped, native  of  Africa. 

hy-e'-ua,   n.      A  wild  animal  with  a 


bristly    mane  like   a  hog; 
upon  carrion. 


it  feeds 


kan-ga-ro?>%  n.  An  Australian  quad- 
ruped. 

leop'-ard,  n.  A  yellow  or  fawn-colored 
animal  with  black  spots  along  the 
back  and  sides. 

men-ag'-e-rie  (-azh-),  n.  A  place  where 
animals  are  kept  and  trained. 

m6n'-key,  n.     A  species  of  ape. 

por'-eu-pine,  n.  An  animal  covered 
with  quills  having  sharp  prickles 

quad'-ru-ped,  a.     Having  four  feet. 

rhi-nd^'-e-ros,  n.  A  large  and  power- 
ful quadruped  nearly  allied  to  the 
elephant. 


LESSON    194. 

BIRDS. 

What  though  thy  seed  should  fall  by  the  wayside 
And  the  birds  snatch  it  —  yet  the  birds  are  fed 

Or  they  may  bear  it  far  across  the  tide, 

To  give  rich  harvest  after  thou  art  dead." 


bdb'-o-link,  n.      An  American  singing 

bird. 
€a-iia'-ry,   n.       A   species  of   singing 

bird. 
•c5€k-a-to?>%  n.     A  bird  of  the  parrot 

kind. 
€6r'-mo-rant,  n.     A  sea  raven. 
■€fl-ek'-^,  n.     A  bird  that  derives  its 

name  from  its  song. 
ea^-gle,  n.     A  rapacious  bird  of  the 

falcon  family,  very  large  and  strong. 
fla-min'-go,  n.     A  bird  having  long 

legs  and  neck. 
gold'-f  inch,  n.      A  beautiful   singing 

bird,  so  n^med  for  the  color  of  its 

wings. 
hum'-miug-bird,    n.      A   very   small 

bird,  remarkable  for  the  brilliancy  of 

its  plumage. 
ja-ek'-daw,  n.     A  bird  allied  to  the 

crows;    it  is  black,  with  a  blue  or 

metallic  reflection. 


night'-in-gale,  n.  A  small  bird  that 
sings  at  night. 

o'-ri-ole,  n,  A  singing  bird  having 
plumage  of  a  golden  yellow,  mixed 
with  black. 

6s'-trich,  «.  A  large  bird,  nearly  ten 
feet  high,  with  long  plumes  instead 
of  feathers ;  it  can  surpass  horses  in 
speed. 

par'-o-qu^t,  n.  A  small  bird  found  in 
tropical  coimtries. 

par'-rot,  n.  A  bird  having  brilliant 
plumage,  and  celebrated  for  its  pow- 
ers of  mimicry. 

pel'-i-€aii,  n.  A  web-footed  water  fowl, 
larger  than  a  swan,  and  remarkable 
for  its  enormous  bill,  to  the  lower 
edge  of  which  is  attached  a  pouch 
that  will  hold  many  quarts  of  water. 

p§n'-gain,  «.  A  web-footed  marine 
bird ;  it  is  unable  to  fly,  but  swims  and 
dives  well;  it  is  found  only  in  the 
south  temperate  and  frigid  regions. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


103 


rob'-in,  n.  An  American  singing  bird, 
having  a  breast  of  a  somewhat  dingy 
orange  red  color. 


S-ereech'-owI,  n.     An  owl  that  utters  a 

harsh  cry  at  night. 
wren,  n.    A  small  bird. 


LESSON    195. 


II^JSHCXS. 


Not  a  worm  is  cloven  in  vain, 
Not  a  moth  with  vain  desire, 
Is  shriveled  in  a  fruitless  fire, 
But  subserves  another's  gain.- 


Tennyson. 


bee'-tle,  n.  An  insect  having  four 
wings,  the  outer  pair  being  stiff  cases 
for  covering  the  others  when  folded. 

but'-ter-fly,  n.  An  insect  of  different 
species,  so  called  from  the  color  of  a 
yellow  species. 

€at'-er-pil-lar,  n.  The  worm  state  of 
a  moth  or  butterfly. 

§en'-ti-ped  (also  ^en'-ti-pede),  n.  A 
many-jointed,  wingless  insect  having 
many  feet. 

€hrys'-a-lis  (kris-),  n.  The  form  into 
which  the  butterfly  passes,  and  from 
which  the  perfect  insect  emerges. 

■co-ck'-roach,  n.  An  insect  with  a  long 
body  and  flat  wings ;  is  very  trouble- 
some, infecting  houses  and  ships. 

•co-coon',  n.  The  oblong  case  of  a  silk- 
worm, in  which  it  lies  in  its  chrys- 
alis state. 

-cri-ck'-et,  «".  An  insect  with  a  chirp- 
ing note. 

drag'-on-fly,  n.  An  insect  having  a 
large  head,  wings  and  eyes,  and  a 
long  body. 


glow'-worm,  n.  An  insect  emitting  a 
green  light. 

gnat  (nat),  n.  A  small,  troublesome 
insect  having  lancet-like  stings. 

grass'-hop-per,  n.      A  jumping  insect. 

hor'-net,  n.  A  large,  strong  wasp  of  a 
dark  brown  and  yellow  color, 

ka'-ty-did,  n.  An  insect  of  a  pale  green 
color, closely  allied  to  the  grasshopper. 

lo'-cust,  n.  A  jumping  insect  of  the 
species  of  the  grasshopper. 

mos-qui'-to,  n.  A  small  insect  having 
a  sharp-pointed  proboscis,  by  means 
of  which  it  punctures  the  skin  of  ani- 
mals, causing  a  considerable  degree 
of  pain. 

silk' -worm,  n.  The  caterpillar  which 
produces  silk. 

spi'-der,  n.  An  insect  remarkable  for 
spinning  webs  for  taking  its  prey, 
forming  its  habitation  and  holding 
its  food. 

ta-ran'-tu-la,  n.    A  species  of  spider. 

whirr-i-gig,  n.  An  insect  that  lives 
on  the  surface  of  the  water  and  moves 
about  with  great  celerity. 


LESSON    196. 

DICXAXIOPi  KXHRCISH. 

Rubbing  her  shoulder  with  rosy  palm. 

As  the  loathsome  touch  yet  seemed  to  thrill  her, 
My  little  girl  cried,  "  I  found  on  my  arm 

A  horrible,  crawling  caterpillar  1 " 


104 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


And  with  mischievous  smile  she  could  scarcely  smother. 

Yet  a  glance  in  its  daring,  half  awed  and  shy, 
She  added,  "  While  they  were  about  it,  mother, 

I  wish  they'd  just  finished  the  butterfly!" 

Ah,  look  thou  largely,  with  lenient  eyes. 

On  whatso  beside  thee  may  creep  or  cling. 
For  the  possible  glory  that  underlies 

The  passing  phase  of  the  meanest  thing ! 

What  if  God's  great  angels,  whose  waiting  love 

Beholdeth  our  pitiful  life  below 
From  the  holy  height  of  their  heaven  above, 

Couldn't  bear  with  the  worm  till  the  wings  should  grow. 

— Mrs.   Whitney. 

LESSON    197. 

HOMOPHOKOUS  ^WOROS. 

I  count  this  thing  to  be  grandly  true  : 

That  a  noble  deed  is  a  step  toward  God, 

lyifting  the  soul  from  the  common  sod 
To  a  purer  air  and  a  broader  view. — Holland. 


their,  pron.     Belonging  to  them. 
there,  adv.     In  that  place. 
thyme  (tim),  n.     A  fragrant  plant. 
time,  n.     Duration. 
tide,  «.     Rise  and  fall  of  the  sea. 
tied,  V,  t.    Fastened. 

t5?),  adv.     Excessively. 

tg,  prep.     Toward. 

twQ,  a.     Twice  one. 

tftn,  n.     A  liquid  measure. 

t6n,  n.     A  weight  of  2,000  pounds. 


A  valley. 

A  cover  for  the  face. 


Yale,  n. 
T§il,  n. 

Tain,  a.     Proud ;  fond  of  praise. 
Tfiiii,  n.     A  vessel  that  conveys    the 

blood  back  to  the  heart. 
yane,  n.    A  weathercock. 

Ti'-al,  n.     A  small  bottle. 
Ti'-ol,  n.     A  musical  instrument. 

vi^e,  n.    A  moral  fault. 
Tise,  n.     An  instrument   for  holding 
things,  closed  by  a  screw. 


bfilkM-ness,  n.     Greatness  in  size. 
•eo-l$8'-8al,  a.    Gigantic. 
«6r'-pu-leiit,  a.    An  excessive  quan 
tity  of  flesh. 


LESSON    198. 

It  is  not  growing  like  a  tree 

In  bulk,  doth  make  man  better  be  ; 

Nor  standing  long,  to  fall  at  last,  dry,  bald  and  sere ; 

In  small  proportions  we  most  beauty  see, 

And  in  short  measures  life  may  perfect  h^.—Ben  Jonson. 

■eftm'-brofis,  a.     Burdensome. 

e-nor'-moiis,  a.  Great  beyond  the 
common  measure. 

ex-tSu'-sive-ly,  a^z/.  To  a  great  ex- 
tent ;  widely. 


SPELLING   AND   DEFINING. 


105 


^i-gan'-ti-e,  a.     Very  large. 
lier-eu'-le-an,  a.  Having  great  strength 

or  size. 
hn^e'-ness,  n.       Enormous     bulk     or 

largeness. 
im-mSas'-ur-a-ble,  a.    That  cannot  be 

measured. 
im-men'-si-ty,  n.  Vast  in  extent  or  bulk. 
Ill-li-pu'-tian,  a.      Diminutive;     very 

small  size. 
mag'-ni-fy,  v.  t.     To  enlarge. 
mag'-ni-tude^  n.    Bulk;  size. 


mul'-ti-tude,  n.  A  crowd;  a  great 
number  of  persons. 

mus'-€u-lar,  a.  Having  well-developed 
muscles;  brawny. 

spa'-cious,  a.     Vast  in  extent. 

stu-pen'-doiis,  a.  Astonishing  magni- 
tude or  elevation. 

ti'-ny,  a.     Very  small. 

tre-men'-dous,  a.  That  which  aston- 
ishes by  its  magnitude,  force  or  vio- 
lence. 


LESSON    199. 
pre:cious  sxo:nhs. 

Full  many  a  gem  of  purest  ray  serene, 

The  dark,  unfathomed  caves  of  ocean  bear ; 

Full  many  a  flower  is  born  to  blush  unseen. 

And  waste  its  sweetness  on  the  desert  air. — Grey. 


am'-e-th^st,  n.  A  precious  stone  of  a 
bluish  violet  color. 

ber'-yl,  n.  A  bluish  green  rnineral  of 
great  hardness,  and  when  clear,  of 
great  beauty. 

•ear'-bun-ele,  n.  A  beautiful  gem  of 
a  deep  red  color. 

€ar-nel'-ian  (-yan),  n.  A  variety  of 
chalcedony,  of  a  deep  red,  flesh  red, 
or  reddish  white  color. 

«haI-^ed'-o-iiy   or   «hal'-§e-do-ny,    n. 

A  kind  of  quartz,  usually  of  a  whitish 
color,  and  a  luster  nearly  like  wax. 
€hrj^s'-o-lite,  «.     A  mineral,    varying 
in  color  from  pale  green  to  bottle 
green. 

€rys'-tal,  a.     Clear ;  transparent. 
di'-a-m6nd,  n.   A  gem,  remarkable  for 
its  hardness  and  brilliancy. 

em'-er-ald,  n.  A  precious  stone  of  a 
rich  green  color. 

gar'-net,  n.  A  mineral  of  a  deep  red 
color. 


jas'-per,  n.  An  impure  variety  of 
quartz,  of  a  dull  red  or  yellow  color. 

o'-nyx,  n.  Chalcedony,  consisting  of 
parallel  layers  of  different  shades  of 
colors,  and  used  for  making  cameos. 

o'-pal,  n.  A  precious  stone,  consisting 
of  silex  in  what  is  called  a  soluble 
state,  and  a  small  quantity  of  water. 

pearl,  n.  A  bluish  white,  smooth, 
lustrous  jewel. 

ru'-by,  n.  A  precious  stone  of  a  car- 
mine red  color. 

sap'-phire  (saf'-ir),  n.  Pure  crystal- 
lized alumina,  next  in  hardness  to  a 
diamond. 

sar'-di-us,  n.  A  precious  stone,  prob- 
ably a  carnelian. 

sar^'do-nyx,  n.  A  gem  of  reddish  yel- 
low, or  nearly  orange  color. 

to'-paz,  n.  A  gem,  generally  yellow 
and  pellucid. 

tiir-quoig'  (koiz'  or  -keez'),  n.  A  min- 
eral of  a  bluish  green  color,  brought 
from  Persia. 


106 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


LESSON    200. 

DICXAXIOKJ  KXHRCISH. 

Thus  it  is  over  all  the  earth !    That  which  we  call  the  fairest, 

And  prize  for  its  surpassing  worth,  is  always  rarest. 

Iron  is  heaped  in  mountain  piles  and  gluts  the  laggard  forges ; 

But  gold-flakes  gleam  in  dim  defiles  and  lonely  gorges. 

The  snowy  marble  flecks  the  land  with  heaped  and  rounded  ledges, 

But  diamonds  hide  within  the  sand  their  starry  edges. 

Were  every  hill  a  precious  mine,  and  golden  all  the  mountains ; 

Were  all  the  rivers  fed  with  wine  by  tireless  fountains ; 

Life  would  be  ravished  of  its  zest  and  shorn  of  its  ambition. 

And  sink  into  the  dreamless  rest  of  inanition. -^//b//a«d?. 


LESSON    201. 

UBNOXING  QUANXIXY. 

True  worth  is  in  being,  not  seeming— 
In  doing  each  day  that  goes  by- 
Some  little  good  —  not  in  dreaming 
Of  great  things  to  do  by  and  hy.— Alice  Carey. 


a-bftll'-dan^e,  n.     Great  plenty? 

am'-ple,  a.     Fully  sufficient. 

■eom'-pe-ten-^y,  n.     Sufficiency. 

€6n-sid'-er-a-ble,  a.    Moderately  large. 

•€o'-pi-OUS,  a.     Plentiful ;  abundant. 

dearth,  n.     Want ;  famine. 

e-nofigh'  (e-nuf  )j  «•    A  sufficiency. 

^x-Fl'-ber-ant,  a.  Over-abundant;  su- 
perfluous. 

fam'-ine,  n.     General  scarcity  of  food. 

fruit'-ful,  «.      Plenteous;    productive. 

iii-ad'-e-quate,  a.  Unequal;  insuffi- 
cient to  effect  the  object. 

lfiX"fi'"ri-aii§e,  n.     Over-abundance. 


a.     Scanty. 

plen'-te-ous,  a.     Abundant. 
re-duii'-daiit,  a.     Exceeding  what  is 

necessary, 
s«ant'-y,    a.      Hardly    sufficient;    not 

ample. 
S€ar'-^i-ty,  n.     Smallness  of  quantity. 
siif  fr-cient  (fish'-ent),  a.     Equal  to 

wants. 
su-per'-flu-oils,  a.  More  than  is  wanted ; 

excessive. 
sftr'-plus,  n.     An  excess  beyond  what 

is  wanted. 


LESSON    202. 

HOMOPHOBiOUS  l^ORDS. 

All  are  architects  of  Fate,  working  in  these  walls  of  time  ; 

Some  with  massive  deeds  and  great,  some  with  ornaments  oi  rhyme. 

Nothing  useless  is,  or  low,  each  thing  in  its  place  is  best, 

And  what  seems  but  idle  show  strengthens  and  supports  the  rest.— Longfellow. 


waste,  V.  t.     To  destroy. 

ivaist,  n.      Small  part  of    the    body 

above  the  hips. 
wade,  V.  /,     To  walk  in  mud  or  water. 
wgi^hed,  V.  t.     Estimated  heaviness. 


wait,  V.  i.    To  delay. 

weight,  n.     Pressure  downwards. 

ware,  «.     The  advancing  swell  on  the 

surface  of  a  liquid. 
waive,  v,  t.    To  relinquish. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


107 


ware,  «.     Articles  of  merchandise. 
wear,  v.  t.     To  consume  by  use. 

week,  n.     Seven  days. 
weak,  a.     Wanting  strength. 

wrap,  V.  t.     To  enfold. 

rap,  n.     A  blow;  {v.  t.)  to  strike. 


wrote,  V.  t.     Did  write. 
rote,  n.     Mere  repetition,  without  at- 
tention to  the  meaning. 

wring",  V.  t.     To  twist. 

ring,  n.     A  circle;  *(z/.  /.)  to  resound. 

yoke,  n.    That  which  connects  or  binds. 
yolk  (yok),  n.     Part  of  an  Q'g^. 


LESSON    203. 

IBVORDS  RKQUIRIP^G  CARHPUI^  DISCRISII^AXIO^. 

"  Don't  brood  o'er  care — the  trouble  that  you  make 
Is  always  worse  to  bear,  and  hard  to  shake  : 
Smile  at  the  world ;  the  sorrow  that  is  sent, 
Take  it  with  patience,  as  your  punishment; 
He  wins  who  laughs. ' ' 


a«-^ept',  V.  t.     To  receive  with  favor. 
ex-Qept',  V.  t.     To  leave  out. 

a€ts,  n.  pi.     Deeds. 

ax,  n.     A  tool  for  chopping. 

af-fe-et',  v.  t.     To  operate  on. 
ef-fC'et', «.    Result;  (z/.)  to  bring  about. 
alm§,  n.     Gifts  of  charity. 
arm§,  «.     Weapons;  limbs. 

ar'-rant,  a.     Very  bad ;  wicked. 
er'-raud,  n.     A  commission. 
er'-rant,  a.     Wandering;  wild. 


baF-lad,  n.  A  popular  song. 
bal'-lot,  n.  The  ticket  cast. 
bal'-let  (baF-la),  n.   A  theatrical  dance. 

bar'-on,  n.     A  title  of  nobility  in  Eng- 
land. 
bar'-ren,  a.     Unproductive;  sterile. 

bared,  v.  t.     Made  bare. 
"beard,  n.     Hair  on  the  chin. 

bile,  n.     Secretions  of  the  liver. 
boil,  n.     A  tumor;  {v.  t.)  to  seethe. 


LESSON    204. 

"^Vords  Requirins:  Careful  Dlscrlmlnatioii. 

"  Perish  policy  and  cunning  ; 

Perish  all  that  fears  the  light ; 

Whether  losing,  whether  winning, 

Trust  in  God  and  do  the  right." 


b6d'-i§e,  n.     A  kind  of  quilted  waist- 
coat with  stays,  for  women. 
b6d'-ie§,  n.     Plural  of  IfOiiy. 

boy,  n.     A  male  child. 
buof ,  n.     A  floating  cask. 

bran,  n.     Coarse  part  of  grain. 
brand,  n.     A  mark  made  by  a  hot  iron. 


burst,  V.  t.     To  break  open  by  force. 
bnst,  n.     A  piece  of  statuary. 

€am,  n.     A  part  of  a  machine. 
■ealm,  a.     Quiet. 

■ear'-ol,  n.    A  song  of  joy. 

■edr'-al,  n.  Insects  and  their  shells 
found  in  the  sea,  composed  almost 
purely  of  carbonate  of  lime. 


108 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


€ast'-er,  n.    A  small  wheel  on  which 

furniture  is  rolled. 
«as'-tor,  n.     A  substance  of  a  strong 

smell  and  bitter  taste. 

change,  n.     An  evqnt  happening  with- 
out any  assigned  cause. 
chants,  v.  /.     Sings. 


€loge,  V.  t.    To  shut. 
€lothe§,  n.     Garments. 

«dii'-fl-dent,  a.     Bold-,  positive. 
€dii-fl-dant',    n.      A    confidential    or 
bosom  friend. 


LESSON   205. 
'Virords  Requiriug:  Careful  Discrimination. 

virtuous  and  vicious  every  man  must  be, 

Few  in  the  extreme,  but  all  in  the  degree  ; 

The  rogue  and  fool  by  fits  is  fair  and  wise  ; 

And  even  the  best,  by  fits,  what  they  despise  —/b/^. 


-eatch,  V.  t.     To  seize ;  to  lay  hold  of. 
ketch,  n.     A  kind  of  boat. 

def-er-en^e,  n.    Respect  for  others. 
dif-fer-en§e,  n.     Disagreement;  mark 
of  distinction. 

dSnse,  a.     Close;  compact. 
dents,  «.     Marks ;  small  hollows. 

de-s§5nt',  n.    A  coming  down. 
dis-sSnt',  n.     Difference  of  opinion. 
de-gert',  n.     Merit;  worth. 
dSg-gert',  n.     The  last  course  at  the 
table ;  pastry,  fruits  and  sweetmeats. 


de-yige',  v.  t.  To  contrive ;  to  bequeath. 
de-Tige',  n.    Trick. 

di'-verg,  a.     Several ;  various. 
dl-verse',  a.     Different  in  kind. 

Sm'-i-nent,  a.     Exalted  in  rank. 
im'-mi-nent,  a.     Threatening  evil. 

e-rtip'-tion,  n.     A  breaking  forth. 
Ir-rfip'-tion,  n.    A  bursting  in. 

e-merge',  v.  i.    To  rise  out  of  a  fluid. 
im-merge',  v.   t.     To   plunge    into  a 
fluid. 


LESSON   206. 
'Words  Requiring:  Careful  Discrimination. 

"  He  who  never  changed  any  of  his  opinions  never  corrected  any  of  his  mistakes ;  and  he 
who  was  never  wise  enough  to  find  out  any  mistakes  in  himself,  will  not  be  charitable  enough  to 
excuse  what  he  reckons  mistakes  in  others." 

fish'-er,  n.     One  who  catches  fish. 
fis'-sure  (f  ish'-^r),  n.  A  cleft ;  a  chasm. 


false,  a.     Untrue. 
faults,  n.     Errors. 

fa'-ther,  n.     Male  parent. 

far'-ther,  adv.  More  remotely ;  beyond. 

fUr,  a.     Distant. 

fftr,  n.     Short,  thick  hair. 

fSll'-er,  n.     One   who  fells  or  knocks 

down. 
fSl'-low,  «.     An  individual. 

first,  rt.     Foremost;  earliest. 
ffist,  n.     Mustiness. 


form'-al-ly,  adv.    With  ceremony. 
fdr'-mer-ly,  adv.     In  earlier  time. 

g:anf-let,  «.     A  military  punishment. 
gSunf-let,  «.     An  iron  glove. 

hal'-low,  V.  t.    To  keep  sacred. 
h61'-low,  n.     A  low  place. 
ha'-lo,  n.     A  circle  of  light. 
hal-Kn^S  n.    A  shout;  a  calL 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


109 


LESSON   207. 


"^I^ords  Requiring:  Careful  Discrimination. 

"  There  is  no  greater  obstacle  in  the  way  of  success  in  life,  than  trusting  for  something  to 
turn  up,  instead  of  going  to  work  and  turning  up  something." 


hash,  n.     Minced  meat  and  vegetables. 
harsh,  a.     Austere;  abusive. 

huff,  n.     A  swell  of  anger  or  pride. 
hoof,  n.    Hard  part  of  an  animal's  foot. 

jest,  n.     A  joke. 

just,  a.     Upright;  honest. 

least,  a.    The  smallest. 
lest,  conj.     For  fear  that. 

leav'-en,  n.    Yeast. 
e-lSy'-en,  a.     One  more  than  ten. 
lie,  V.  i.     To  rest  on  a  bed  or  couch. 
lay,  V.  t.    To  put  down. 


light'-ning,  n.    A  flash  in  the  clouds, 

of  electric  light. 
light'-eu-ing,  v.  t.     Making  lighter. 

line,  n.     A  slender  chord. 
loin,  n.     A  part  of  the  body. 

lin'-i-ment,  n.     A  soft  or  liquid  oint- 
ment. 
lin'-e-a-ment,  n.    Outline ;  feature. 

lo^se,  V.  i.     To  untie,  or  unbind. 
loge,  V.  t.     To  cause  to  part  with  unin- 
tentionally. 


LESSON   208. 
"Words  Requiring:  Careful  Discrimination. 


The  purest  treasure  mortal  times  aflford. 

Is  spotless  reputation  :  that  away. 

Men  are  but  gilded  loam,  or  painted  qX?^^.— Shakespeare. 


news,  «•    Tidings. 
uol&se,  n,    A  slip  knot. 

6ff,  adv.     Away  from. 

df  (dy),  prep.     Proceeding  from. 

pas'-tor,  n.     Minister  of  a  church. 
pas'-ture,  n.     Land  used  for  grazing. 

pa'-tien^e,  n.    Calmness. 

pa'-tients  (-shents),  «.    Those  who  are 

sick. 

phage,  n.     That  which  is  exhibited  to 

the  eye. 
f&^e,  n.     Cast  of  features;   surface  of 

a  thing. 


piF-lar,  n.     A  column. 

pil'-low,  n.     A  cushion  for  the  head. 

pint,  n.     Half  a  quart. 

point*  n.     The  sharp  end  of  anything. 

por'-tion,  n.    A  part. 
po'-tion,  n.     A  dose. 

pres'-en^e,  n.     Nearness. 
pr^S'-ents,  n.     Gifts. 


prince,  n. 
prints,  n. 


A  king's  son. 
Impressions. 


110 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


LESSON   209. 

l^ords  Requlrins:  Careful  Discrimination. 

Dost  thou  love  life,  then  do  not  squander  time,  for  that  is  the  stuff  life  is  made  ol.— Benjamin 
Franklin. 


quay  (ke),  «.  A  bank  formed  on  the 
side  of  a  river  for  loading  and  un- 
loading vessels. 

key,  n.  That  which  opens  or  shuts  a 
lock. 

rinse,  v.  t.    To  cleanse  with  water. 
rents,  n.     Yearly  income ;  tearings. 

sew'-er  (su'-er),  n.  A  drain  or  passage 
to  carry  off  filth  and  water  under 
ground. 

sew'-er  (so'-er),  n.  One  who  sews  or 
uses  the  needle. 

stat'-ne,  n.    An  image. 
stat'-fire,  n.    Height. 
staf -ute,  n.    A  law. 


spe'-c!e  (-shj^),  n.     Hard  money. 
spe'-cieg,  «.     A  kind ;  variety. 
spe'-ciofis  (-shtts),  a.   Apparently  right. 

stun,  V.  t.     To  make  insensible. 
stone,  n.     A  piece  of  rock. 

toad,  n.     A  reptile. 
towed,   V.    t.      Dragged    through  the 
water  by  means  of  a  rope. 

tow'-er,  n.     A  high  building. 
tQur,  n.     A  long  journey. 

w^rst'-ed  (wust'-ed),  n.  A  well- 
twisted  yarn. 

worst'-ed  (wfirst'-),  v.  t.  Defeated; 
overthrown. 


LESSON    210. 
MISCHI^I^AI^EOUS. 

Man  lives  apart  but  not  alone  ; 

He  walks  amid  his  peers  unfead  ; 
The  best  of  thoughts  that  he  hath  known. 

For  lack  of  listeners  are  never  said.— y;?a»  Ingelow. 


trans-par'- en-<jy,  n.    Clearness. 

treag'-ure,  n.  That  which  is  very 
much  valued. 

tre'-mor  or  trem'-or,  n.  An  involun- 
tary trembling. 

tr  jf  st,«  •  An  appointed  place  of  meeting. 

twink'-le,  V.  i.     To  flash  at  intervals. 

tj^p'-i-e-al,  a.     Emblematic. 

u'-ni-form,  a.  Conforming  to  one  rule 
or  mode. 

u-nlque'  (-neek'),  «•  Odd;  without 
like  or  equal. 

u'-nl-s6n,  n.     Harmony ;  union. 

fl-ni-yer'-sal,  <»•    Unlimited. 


ftr'-g'cn-^y,  n.     Pressure  of  necessity- 
ii'-til-ize,  v.  t.    To  make  use  of. 
va'-ri-a-ble,  a.    Changeable. 
va-ri'-e-ty,  n.    A  varied  assortment 
vSn'-ti-late,  v.  t.    To  furnish  supplies 

of  fresh  air. 
vgn'-tnr-ous,  a.     Fearless ;  daring. 
ver'-dan-<jy,  n.     Inexperience. 
vi-^in'-i-tj^,  n.     Nearness. 
vo-€a'-tion,  n.     Trade ;  occupation. 
wrSs'-tle,  n.    A  struggle  between  two, 

to  see  which  will   throw  the  other 

down. 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


Ill 


LESSON   211. 

PERXAIKI^G  XO  XHE  CIXY. 

"lyist  to  the  city's  gaunt,  thunderous  roar, 
Calling  and  calling  for  you  evermore." 


al'-der-mau,  n.  An  officer  of  a  city, 
next  below  a  mayor  in  rank. 

al'-ley,  n.     A  narrow  walk  or  passage. 

al-ldt'-meiit,  n.    That  which  is  allotted. 

aq'-ue-du€t  (ak'-we-),^2.  An  artificial 
channel  for  conveying  water,  espe- 
cially in  large  cities. 

ar-eade%  n.  A  long,  arched  building, 
lined  on  each  side  with  shops. 

av'-e-nue,  n.    A  wide  street. 

•€a-fe'  (kaf-a')?^^-    A  coffee  house. 

■ea-si'-no,  «.  A  building  used  for  social 
meetings,  having  rooms  for  public 
amusement. 

found'-ry,  n.  A  building  arranged  for 
casting  metals. 

gym-na'-§i-um,  n.  A  place  for  ath- 
letic exercise. 

hy'-drant,  n.  A  pipe  where  water  may 
be  drawn  from  the  mains  of  an  aque- 
duct. 


lo-€ar-i-ty,  n. 

situation. 


Geographical  place  or 


maii-u-fa«'-to-ry,  n.  A  house  or  place 
where  anything  is  manufactured;  a 
factory. 

may '-or,  n.    The  chief  officer  of  a  city. 

mu  ni^'-i-pal,  a.  Pertaining  to  a  cor- 
poration or  a  city. 

or'-di-nan§e,  n.  A  rule  established  by 
authority. 

po-li§e',  n.  A  body  of  civil  officers 
who  preserve  good  order  and  enforce 
the  laws. 

re§-er-v6ir'  (-vwor'),  n.  The  place 
where  water  is  collected  to  supply 
the  city  by  means  of  aqueducts. 

res'-tau-rant,  «.    An  eating  house. 

sub'-urb,  n.  An  outlying  part  of  a 
town  or  city ;  a  smaller  place  immedi- 
ately adjacent  to  a  city. 


LESSON    212. 
DICXAXION  HXHRCISH. 

Here  in  the  city  I  ponder,  through  its  long  pathways  I  wander. 

These  are  the  spires  that  were  gleaming 

All  through  my  juvenile  dreaming, 

When  in  the  old  country  school  house,  I  conned 

Legends  of  life  in  the  broad  world  beyond — 

Ever  I  longed  for  the  walls  and  the  streets. 

And  the  rich  conflict  that  energy  meets ! 

So  I  have  come :  but  the  city  is  great. 

Bearing  me  down  like  a  brute  with  its  weight. 

So  I  have  come :  but  the  city  is  cold, 

And  I  am  lonelier  now  than  of  old.— Car/^/on. 


112 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


LESSON  213. 
8om«^  Cities  of  tbe  U.  S.  livitli  more  tlian  20,000  Inhabitants. 

lyife,  like  some  cities,  is  full  of  blind  alleys,  leading  nowhere  ;  the  great  art  is  to  keep  out  of 
thetn.—Bovee. 

Census  of  1900. 
.    .    .     39.647 


Census  of  1900. 

ik'-ron,  OAto 42,728 

IV-le-ghe-n J,  Pa 129,896 

Al-too'-na, /*« 38,973 

it-lan'-ti*  City,  iV. /.    ....    27,835 

An'-burii,  N.  V. 30,345 

Au-gus'-ta,  Ga 39,441 

Au-ro'-ra,  ///. 24, 147 

Barti-more,  Md. 508,957 

Bay'  ^it-y,  Mi'cA 27,628 

Bay-dniieS  N. /. 32,722 


Bing'-hain-t6n,  N.  V. 
Bir'-miiig-ham(-fim),  ^/a.    ..    38,415 

BloI>m'-ing-toii,  ///. 23,286 

Bridge'-port,  Conn 70,996 

Brdok'-lj^n,  iV.  V.   (Borough).    1,166,582 

Buf'-fa-lo,  N.  V. 352,387 

Bur'-ling-t6n, /^wa 23,201 

Butte,  Afonf 30,470 

€a.m'-hTidgei  Afass 91,886 

■eam'-den,  N. /. 75,935 


Some  Cities  of  tbe  V.  S 

There  is  no  solitude  more  dreadful 
thousands  of  men  and  not  one  friend.- 

"Can'-ton,  OAw 

^e-dar  Rap'-ids,  /owa    .... 

Chat-ta-no?)'-ga,  Tenn 

Cher-sea,  Mass 

Ches'-ter,  P^ 

^hi-ea'-go  (she-kaw'-go),  ///.  i 

^n-<jiii-nat' i,  O^i'o 

fJleve'-land,  0/izo 

Clin'-ton,  /owa 

C61-o-ra'-do  Springs,  Co/o.  .  . 


LESSON   214. 
.  ^wltli  more  than  20,000  Inhabitants. 

for  a  stranger,  an  isolated  man,  than  a  great  city.    So  many 
-Boisie. 

30,667  -edv'-ing-tdn,  Ajk 42,938 

25,656  -Co-lioes',  N.  V. 23,910 

32,490  -eoun'-^il  Bliiffs,  Iowa    .   .   .   .  25,802 

34,072  Dal'-las,  T£j:as 42,638 

33,988  Day'-t6n,  OAz'o 85,333 

698,575  Dav'-en-p6rt, /<?wa 35,^54 

325,902  De-«a'-t«r,  ///. 20.754 

381,768  l}e-troiV,MicA 285,704 

22,698  Du-buque',  loTua 36,^97 

21,085  East'-on,  Pa 25,238 


LESSON   215. 
Some  Cities  of  the  U.  8.  'with  more  than  20,000  Inhabitants. 

Cities  have  always  been  the  fireplaces  of  civilization,  whence  light  and  heat  radiated  out  into 
the  dark,  cold  world.— Theodore  Parker. 

El'-gin,  /// 22,423 

E-liz'-a-betii,  A^.  / 52,130 

t\-mV-rk^N.  V. 35.672 

E'-rie,  Pa 52,733- 

Ev'-aiis-ville,  /nd. 59.007 

Ev'-er-ett,  ^^J-f 24,336 

Fftll'  Riv-er,  Mass 104,863 

YitcW-htirg,  Mass 3i.53i 

Fort  Wayne', /«^. 45.  "5 

Fort  Worth,  T^xas 26,688 


Gal'-ves-tdn,  7V.r«j 37.789 

Gldiices'-ter  (glds'-ter),  Afass.  26,121 

(?rand  Rap'-ids,  Mtc/t 87,565 

Ham'-il-ton,  O/tw 23,914 

Ha'-ver-hill  (ha'-ver-il) ,  Mass.  37, 1 75 

Ho'-bo-ken,  JV.  /. 59.364 

HoV-yoke,  Mass 45. 712 

Hous'-tou,  Texas 44.633 

,lik€k'-son,  Affc/t 25,180 

Ja€k'-8on-YUle,  P^a 28,429 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


113 


LESSON    216. 
Some  Cities  of  tbe  17.  S.  witb  more  than  20,000  Itiliat>itaiits. 

He  who  imagines  he  can  do  without  the  world  deceives  himself  much  ;  but  he  who  fancies  the 
world  cannot  do  without  him  is  still  more  mistaken.— /^ocke/oucauld. 

Lew'-is-ton,  Me 23,761 

Lex'-ing-toii,  A[y 26,369 

Los  An'-gel-es,  Ca/(f. 102,479 

Low'-ell,  Mass 94.969 

LouMs-ville  (l6?>'-is-Tille),  A>.  204,731 

L;fnn,  Mass 68,513 

Mac  Kee§'-p6rt, /•« 34.227 

Ma'-€6ii,  Ga 23,272 

Mal'-den,  Mass 33,664 

Man'-ches-ter,  N.  H. 56,987 


James'town,  iV;  V. 22,892 

Jer'-§ey  ^t-f ,  N.  /. 206,433 

Kal-a-ma-zo?)',  Mz'c^ 24,404 

KsLn'-ssLs^t-f,Mo.  ......  163,752 

Kings'-ton,  N.  V. 24,535 

Knox'-ville,  Tenn 32.637 

La -Crosse',  W/s 28,895 

Lan«'-as-ter,  Fa 4^.459 

Law'-ren^e,  Mass 62,559 

Leay'-eu-worth^  Kan 20,735 


LESSON    217. 
Some  Cities  of  tbe  \J.  S.  i^itli  more  tlian  20,000  Inbabltants. 

The  axis  of  the  earth  sticks  out  visibly  through  the  centre  of  each  and  every  town  or  city. — 
O.  H^.  Holmes. 


Mem'-phis,  Tenn 102,320 

Mil-wau'-kee,  IV/s.  ...   .  .   .  285,315 

Min-ne-ap'-o-lis,  Minn 202,718 

M6-bile',  Ala 38,469 

Mun'-^ie,  Ind. 20,942 

Mus-ke'-goii,  Mich 20,818 

Nash'-u-a,  N.  H. 23,898 

New'-ark,  N.  J.    .......  246,070 

New  Bed'-ford,  Mass 62,442 

New  Brit'-ain,  Conn 25,998 


New'-burg,  N.  Y. 24,943 

New'-cas-tle,  Pa 28,339 

New  Ha'-ven,  Conn 108,027 

New  Or'-le-an§,  Z.^ 287,104 

New'-ton,  il/^^j 33,587 

New  York',  N.  Y. 'hA'hl^'2-0'2. 

Nor'-folk,  Va 46,624 

Nor'-ris-town,  Pa 22,265 

North  Ad'-ams,  Mass 24,200 

Oak'-land,  Calif. 66,960 


Some  Cities  of  tbe  V.  S. 


LESSON   218. 

Mrltb  more  tban  20,000  Inbabitants. 


Towered  cities  please  us  then, 
And  the  busy  hum  of  men.— Mtlion. 


O'-ma-ha,  iVi?^ 102,555 

Or'-ange,  JV.  /. 24, 141 

Osli'-kosh,  IVis 28,284 

Os-we'-go,  N.  Y. 22,199 

Pas-sa'-i-e,  iV. /. 27,777 

Pat'-er-s6ii,  iV: /. 105,171 

Paw-tuck'-et,  P.  /..,,..  .    39,231 

Pe-o'-ri-a,  /// 56,100 

Pe'-ters-burg,  Va 21,810 

Phil-a-der-phi-a,  Pa 1,293,697 


Pitts'-Mirg,  Pa 321,616 

Port'-land,  Me 50, 145 

Pough-keep'-sie(p6-kip'-)j^.  y-  24,029 
Pu-eb'-lo  (pweb'-lo),  Colo.    .  .   28,157 

Quiu'-cy,  ///. 36,282 

Ra-§ine',  IVis 29,102 

Read'-ing,  Pa 78,961 

Ro-a-noke',  Va 21,495 

Ro€k'-ford,  ///. 31,051 

Roch'-es-ter,  N.  Y. 162,608 


114 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


LESSON    219. 
Some  Cities  of  tlie  IJ.  S.  ^wltb  more  than  20,000  Inbabltants. 

"  111  fares  the  land,  to  hastening  ills  a  prey, 
Where  wealth  accumulates,  and  men  decay." 


Sag'-i-iiaw,  Mich 42,345 

Saint  Jo'-seph,  Mo 102,979 

Sa'-lem,  Mass 35,956 

San  An-to'-ni-o,  Texas  .  .  .  .  53,321 
San  Fran-^is'-€6,  Calif.  .  .  .  342, 782 
San  Jose  (lio-saOj  <^^^^-    •  •  •    21,500 

Sa-yan'-nah,  Ga 54.244 

S€he-ne€'-ta-dy,  N.  V.    .     ..    31,682 

S€ran'-ton,  Pa 102,026 

Se-at'-tle,  IVasA. 80,671 


She-boy'-^an,  IVis 22,962 

Shen-an-do'-ah,  Fa 20,321 

Signx' ^t-f , /<?wa 33.  m 

Sdm'-er-ville,  Mass 61,643 

South  Bend^  Imf. 35.999 

Spo-kane',  IVasA 36,848 

St.  Lou'-is  (lo?>'-is),  Mo.    .  .  .  575.238 

Su-pe'-ri  or,  IVis 31,091 

S5^r'-a-ciise,  N.  V. 108,374 

Ta-«o'-ma,  IVasA 37. 7^4 


LESSON   220. 
Some  Cities  of  tlie  U.  S.  'witlt  more  tban  20,000  Inbat>itant8. 

If  you  would  know  and  not  be  known,  live  in  a  city.—  Colton. 


Taun'-ton,  Mass 31.036 

Ter'-re  Haute  (hot),  Ind.   ..     .  36,673 

To-Ie'-do,  Ohio 131,822 

Troy,  N.  Y. 60,651 

U'-ti-'-ca,  N.  Y. 56,383 

Wa'-€0,  Texas 20,686 

War-tham,  Mass 23,481 

Wa'-ter-hur-y  (-ber-ry).  Conn.  4^,859 

Wa'-ter-town,  N.  Y. 21,696 

West  Ho-bo'-ken,  N.  /.  .  .  .  .  23,094 


Wich'-i-ta,  Kan 24,671 

Wiir-iams-port,  Pa.          ...  28,757 

Wilkes'-bar-re  (ri),  Z'^.   .  .  .  51.721 

WiF-ming-tOn,  Del 76.508 

Wo?)n-s5«k'-et,  R.  T 28,204 

Worces'-ter(wo?>s'-ter),  Mass,  118,421 

Y6nk'-er§,  N.  Y. 47.931 

York,  Pa 33,708 

Toiingrs'-town,  Ohio 44.885 

Zaneg'-ville,  Ohio 23,538 


LESSON    221. 

8XAXBS  AIKD  THRRIXORIB8. 

One  flag,  one  land,  one  heart,  one  hand, 


One  Nation,  evermore 


STATE  OR  TERRITORY. 

il-a-ba'-ma,  Ala 

A-las'-ka  Ter.,  Alaska  Ter, 
Ar-i-z6'-na,  Ariz.     . 
Ir'-kan-sgs  (sftw),  Ark. 
€al-i-fdr'-nl-a.  Call/-.  .  . 
€61-0  ra'-do,  Colo.    .  .  . 
•edn-nSct'-I-eflt,  Conn,  or  C/, 
D§r-a-ware,  Bel.  .... 
Fldr'-i-da,  Fla.  .  .  ,   .  . 
6e6r'-gri-4,  Ga.  ,  .  .  ,  . 


-O.  VV.  Holmes 
Q.  MILES. 
51.540 


531,409  • 
113,929  . 

53.845  . 

155.980  . 

103,845  . 

4,845  . 

1,950  . 

59.268  . 

58,980  . 


CAPITAL. 

M6nt-g:6m'-e-ry 
Sit'-ka  .... 
Phoe'-nix  .  . 
Lit'-tle  Rdck  . 
Sa«-ra-mgn'-to 
D6n'-ver  .  .  . 
Hart'-ford  .  . 
Do'-ver  .... 
Tal-la-h&s'-see 
it-lau'-t&    . 


CENSUS  OF   1900. 
30,346 
1.396 

5.544 
38.307 
29,282 

133.859 
79.850 

3.329 

2,981 

89,87a 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING. 


116 


LESSON    222. 
states  and  Territories. 

the  home  of  the  homeless  all  over  the  earth  ! — Street. 


STATE   OR  TERRITORY 

I'-da-ho,  Idaho  .  . 
Il-li-noi§'  (or  noi')i  I^^- 
In-di-an'-a,  Ind. . 
In'-dian  Ter.  (ind'-yan 
F-o-wa,  Iowa  or  la 
Kan'-sas,  Kan. 
Ken-tu^k'-y,  ICy.  . 
Lou-i-§i-a'-na,  La. 

Maine,  Me 

Ma'-ry-land,  MJ.  . 


Ind. 


Ter 


SQ.   MILES,  CAPITAL.  CENSUS  OF  I9OO. 

84,290  .  .  Boise'  ^\t-^  (bwah-za')   .     5,957 

56,000  .  .  Spring'-ileld  •   •   . 

35,910  .  .  In-di-a-nap'-o-lis  . 

65,304  .  .  Tah'-le-quali  .   .  . 

55,470.  .  Des  Moines' .  .  ... 

81,700  .  .  To-pe'-ka  ..."... 

40,000  .  .  Frank'-fort 

45,420  .  .  Bat/-6n  Eonge  (roozh) 

33.056  .  .  4u-gus'-ta 

9,860  .  .  An-nap'-o-lis  .... 


34.159 

169,164 

1,482 

62,139 

33.608 

9.487 
11,269 
11,683 

8,402 


LESSON   223. 
States  and  Territories. 

They  love  their  land,  because  it  is  their  own. 

And  scorn  to  give  aught  other  reason  wh.y.—HaUeck. 


STATE  OR  TERRITORY. 

Mas-sa-chu'-setts,  Mass. 
Mi§h'-i-gau,  Mich. 
Min-ne-so'-ta,  Minn. 
Mis-sis- sip'-pi,  Miss. 
Mig-son'-ri,  Mo.  .  . 
M6n-ta'-na,  Mont.  . 
Ne-bras'-ka,  iV;?^.  • 
Ne-va'-da,  Nev.  .  . 
New  Hamp'-sMre,  N.  H. 
New  Jer'-sey,  N.  J.  .  .  . 


SQ.   MILES.  CAPITAL.                       CENSUS  OF  I9OO. 

8,040  .   .  Bos'-ton 560,892 

57,430  •   •  Lan'-sing 16,485 

79,205  .   .  St.  PauF 163,065 

46,340  .   .  Jack'-s6n 7,816 

68,735-  .  Jef'-fer-son  git-y  .   .  .   .     9.664 

145,310  .   .  Hel'-e-na 10,770 

76,185  .   .  Lin'-€61n •.    40,169 

109,740  .  .  -Car'-son  ^it-y  ......     2,100 

9,005  .   .  -Gon'-eord 19,632 

7.455  •   .  Tren'-t6n 73.307 


LESSON    224. 
States  and  Territories. 

Teach  erring  man  to  spurn  the  rage  of  gain 

Teach  him,  that  States,  of  native  strenghth  possessed. 

Though  very  poor,  may  still  be  very  blessed.— (JoW^w*^. 


STATE  OR  TERRITORY. 

New  Mex'-i-eo  Ter.,  N.  Mex.  Ter, 
New  York',  N.  Y.  .  .   .    . 
Nortii  -ear-o-ir-na,  A^.  C. 
North  Da-ko'-ta,  N.  Dak. 

O-hi'-o,  O 

Ok  la-ho'-ma,  Okla.  .  .  . 

6r'-e-gon,  Or 

Penn-sj^l-va'-ni-a,  Pa.  .  . 

Rliode  Isl'  and,  R.  I.  .  , 
Sonth  -ear-o-li'-na,  S.  C, 


SQ.   MILES. 

CAPITAL. 

( 

CENSUS  OF  inoo. 

122,000  . 

.San-taFe' 5,603 

47,620  . 

.AF-ba-ny.   .   . 

94.151 

52,240  . 

.  Eal'-eigh  .   .   . 

13.643 

75,000  . 

.  Bis'-mar^k  .   . 

3,319 

40,760  . 

.  -eo-lum'-biis  .  . 

125,560 

4,687  . 

•  Ontli'-rie.  .   ^ 

.     10,006 

94,560  . 

.Sa'-lem.   .   .   . 

4,258 

44.985   • 

.  Har'  ris-burg  . 

50,167 

1,088  . 

fProT'-i-denQe 
•  1  New'-port  .  . 

175,597 

22,034 

30,170  . 

.€olum'-bi-a   .  . 

21,108 

116 


BUSINESS   SERIES. 


LESSON   225. 
States  and  Territories. 

What  constitutes  a  State  ? 

Not  high  raised  battlements  or  labored  mound, 
Not  cities  proud  with  spires  and  turrets  crowned 
No  ;  men,  high-miuded  men." 


STATE  OR  TERRITORY. 

South  Da-ko'-ta,  5.  Dak. 
Ten-nes-seeS  Tenn.  .   .   . 

T6x'-as,  Tex 

V'-iii\i,Uiah 

Ter-mdnt/,  Vt 

Tir-gin'-i-a,  Va 

Wash'-ing-t6n,  Wash. .  . 
W6st  Yir-gin'-i-a,  W.  Va. 
Wis-«6n'-sm,  W^/>:  .   .   . 
Wy-o'-mingr,  Wyo.    .   .   . 


SQ.  MILES. 

CAPITAL.                     CENSUS  OF  I9OO. 

76,620  . 

.  Pierre  (pe  ar') 2,306 

41,750  . 

.Nash'-Yille  .  .   . 

.    80,865 

265,780  . 

.  Aus'-tin 

.    22,258 

82,190  . 

.  Salt  Lake  git^t  . 

•    53,531 

9.136  . 

.  Mdnt-pe'-lier .    . 

6,266 

40,125  . 

.  Rich'-mond  .... 

85,050 

66,880  . 

.  O-lj^m'-pi-a  .  .   . 

4,082 

24,645  • 

.  Charles'-toii    .  .  . 

11,099 

54,450  ' 

-  Mad'-i-son    .   .   . 

19,164 

97,575  . 

.  ghey-enne'  (shi-gn') 

14,087 

LESSON    226. 

I^ARGKST  CIXIHS  OK  XHK   l^ORI^D. 

There  is  such  a  difference  between  the  pursuits  of  men  in  great  cities  that  one  part  of  the 
inhabitants  live  to  little  other  purpose  than  to  wonder  at  the  rest.— Johnson. 

CITY.  COUNTRY.  POPULATION. 

im'-ster-dam, Hol^-land 512,953 

int'-werp, Bel'gi-um ^11,^1^ 

Bang-kdk', Si-am^ (estimated)    250,000 

Bar-5e-lo'-iia  (or  bar-tha-)»    ....  Spain     272,481 

Bel-fast', Ire'-ldnd 255,950 

Ber'-lin  (or  bgr'-leen), Prus'-si-a  (prush'-l-a) 1,843,000 

Bir'-ming-ham, Eng^-land  (tng'-) 478,113 

Bombay', In^-di-a 821,764 

Bor-deaux'  (-do'), Frange 256,906 

Brad'-ford^    •   •  •, Eng'-land 216,361 

Bres'-lau, Prus^-si-a ,  ,  .  .     373,169 

Brfis'-selg,     BH'-gi-um ,  .  .     561,130 

Bu-€ha-r6st', Rou-md^-ni-a 232,000 

Bn'-da-pgsth, Hun'-ga-ry 505,763 

Bue'-ii6s  iy'-res  (l>6'-), Ar^-g^n-tine  Ri-piib^-llc,  S.  A  .  .     663,854 

€aI'-ro, E'-gypt 570,062 

€al-€ilt'-t&, In'-di-a 861,764 

Cftrls'-bad, Aus'-tri-a 12,000 

•€aii-t6ii', ChV-na (estimated)  1,600,000 

€o-logiie'  (-Wn'), Ger'-ma-ny 321,564 


SPELLING  AND   DEFINING.  117 

LESSON  227. 
L,ar8:est  Cities  of  tlie  TVorld. 

"Trade's  proud  empire  hastes  to  swift  decay, 
As  ocean  sweeps  the  labored  mole  away." 

CITY.  COUNTRY.  POPtTLATION. 

€5ii-staii-ti-no'-ple, Tur^-key 873,560 

€o-pen-ha'-geii, Den^-mark 312,859 

Dreg'-den, .  Sdx^-o-ny 336,440 

Bub'-lin, Ire^-ldnd 245,001 

£d'-in-burgh  (-bfir-ruh), Scof-land 264,796 

Fo5-Choo', Cni'-na 636,000 

€ren'-o-a, It^-a-ly 232.777 

(5las'-gow, Scdt^-land 618,052 

Ham'-burg, Ger^-ma-ny 625,552 

Ha-van'-a,     Cil^-ba    .  .  .  .' 200,000 

Hei'-del-berg, Ger^-ma-ny 31,737 

Ki-o'-to, Jd-pdn^ 353, i39 

Li§'-b6n, Porf-u-gal 301,206 

Lisle  (leel), Frange 216,276 

Liy'-er-po?)!,     Eng^-land 517,980 

Ldn'-ddn, Eng^-land 4,211,056 

Lu€k'-now, In^-di-a 273,028 

Ly'-on§, Frange 466,028 

Mad-rid', Spain     470,283 

Man'-ches-ter, Eng^-land 505.368 

LESSON  228. 
I^ari^est  Cities  of  tlie  ^W^orld. 

The  city  is  an  epitome  of  the  social  world.     All  the  belts  of  civilization  intersect  along  its 
avenues  and  it  contains  the  products  of  every  moral  zone.— CAa/m. 

CITY.  COUNTRY.  POPULATION. 

Mar-seille§'  (mar-salz')j Frange 442,239 

Mel'-boiiriie, Aus-ird^-li-a 490,900 

MiF-an  or  M-lan' It^-a-ly 481,297 

M6s'-eow, Rus^-si-a  {rush^-l-a) 988,614 

Mu'-ni-eh, Ba-vd^-rt-a 407,307 

Na'-ple§, It^-a-ly 540,393 

Not'- ting-ham, Eng^-land .   .  213,877 

O-des'-sa, Rus^-si-a 405,041 

Par'-is, Frange 2,536,834 

Pe'-king  or  Pe-kin', ChV-na (estimated)  1,000,000 

Rf-o  Ja-nei'-ro, Bra-zil^ 522,651 

Shang'-liai  or  Shang'-hi, Chi^na (estimated)  380,000 

Shef'-fleld, Eng^-land 324,243 


118  BUSINESS   SERIES. 


CITY.  COUNTRY.  POPULATION. 

St5«k'-holm, Swe^-den 295,789 

St.  Pe'-ter§-btlrg, Riis^-sl-a 1,267,023 

Sj^d'-iiej^, Aus-tra^-ll-a 383,390 

To'-ky-o, Jd-pdnf 1,452,564 

Tu'-rin  or  Tu-rin', If-a-ly 355,800 

Vi-en'-na, Aus-trV-a 1,364,548 

War'-saw, Po^-ldnd 638,209 

LESSON  229. 

mOKXHS  A9(D  DAYS. 

"A  life  of  sober  week  days,  with  a  solemn  Sabbath  at  their  close;" 


Jau'-u-a-ry,     Jan. 

Feb'-ru-a-ry, Feb. 

March,     Mar. 

i'-pril, Apr. 

May,     May. 

June, June. 

July', July. 

Au'-gust,     Aug. 

Sep-tem'-ber, Sept. 

5€-to'-ber, Oct. 

No-yem'-ber, Nov. 


De-§em'ber, Dec. 

Sfin'-dajf,     Sun. 

M6n'-daf , Mon. 

Tues'-daf ,     Tues. 

Wednes'-daj^  (wenz'-djf),  ....  Wed. 

Thurs'-daf , Thurs. 

Fri'-daj^, Fri. 

Sat'-ur-daJ^, Sat. 

■€hro-n5r-o-g:y,  n.  The  science  which 
treats  of  measuring  or  computing 
time  by  regular  divisions  or  periods. 


LESSON   230. 
DICXAXIOI^  HXHRCISK. 

Remorseless  Time ! 
Fierce  spirit  of  the  glass  and  scythe !    What  power 
Can  stay  him  in  his  silent  course,  or  melt 
His  iron  heart  to  pity!     On,  still  on, 
He  presses,  and  forever.     The  proud  bird, 
The  condor  of  the  Andes,  that  can  soar 
Through  heaven's  unfathomable  depths,  or  brave 
The  fury  of  the  northern  hurricane. 
And  bathe  his  plumage  in  the  thunder's  home, 
Furls  his  broad  wing  at  nightfall,  and  sinks  down 
To  rest  upon  his  mountain  crag ;  but  Time 
Knows  not  the  weight  of  sleep  or  weariness, 
And  Night's  deep  darkness  has  no  chain  to  bind 
His  rushing  pinion. 

Time  the  tomb-builder,  holds  his  fierce  career. 
Dark,  stem,  all  pitiless,  and  pauses  not 
Amid  the  mighty  wrecks  that  strew  his  path. 
To  sit  and  muse,  like  other  conquerors. 
Upon  the  fearful  ruin  he  hath  wrought.— (7^<?.  D.  Prentice. 


SPELLING  AND  DEFINING. 


119 


Account   .   .   .  acct.,  %. 

Ad  libitum  (at  pleas- 
ure)   ad  lib. 

Administrator  .   .  Admr. 

Administratrix  .  Admx. 

Advertisement  .    .    adv. 

Afternoon  {post  me- 
ridtejn)    ....    P.  M. 

Against  {versus)  v.  or  vs. 

Agent Agt. 

All  correct  .   .    .   .  O.  K. 

Alley Al. 

American  ....  Amer. 

Amount amt. 

And  others  {et  alu)  et al. 

Anno  Domini  (in  the 
year  of  our  Lord)  A.  D. 

Anonymous  .    .    .    anon. 

Answer ans. 

Arithmetic  ....  Arith. 

Assistant Asst. 

At  or  to  (mercantile) 

@,  a. 

Attorney Atty. 

Avenue.   .   .Av.  orAve. 

Average av. 

Bachelor  of  Arts  .   . 
....  B.  A.  or  A.  B. 

Bachelor  of  Laws  LL.  B. 

Bachelor  of  Philoso- 
phy   Ph.  B. 

Balance bal. 

Bank bk. 

Barrel,  barrels  .   .   . 
.  bl.,  bis. 

Before  Christ  .   .   .  B.  C. 

Bill  Book B.  B. 

Bills  Payable  .    .  B.  Pay. 

Bills  Receivable  B.  Rec. 

Borough    .   .  Bor.  or  bor. 

Bought bot. 

Brigadier  General  . 
Brig.  Gen. 

Brother,  Brothers   . 
Bro.,  Bros. 

Brought brot. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 

Bushel  ....  bu.,  bush. 

By  the per. 

By  the  year  {per  an- 
num)   per  an. 

Capital Cap. 

Captain  ....    ,   .  Capt. 

Care  of ?/o. 

Cartage ctg. 

Cash  Book    .   .    .   .  C.  B. 

Cashier Cash. 

Cash  on  delivery  C.  O.  D. 

Cent,  cents  .   .   .  ct.,  cts. 

Chaplain Chap. 

Charged chgd. 

Check Ck. 

Christmas  ....  Xmas. 

Civil  Engineer  .   .  C.  E. 

Cleared eld. 

Clerk Clk. 

Collector Coll. 

Colonel Col. 

Commerce com. 

Commercial    .    .   .  coml. 

Commission  ....  Com. 

Committee   ....  com. 

Common  Pleas    .   .  C.  P. 

Company Co. 

Congregational  .   .  Cong. 

Congress Cong. 

Consignment .  .   .  Const. 

Comer cor. 

Corresponding  Sec- 
retary ....  Cor.  Sec. 

County Co. 

Court  House   .    .   .  C.  H. 

Credit,  creditor  .    .    .  Cr. 

Deacon Dea. 

Debtor Dr. 

Defendant  ....  Deft. 

Department.  .    .   .   dept. 

Discount  .   .  dis.  or  disc. 

District dist. 

Ditto  (the  same)    .    .  do. 

Dividend div. 

Doctor Dr. 


Doctor  of  Dental 
Surgery  .   .   .  D.  D.  S. 

Doctor  of  Divinity  D.  D. 

Doctor  of  Laws  ,  LL.  D. 

Doctor  of  Medicine 
........  M.  D. 

Doctor  of  Philoso- 
phy        Ph.  D. 

Doctor  of  Science  .  D.  S. 

Dollar,  dollars  dol.,  dols. 

Dozen doz. 

Draft dft. 

Drayage dray. 

Each ea. 

East E. 

Errors  and  omissions 
excepted  .    .  E.  &  O.  E. 

Errors  excepted  .    .  E.  E. 

Esquire Esq. 

Esquires Esqs. 

Et  cetera  (and  the 
rest) etc. ,  &c. 

Exchange  ....    exch. 

Executive  Commit- 
tee ....  Exec.  Cora. 

Expense ex'p. 

Foot  or  feet ft. 

Forenoon  {ante  me- 
ridiem)  A.  M. 

Forward ford. 

Free  on  board  .   .  f .  o.  b. 

Freight frt. 

Gallon gal. 

General Gen. 

God  willing  (Z>^^  vo- 
lente) D.  V. 

Governor Gov. 

Gross gro. 

Guaranty Guar. 

Half hlf. 

Handkerchiefs  .   .  hdkfs. 

Head hd. 

Hogshead hhd. 

Honorable   ....  Hon. 

Hour hr. 


ISO 


BUSINESS  SERIES. 


Hundred hund. 

Hundredweight  .  .  cwt. 
Id  est  (that  is   .   .    .  i.  e. 

Inches in. 

Incognito    (unknown) 

incog. 

Insurance ins. 

Interest int. 

Inventory invt. 

Invoice inv. 

Invoice  Book   .    .    .  I.  B. 

Island isl. 

Jesus    the    Savior  of 

Men I.  H.  S. 

Journal jour. 

Journal  Folio   .   .    .  J.  F. 

Junior Jr. 

Justice  of  the  Peace  J.  P. 

Lake L- 

Last  month  {ultimo)  ult. 

Ledger ledg. 

Ledger  Folio  .  .  .  L.  F. 
Lieutenant.  .  .  .  Lieut. 
Lieutenant  Colonel 

Lt.  Col. 

Lieutenant  General 

, Lt.  Gen. 

Loss  and  Gain  L.  and  G. 

Madam Mad. 

Madame  (Fr.)    .    .  Mme. 

Major Maj. 

Major  General  Maj.  Gen. 
Manufacturing  .  .  mfg. 
Manuscript 

MS(pl.MSS.) 

Measure meas. 

Member  of  Congress 

M.  C. 

Memorandum  .  .  Mem. 
Merchandise  .  .  .  radse. 
Mesdames    (Fr.   pi.) 

Mmes. 

Messieurs  (Fr.  pi.  Mr.) 

Messrs. 

Methodist  Episcopal 

M.  E 

Minute min. 

Mister  .....     Mr. 


Mistress Mrs. 

Month,  months   .    .    . 

mo.,  mos. 

Mortgage natg. 

Mountain  or  Mount 

.    .    .    Mt.  (pi.  Mts.) 

National Natl. 

Net  Gain N.  G. 

Net  Proceeds  .   .    .  N.  P. 
Next  month   {proxi- 
mo)   prox. 

Noon   {meridiem)  .    .  M. 

North N. 

Number,  numbers  . 
no.,  nos. 

Ounce oz. 

Package P^g- 

Pages pp. 

Paid pd. 

Pair pr. 

Paymaster  General  . 
P.  M.  G. 

Payment  .....  payt 

Peck,  pecks  .    .  pk.,  pks. 

Pennyweight    .    .    .  pwt. 

Per  cent  (by  the  hun- 
dred .   .   .  % ,  per  cent. 

Pieces pes. 

Pint,  pints  .   .   .  pt.,  pts. 

Place  of  Seal   .   .    .  L.  S. 

Plaintiff Pllf. 

Postmaster  .   .   .   .  P.  M. 

Post  office P.  O. 

Postscript P.  S. 

Pound,  pounds  .  lb.,  lbs. 

Preferred pfd. 

Premium prem. 

Presbyterian .  .   .  Presb. 

President Pres. 

Professor Prof. 

Pro  tempore  (for  the 
time)    ....  pro  tem. 

Protestant  Episcopal 
P.  E. 

Quart,  quarts.   .  qt.,  qts. 

Quarter,  quarters  qr.,qrs. 

Railroad R.  R. 

Railway Ry. 


Receipt recpt. 

Received .  .    .    .   „    reed. 

Recording  Secretary 
Rec.  Sec. 

Returned retd. 

Reverend Rev. 

Right  Honorable  .  . 
Ri.  Hon. 

Right  Reverend  Rt.  Rev. 

River R. 

Roman  Catholic  .   . 
Rom.  Cath. 

Sales  Book  .   .    .   .  S.  B. 

Schooner schr. 

Second sec. 

Secretary Sec. 

Senior  .    .    .    .  Sr.  or  Sen. 

Shipment shipt. 

Sight  Draft  .   .     st.  dft. 

South S. 

Square sq. 

Steamer Str. 

Storage stor. 

Street  or  Saint  St.  (pi  Sts. ) 

Sundries sunds. 

Superintendent  .   .  Supt. 

Take  Notice  .   .   .  N.  B. 

This  month  (instant)  inst. 

Thousand M. 

Tonnage ton. 

Township tp. 

Transaction  or 
Transportation     trans. 

Trial  Balance  .   .    .  T.  B. 

Vice  President  .  V.  Pres. 

Videlicet  (namely)   .  viz. 

Village    .    .    .  Vil.  or  vil. 

Volume vol. 

Week wk. 

Weight wt. 

West W. 

Without  deduction  .  net 

Yard,  yards  .    .  yd.,  yds. 

Year,  years  .   .   yr.,  yrs. 

Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association  . 
Y.  M.  C.  A. 


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